(M) Nematoda: Secernentea: Strongylida (lecture-based) Flashcards by ASHLEY JARED DEFENSOR

Q

Phylum

A

nemathelminths (round worms)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Class

A

Nematoda

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Subclass

A

Secernentea

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Order

A

Strongylida

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Superfamily

A

Superfamily: Ancylostomatoidea
Superfamily: Metastrongyloidea

Superfamily: Ancylostomatoidea
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
Ancylostoma caninum
Ancylostoma braziliense

Superfamily: Metastrongyloidea
Angiostrongylus cantonensis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Human hookworms

A

Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Non-human hookworms

A

A. caninum
A. braziliense
A. ceylanicum

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

Diganostic

A

Eggs in feces

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

Common pattern of development

A

Eggs in feces
Rhabditiform larva hatches
Filariform larva in environment
Filariform larva penetrates skin
Adults in small intestine

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

Infective stage

A

Filariform larva

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

The Eggs are passed in the stool, they will hatch in how many days?

A

1-2 days

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

The Eggs are passed in the stool, they will hatch in 1 to 2 days to become the

A

rhabditiform larva

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

After 5-10 days, it will develop into

A

Filariform larva

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

Filariform Larva can survive for how many weeks?

A

3-4 weeks

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

What stage penetrates the skin?

A

Filariform larva

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

Reside there and mature into an adult

A

Small intestine

but before that, it went blood-lung phase

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intestinal hookworm

Some of this larva can become dormant in the intestine or the muscle.

A

A. duodenale

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

MOT

A

Manner of Transmission
* Penetration of Skin or Mucosa by the Filariform Larva.
* Ingestion of the filariform larvae in Water, Soil-contaminated Foods, or from the Fingers contaminated with Soil that contains the Filariform Larvae.
* Autoinfection is possible since the Egg may hatch inside the Intestine and thereby develop into Filariform Larval Stage.
* Through the Mammary Glands via the Milk.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Differentiation of human hookworms

Common name

A

New world hookworm (N. americanus)
Old world hookworm (A. duodenale)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Differentiation of human hookworms

Uncinariasis

A

N. americanus

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Differentiation of human hookworms

Worldwide

A

both

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Differentiation of human hookworms

Predominant in tropical countries

A

N. americanus

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Differentiation of human hookworms

Predominant in temperate regions

A

A. duodenale

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Differentiation of human hookworms

Jejunum

A

Both

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

# Differentiation of human hookworms Duodenum

N. americanus

# Differentiation of human hookworms Proximal Ileum

A. duodenale

# Differentiation of human hookworms Lifespan 15 years

N. americanus

# Differentiation of human hookworms Usually 3-5 years

N. americanus

# Differentiation of human hookworms 1-6 years

A. duodenale

# Differentiation of human hookworms Route of infection: percutaneous and oral

both

# Differentiation of human hookworms Egg produced: 6k to 10k

N. americanus

# Differentiation of human hookworms Egg produced: 25k to 30k

A. duodenale

# Differentiation of human hookworms Bloodloss .03mL/day

N. americanus

# Differentiation of human hookworms Bloodloss .15mL/day

A. duodenale

# Differentiation of human hookworms Cephalic part bent ventrally assuming a C-shape

A. duodenale

# Differentiation of human hookworms Cephalic part bent dorsally assuming an S-shape

N. americanus

# Clinical Manifestations * "Ground-itch Lesion" * Pain and itching at the site of Larval entry. * The larvae that enter the skin cause dermatitis, which is often referred as the ground-itch lesion. * There is pain and itching of the skin * The usual site of entry is between its toe webs or the its feet and lower legs. * Skin lesions are transient, which may not be noticed at all, but may have secondary bacterial

Cutaneous phase

# Clinical Manifestations * Leaving Ulcers that ooze out Blood and some Proteins. **Causes**: * Hyperperistalsis * Nausea * Vomiting * Diarrhea * Bloody-mucoid Stool * Anemia

Intestinal phase

# Clinical Manifestations create temporary leukocytosis, particularly eosinophils, and may result in pneumonitis. Symptoms of Pneumonitis * Fever * Cough * Dyspnea * Chest Pain

Lung phase

# Larva Laboratory Diagnosis

* Stool exam * Sputum * Harada mori

# Larva Treatment

* Anthelmintic drugs such as albendazole and mebendazole, are the drugs of choice. * It is usually given for 1-3 days.

* Commonly Infect Cats. * Larva migrate from skin to subcutaneous tissue; do not mature but "creep" in subcutaneous tissue.

Ancylostoma braziliense

Ancylostoma braziliense AKA

cat hookworm

# Ancylostoma braziliense MOT

Skin penetration

# Ancylostoma braziliense Treatment

Thiabendazole

# Life cycle: Ancylostoma braziliense Diagnostic stage

Coming from the Animal's eggs in the feces

# Life cycle: Ancylostoma braziliense Infective stage

Skin penetration of filariform larva

# Life cycle: Ancylostoma braziliense Definitive host

Animal

# Life cycle: Ancylostoma braziliense The Rhabditiform larva develops into what in the Environment?

filariform larva

* Commonly Infects Dogs * Wide Buccal Capsule, with 3 Pairs of Large Equal-Sized Teeth. * Eosinophilic enteritis (adult worm), itchy rash "cutaneous larva migrans".

Ancylostoma caninum

# Ancylostoma caninum AKA

dog hookworm

# Life cycle: Ancylostoma braziliense MOT

Skin Penetration of Filariform Larvae

# Ancylostoma caninum Treatment

Thiabendazole ## Footnote ``` ```

* The only Zoonotic Hookworm Species. * Able to produce Symptomatic Infections in humans, with the Majority of Cases being in Southeast Asia. * 2nd most common hookworm species infecting humans. * Comprising between 6% and 23% of Total Patent Hookworm infections based on Recent Molecular based surveys in Asia.

Ancylostoma ceylanium

* A form of Dermatitis characterized by Serpiginous, Intracutaneous Lesions due to Migration of Nematode Larva. * Usually it does not Infect Human.

Cutaneous larva migrans

# Cutaneous larva migrans Clinical manifestation

Papular, Erythematous, Pruritic Rash at entry point.

# Cutaneous larva migrans When does this occur? Narrowed Lesions, Linear, Slightly Elevated, Serpingenous with Intracutaneous tunnels.

After 2 - 3 Days

Superfamily of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Metastrongyloidea

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis AKA

Rodent lung worm

* First described by Chen (1935) in Cantonese Rats. * Identified in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a patient with Eosinophilic Meningitis. (by Nomura & Lim in Tawain in 1944) * In 1955, Mackerass and Sanders identified the Life Cycle of the Worm. * Found in China, Tahiti, Hawaii, Philippines, Sumatra, Cuba, and India.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

# Angiostrongylos cantonensis Infective stage

Accidental ingestion of gastropod or larvae

# Angiostrongylos cantonensis DF

Larvae migrate to brain

# Angiostrongylos cantonensis Where does the adult worm will live?

Pulmonary arteries

Intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Snail or slug

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis The female adult worm (pulmonary arteries) will lay eggs that hatch and yield the?

1st stage larva

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis Example of the snail or slug

A. canaliculatus

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis the Golden Apple Snail, is an important vector for A. cantonensis in China.

A. canaliculatus,

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infective stage to humans

L3 larva ## Footnote taken from the snail

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis Incidental host

Humans

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis Clinical Manifestation

Eosinophilic meningitis

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis * Patients will just present High Level of Eosinophilia. By history taking, there might be a possible history of ingestions of snails or slugs. * From the brain it can also go to the vitreous cavity in the vitreous canal infecting the eye.

Eosinophilic meningitis

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis Laboratory diagnosis

* Demonstration and identification of the larvae and young adults in the CSF. * Eosinophilia in CSF. * ELISA, CT Scan

# Angiostrongylus cantonensis Prevention & Control

Proper and Adequate Cooking of Snails. Eradication and Control of Rodents. Public Education.