(P) Lab 2: Direct Fecal Smear, Specimen Collection, and Processing

Question 1

TOF. Ovum refers to the eggs stage of the parasites.

Answer 1

T (ova or ovum)

Question 2

What to consider in macroscopic examination? (2)

Answer 2

color, gross abnormalities and consistency

Question 3

Two components associated with routine parasitology?

Answer 3

1. Macroscopic
2. Microscopic

Question 4

In microscopic examination, what is looked out for?

Answer 4

• Ova
• Parasite
• Fecal artifacts

Question 5

TOF. The typical stool collection protocol consists of four (4) specimens.

Answer 5

F (3)

Question 6

How many is the total specimen collected in 10 days?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

In cases of amebiasis, how many specimens in 14 days is acceptable?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 9
D. 12

Answer 7

B

Question 8

Stool samples from patients undergoing therapy that includes except:
A. Barium
B. Antacids
C. Bismuth or mineral oil
D. laxatives
E. NOTA

Answer 8

E

Question 9

TOF

In specimen collection of a patient with antimalarial medications, they are delayed for a month following therapy

Answer 9

F (2 weeks)

Question 10

The acceptable amount of stool required for PARASITE study

Answer 10

2-5g

Question 11

TOF. Urine with poop is allowed as it is part of the human body and considered to be typical.

Answer 11

F (not allowed as it may destroy some parasites due to its acidity)

Question 12

TOF. In case of no wide-mouthed containers, the poop may be put in a tissue.

Answer 12

F (tissue mask parasites or make examination of the sample difficult)

Question 13

TOF. Temporary storage of fecal samples in a refrigerator (3 to 5 C) is acceptable.

Answer 13

T

Question 14

The recommended time frame for liquid stool

Answer 14

within 30 minutes of passage.

Question 15

Semi-formed stool should be examined within?

Answer 15

1hr

Question 16

This type of stool specimens can be held for 24 hours following collection.

Answer 16

Formed-stool

Question 17

Whch information of a specimen container does not belong:
A. Travel history
B. Physician’s name
C. Medical Technologist’s name
D. Clinical findings
E. NOTA

Answer 17

C

Question 18

How many stool samples should be collected when following the
typical O&P collection protocol?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

ratio of fixative to stool specimens

Answer 19

3:1

Question 20

Before processing, what is done to the specimen?

Answer 20

specimen must be fixed in the preservative for at least 30
minutes before processing begins.

Question 21

Which of these procedures is involved in the microscopic examination of stool
specimens for parasites?

A. Performing a concentration technique
B. Determining specimen consistency
C. Examining sample for gross abnormalities
D. Analyzing sample for color

Answer 21

A

Question 22

used to measure objects observed microscopically accurately.

Answer 22

Ocular
Micrometer

disk inserted into the eyepiece of the microscope

Question 23

diagnostic stages of parasites detected microscopically are measured in units
known as?

Answer 23

microns

Question 24

Direct Wet Preparation

Slide may by mixing a small portion (2g) of unfixed
stool with?

Answer 24

saline or iodine

Question 25

# Direct Wet Preparation reagent of choice

Answer 25

.85 saline soln

Question 26

# Direct Wet Preparation suggested size for the glass slide

Answer 26

3 x 2 ## Footnote 22mm square cover slip is utilized

Question 27

# Direct Wet Preparation Trophozoites can be stained to demonstrate the nuclear morphology using?

Answer 27

Nair’s buffered methylene blue solution (BMB)

Question 28

# Direct Wet Preparation: Nair’s buffered methylene blue solution (BMB): pale blue indicates?

Answer 28

Entamoeba cytoplasm | is stained

Question 29

# Direct Wet Preparation Nair’s buffered methylene blue solution (BMB): darker blue indicates?

Answer 29

nucleus | is stained

Question 30

What prep is made to enhance the detail of the protozoan cysts

Answer 30

Direct wet iodine preparation

Question 31

# Direct wet iodine preparation TOF. It destroys the TROPHOZOITES stage of protozoan

Answer 31

T

Question 32

# Direct wet iodine preparation cytoplasm will color

Answer 32

Yellow

Question 33

# Direct wet iodine preparation nucleus will color

Answer 33

pale and refractile

Question 34

# Direct wet iodine preparation glycogen

Answer 34

deep brown

Question 35

structures that closely resemble parasites but in reality, are not.

Answer 35

Artifacts and Confusers

Question 36

TOF. Artifacts and Confusers' presence of free-living organisms in stool caused by specimen contact with water, sewage, or soil may often cause confusion

Answer 36

T

Question 37

# Artifacts and confusers Which does not belong: A. Stain precipitate B. RBC abnormalities C. Clumping plateles D. WBC E. Howell-Jolly bodies

Answer 37

D

Question 38

TOF. RBCs are often mistaken for amebic cysts, especially those of Entamoeba histolytica, whose average size range is 12 to 18 µm

Answer 38

F (WBC)

Question 39

WBCs are usually present in patients suffering from : A. ulcerative colitis B. bacterial dysentery C. intestinal amebiasis D. All

Answer 39

D

Question 40

This cell have a two- to four-lobed nucleus, similar in appearance to the E. histolytica nucleus

Answer 40

WBC

Question 41

TOF. Protozoan nuclear inclusions, such as karyosomes and peripheral chromatin, are ABSENT in WBCs

Answer 41

T

Question 42

this ingest polymorphonuclear WBCs

Answer 42

macrophages

Question 43

Thick-walled grains resemble the eggs of Taenia spp. but are smaller.

Answer 43

pollen grains ## Footnote * Pollen grains may appear round or symmetrically lobed. * Unlike Taenia, there are no notable interior structures.

Question 44

Which of the following findings can help differentiate WBCs from amebic cysts? A. Size B. Number of nuclei C. Absence of protozoan nuclear inclusions D. None of the above

Answer 44

C. Absence of protozoan nuclear inclusions

Question 45

* may easily be confused with helminth eggs. * These cells are typically large and roundish oval to irregularly round in shape. * Thick cell walls are usually present. * The interior portion of vegetable cells is unorganized and often appears to consist primarily of large vacuoles.

Answer 45

vegetable cells

Question 46

* often resemble helminth larvae in their shape and size. * Unlike helminth larvae, however, vegetable spirals do not have a head or tail region. * are readily distinguished from parasitic forms by their ladder-like appearance. * The ladder consists of a series of rungs that are spaced closely together.

Answer 46

Vegetable spirals

Question 47

Which of the following characteristics can help differentiate vegetable spirals from helminth larvae? A. Presence of head or tail region B. Ladder-like appearance C. Characteristic worm shape D. Length of spiral

Answer 47

B

Question 48

* most clinically significant. * Due to EOSINOPHIL breakdown products. * They are typically found in stool or sputum specimens and are reported when seen. * Demonstration of these diamond-shaped crystals indicates IMMUNE RESPONSE of unknown origin. * such an immune response may be caused by the presence of parasite.

Answer 48

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

Question 49

* round to oval * may be confused with protozoan cysts, especially those of Entamoeba hartmanni Endolimax nana and Entamoeba hominis. * It also resembles the oocyst of Cryptosporidium. * yeast cells typically show no definite internal structures. * small granules resembling karyosomes may be seen. * may be easily distinguished from parasites when seen in their budding stage.

Answer 49

Yeast

Question 50

3. What is the clinical significance of the presence of Charcot-Leyden crystals in a stool or sputum specimen? A. Indicative of an immune response of unknown origin B. Indicative of a parasitic infection C. Indicative of a bacterial infection D. Not a significant finding

Answer 50

A

Question 51

* may resemble helminth larvae in size and shape. * may appear to have a nondescript internal structure. * does not have diagnostic structures, such as a buccal cavity, esophagus, intestine, or genital primordium. * There is no head or tail region.

Answer 51

plant hair

Question 52

* resemble helminth eggs particularly an unfertilized Ascaris lumbricoides. * typically, round to oval in shape and may or may not have a definite cell wall. * often rough in appearance and may have hairs (pseudocilia) extending from its periphery. * The interior of the cell looks like a cluster of odd-shaped vacuoles.

Answer 52

Plant material

Question 53

4. Plant material differs from a helminth eggs in that plant material may have peripheral pseudocilia. A. True B. False

Answer 53

A

Question 54

* show a striking resemblance to amebic trophozoites in size and shape. * have a single nucleus and often show a distinct cell wall, just like those of the amebic trophozoites. * lack the typical amebic trophozoite interior structures.

Answer 54

Epithelial cells

Question 55

* may be similar to the size and shape of protozoan cysts * The lack of interior structures easily distinguishes these artifacts from parasitic forms.

Answer 55

Fungal elements

Question 56

5. Which parasite may be confused with epithelial cells because of their similar size and shape? A. Helminth eggs B. Plasmodium spp. C. Amebic trophozoites D. Dientamoeba fragilis

Answer 56

C

Question 57

* also referred to as starch granules. * Round to irregular round-shaped starch cells. * may appear at first glance to be protozoan cysts, particularly those of E. hartmanni and E. nana. * are readily differentiated from parasitic forms because they lack internal structures. * nondescript mass located inside the cell is often present and may resemble a nucleus. * no karyosome or peripheral chromatin is present. * may be differentiated from parasites because of their dark blueblack appearance when stained with iodine

Answer 57

Starch cells

Question 58

* often appear on Giemsa-stained blood film smears and may be mistaken for malarial parasites, especially the young trophozoite form. * Unlike a malarial parasite, which typically appears as a blue cytoplasm with a red chromatin, clumped or fused platelets appear in various shades of purple.

Answer 58

Clumped or fused platelets

Question 59

The major feature that distinguishes starch cells from protozoan cysts is which of the following? A. Presence of bacteria in the cytoplasm B. Unusually large size C. Shape D. Lack of defined internal structures

Answer 59

D

Question 60

* Giemsa-stain precipitate may be visible on blood smears and may be mistaken for malarial parasites. * usually bluer in color than malarial parasites and varies in size and shape.

Answer 60

Stain precipitate

Question 61

* such as Howell - Jolly bodies or Cabot’s rings, may be present on Giemsa-stained blood smears * These abnormalities may be easily distinguished from malarial parasites by their different staining characteristics.

Answer 61

Red cell abnormalities

Question 62

TOF. * Seeing few meat fibers in DFS does not necessarily means abnormalities.

Answer 62

T ## Footnote seen in Creatorrhea

Question 63

* Common crystal found in urine * Often seen in feces * CONTAMINANT from the urine

Answer 63

Calcium Oxalate crystal

Question 64

May be mistaken from amoeba

Answer 64

Air bubble and oil bubble

Question 65

Resemble egg of hookworm * SIZE – important aspect of identification

Answer 65

mite egg

Question 66

7. Which of these characteristics distinguish(es) stain precipitate from malarial parasites? A. Color B. Size C. Shape D. More than one: ___________ (specify)

Answer 66

ABC