(F) Cestodes: Differences of Pseudophyllidea from Cyclophyllidea (module-based)

Question 1

• flat and ribbon-like with white or yellowish color when alive
• Taxonomically, this has two orders, namely Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea
• consists of a chain of egg producing units called segments or proglottids

Answer 1

Cestodes

Question 2

consists of a chain of egg producing units

Answer 2

Segments or Proglottids

Question 3

series of segments

Answer 3

Strobila

Question 4

important structures (2), since infection persists as long as these parts remain attached to the host’s intestinal wall, even though the greater portion of the strobila may have become free and evacuated

Answer 4

Scolex and neck

Question 5

CESTODES

TOF. Typically, the adult is in the middle portion of the small intestine of its host.

Answer 5

T

Question 6

serves as an anchor structure and for orientation of the strobila

part

Answer 6

scolex or head

Question 7

• behind scolex
• serves as the growth region
• where segments originate

Answer 7

Neck

Question 8

Segments may be classified as?

Answer 8

immature, mature and gravid

Question 8

This are the ones that detach and come with the stool or disintegrate.

anong portion ng gravid proglottids

Answer 8

terminal portions of the gravid proglottids

Question 8

Match: Classification

1. Larger units, each of which contains full set of male and female genital organs Follows the first segment
2. Farthest from the scolex whose primary genitals are reduced or atrophied due to the enlarged uterus containing numerous eggs
3. Segments develop from the distal end of the neck where units are just differentiating and where the sexual organs are still developing

A. Immature
B. Mature
C. Gravid
D. Intermediate

Answer 8

BCA

Question 8

Detachment of segments can occur singly or in series. The lost segments will be replenished by the?

what body part

Answer 8

neck

by growing immature segments to replace the lost ones

Question 9

Match

1. Broad and wide; Common atrium (genital and uterine pore) at the median of the ventral side, uterus inside is piled, coiled or rosette at the midline.
2. Transversely quadrate/rhomboid with 4 cup- like suckers, may or may not have rostellum, which may or may not have spines or hooks and, if with hooks it is referred as armed scolex
3. Longer and has lateral genital pore; Atrium (genital pore only) at the lateral margins, which may be on the same side or alternate. Uterus is tubular, which may end blindly; has 2 atriums
4. Narrow, spindle, or spoon shaped with an elongate groove at mid- ventral side called bothria or suctorial groove or sula

A. Scolex (Pseudophyllidea)
B. Scolex (Cyclophyllidea)
C. Mature Segment (P)
D. Mature Segment (C)

Answer 9

CBDA

Question 10

1. More concentrated at the center; Uterus is engorged with eggs causing segment to be much bigger and tends to be oval- shaped. Other structures atrophy
2. Spherical, non-operculate and almost fully matured when released from the segments.
3. Oval-shaped, operculate and immature when laid.
4. Uterus develops several lateral branches, filled-up with eggs causing the segment much bigger and thicker than the mature proglottid.

A. Gravid segment (P)
B. Gravid segment (C)
C. Egg (P)
D. Egg (C)
E. NOTA

Answer 10

ADCB

Question 11

1. Coracidium – ciliated embryo
2. Embryophore – ciliated
3. Occurs in the water
4. Occurs after ingested by the appropriate host

A. Hatching (P)
B. Hatching (C)
C. Embryo (P)
D. Embryo (C)
E. NOTA

Answer 11

C
E (should be non-ciliated)
A
B

Question 12

Fully embryonated egg contains an oncosphere (hooked ball), which has 3 pairs of hooklets (thus called?

Answer 12

“hexacanth embryo”

Question 13

Larvae of Tapeworms

• can be globular or elongate with an invaginated scolex inside its solid body and with a vestige of the embryo with hooklets, called cercomere, situated at the caudal part.

Answer 13

Procercoid (P)

Question 14

Larvae of Tapeworms

elongate with scolex, which may either be invaginated or free into the neck part of the larvae and may look like a miniature of the adult worm with markings of the would be adult.

Answer 14

Plerocercoid or sparganum (P)

Question 15

Larvae of Tapeworms

Procercoid can be globular or elongate with an invaginated scolex inside its solid body and with a vestige of the embryo with hooklets, called?

Answer 15

cercomere (P)

Question 16

Larvae of Tapeworms

with a single scolex invaginated into the proximal portion of the large bladder

Answer 16

Cysticercus (C)

Question 17

Larvae of Tapeworms

has a small body at the anterior part with an invaginated scolex within the cavity and a solid elongate caudal portion.

Answer 17

Cysticercoid (C)

Question 18

Larvae of Tapeworms

is globular-shaped, with the shell of which has an inner layer of germinal epithelium where protoscolices arises, which in turn are projected into the fluid-filled cavity. The fluid inside is very potent anaphylatoxin.

Answer 18

Coenurus (C)

Question 19

Larvae of Tapeworms

is globular- shaped with the germinal epithelium giving rise to smaller daughter cysts within the fluid-filled cavity, which in turn giv rise to protoscolices. Detached daughter cyst (brood capsule) produces small cysts within, which will have the protoscolices. Similar with coenurus, the fluid content of hydatid is a very potent anaphylatoxin

Answer 19

Hydatid or Echinococcus (C)

Question 20

Match Larvae of Tapeworms

1. Sparganum
2. Echinococcus
3. Cysticercoid
4. Procercoid
5. Coenurus

A. Solid larvae
B. Vesicular Larvae

Answer 20

A, B, B, A, B

Question 21

Internal Structures

consists of a ganglion cell located inside the mid-part of the scolex with nerve fibers going up and downward to the rest of the strobila.

Answer 21

Nervous

Question 22

# Internal Structures starts with solenocytes (flame cells) scattered within the segment, each of which is joined with the others with a capillary, which in turn joins together to form collecting tubules that drain in a canal system consisting of longitudinal canals on the sides of the segments interconnected with transverse canals on the upper- and lower part of each segment. The end part of the longitudinal canals, at the terminal segment, serves as the excretory pore.

Answer 22

Excretion

Question 23

# Internal Structures each segment is considered a reproductive unit, particularly the mature segment, which contains the uterus at the mid portion, ovaries at the base of the uterus, and vitelline glands below

Answer 23

Reproduction

Question 24

# Internal Structures there is no specific structure within the segment that serves as digestive tract and nutrition is through absorption of nutrients

Answer 24

Digestion

Question 25

# Internal Structures: Excretion he end part of the longitudinal canals, at the terminal segment, serves as the?

Answer 25

excretory pore

Question 26

# Internal Structures: Reproduction each segment is considered a reproductive unit, particularly the mature segment which contains: 1. Uterus 2. Ovaries 3. Vitelline glands A. base B. mid portion C. below | match their loc

Answer 26

BAC

Question 27

# Internal Structures: Reproduction Secrete ground substance for the eggshell

Answer 27

Vitelline glands

Question 28

# Internal Structures: Reproduction are scattered within the same segment and thus, tapeworms are regarded as hermaphrodite

Answer 28

Testicular follicles

Question 29

# Internal Structures: Digestion nutrition is through absorption of nutrients via the?

Answer 29

Skin of the entire worm, which is provided with microtriches

Question 30

# Internal Structures: Digestion simulating intestinal villi of higher form of animals

Answer 30

microtriches

Question 31

# Clinical Aspect of Tapeworm Infection This stage is likely to produce serious conditions because the larvae may be lodged in critical foci such as the brain, eyes, or elsewhere in the body and may grow to large masses producing pressure defects on adjacent structures, such as with coenurus and hydatid larvae infections.

Answer 31

Larval

Question 32

# Clinical Aspect of Tapeworm Infection when ruptured in situ, can lead to anaphylaxis or toxicity, since the fluid content is a potent anaphylatoxin capable of causing shock. | type of larvae

Answer 32

coenurus and hydatid