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Diagnostic Parasitology > (M) Lab 1: Plasmodium (Malaria) > Flashcards

(M) Lab 1: Plasmodium (Malaria) Flashcards

1
Q

The vectors of malaria are species of mosquitoes under
genus?

A

Anopheles

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2
Q

Mal means

A

Bad

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3
Q

In the Philippines, vectors of malaria include:

A

Anopoheles flavirostris, A. minimus, A.
mangyanus, A. balabacensis, and A. dirus.

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4
Q

(gender) mosquitos can transmit the disease

A

female

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5
Q

TOF. Males feed on animals’ blood, including humans, while the females feed on plant juices.

A

F (reverse)

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6
Q

Cases of malaria

definitive/ final host

A

mosquitos

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7
Q

cases of malaria

intermediate host

A

Humans

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8
Q

The mosquirto carries the infectiva stages to man called?

A

Sporozoites

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9
Q

The developmental stages of the malaria found in the blood are as follows:

A

Trophozoite, schizont & gametocyte

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10
Q

Youngest and smallest stage of malaria.

A

Young trophozoite

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11
Q

The parasite, inside the host RBC, is called?

with a single chromatin dot and small amount or thin bluish ring of cytoplasm thus, also referred as ring form.

A

young trophozoite

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12
Q

TOF. Growing trophozoites still has a single chromatin dot, but there is already
increased in the amount of cytoplasm becoming greater than the young trophozoite stage.

A

T

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13
Q

The young trophozoite will further develop becoming a?

A

growing trophozoite

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14
Q

The cytoplasm of the parasite almost filling up the entire red blood cell with a small vacuole near the single chromatin dot.

A

Mature Trophozoite

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15
Q

Schizont came from the word schism means?

A

Splitting & division

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16
Q

The single chromatin dot, in mature trophozoite stage, undergoes binary fission to become 2, which is true for all species.

A

Schizont stage: Young

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17
Q

Schizont stage:

With more than 2 (usually 3) chromatin dots but, less than that in the next stage of development.

A

Growing schizont

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18
Q

Chromatin dots almost filling up the entire red blood cell.

A

Mature schizont

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19
Q

Schizont stage:

Each species has its own number of chromatin dots each of which becomes a?

A

merozoite

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20
Q

Chromatin dots

Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale:

A

12-24

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21
Q

Chromatin dots

Plasmodium malariae

A

6-12

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22
Q

Chromatin dots

Plasmodium falciparum

A

18-24

may also reach 32

23
Q

The host’s cell membrane becomes thin, at the mature schizont stage, causing?

A

rupture of RBC

24
Q

The host’s cell membrane becomes thin, at the mature schizont stage, causing rupture of the RBC resulting to release of the?

A

erythrocytic merozoites

25
Q

are considered the pathogenic stages, since they are the ones that cause destruction of red blood cells, continuously

A

erythrocytic merozoites

26
Q

After few generations or 2 or more ES cycle, for all species, some of the merozoites do not become young trophozoites but instead undergo

A

gametocytogenesis

formation of sex cells

27
Q

some of the merozoites do not become young trophozoites but instead undergo gametocytogenesis (formation of sex cells) and be differentiated into?

A

immature sex cells (gametocytes)

28
Q
  • Immature female sex cell
  • There is the presence of large, compact chromatin dots
    located at the periphery.
A

Macrogametocyte

29
Q
  • Immature male sex cell
  • There is the presence of scattered chromatin dots at the
    center.
A

Microgametocyte

30
Q

Microgametocyte in mosquitos is called?

A

microgamete

31
Q

Macrogametocyte in mosquitos is called?

A

Macrogamete

32
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Delicate, bluish ring
    (ring form)
  • Chromatin dot or granule/s: Single,
    pinkish/reddish in color
  • Size of host cell: No change or
    normal in size
A

PLASMODIUM VIVAX Young Trophozoite

33
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Increased amount of
    bluish cytoplasm or amoeboid
  • Chromatin dot or granule/s: Single,
    pinkish/reddish in color
  • Size of host cell: Infected red blood
    cell may be enlarged than non-
    infected ones
  • Stipplings: Pink or pink - orange Schuffner’s dots on the red
    cell membrane.
A

PLASMODIUM VIVAX
Growing Trophozoite

34
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Cytoplasm: Amoeboid bluish
cytoplasm almost filling up the entire
red blood cell
* Chromatin dot or granule/s: Single,
pinkish/reddish in color
* Size of host cell: Infected red blood
cell may be enlarged than non-
infected ones

A

P. vivax Mature Trophozoite

35
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Cytoplasm: Increased amount of
amoeboid bluish cytoplasm almost
filling up the entire cytoplasm
* Chromatin dots: 2 dots,
pinkish/reddish in color
* Size of host cell: Infected red blood
cell is enlarged
* Pigments: Plenty of dark-brown fine granules or rods.
* Stipplings: Plenty of Schuffner’s dots on red cell membrane.

A

vivax young schizont

36
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Abundant loose or
    amoeboid bluish cytoplasm
  • Chromatin dots: 3 dots, reddish in
    color
  • Size of host cell: Infected red blood
    cell is enlarged
  • Pigments: Plenty of dark-brown fine
    granules or rods.
  • Stipplings: Plenty of Schuffner’s dots on red cell membrane
A

Vivax growing schizont

37
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Loose or amoeboid
    bluish cytoplasm almost filling up the
    entire red blood cell
  • Chromatin dots: 12-24 dots, red or
    reddish-violet in color haphazardly
    distributed inside the host cell.
  • Size of host cell: Infected red blood
    cell is markedly enlarged
  • Pigments: Abundant dark-brown fine granules or rods.
  • Stipplings: Plenty of Schuffner’s dots on red cell membrane.
A

Vivax mature schizont

38
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Amoeboid bluish cytoplasm almost filling up the
    entire red blood cell
  • Chromatin dots: Large, compact or irregularly shaped,
    located near the periphery (macrogametocyte) or scattered
    at the center (microgametocyte)
  • Size of host cell: Infected red blood cell is enlarged
A

Vivax Gametocyte

39
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Bluish ring (ring form)
  • Chromatin dot or granule/s: Single, pinkish/reddish in color
  • Size: No change or normal in size
  • Pigments: Coarse brown colored granules.
  • Stipplings: Fine Ziemann’s dots begin to appear on the
    membrane of the red cell.
  • Produces the least degree of parasitemia since it is
    difficult to identify
A

Plasma malariae Young Trophozoite

40
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Increased amount of
    bluish, compact, occupies about ½ of
    the red cell. May elongate across the
    host RBC, forming a band-form
    (diagnostic)
  • Chromatin dot: Large, single,
    reddish in color
  • Size of host cell: No change or normal in size
  • Pigments: Coarse brown colored granules.
  • Stipplings: Fine Ziemann’s dots begin to appear on the
    membrane of the red cell.
A

Plasma malariae Growing Trophozoite

41
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Increased amount of bluish cytoplasm
  • Chromatin dot: Single, pinkish/reddish in color
  • Size of host cell: No change or normal in size
  • Pigments: Coarse brown colored granules.
  • Stipplings: Fine Ziemann’s dots begin to appear on the
    membrane of the red cell.
A

Malariae Mature trophozoite

42
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Increased, compact, bluish cytoplasm
  • Chromatin dots: 2 dots, reddish in color
  • Size of host cell: No change or normal in size
  • Pigments: Plenty coarse brown colored granules.
  • Stipplings: Fine Ziemman’s dots on membrane of red cell,
    more abundant than earlier stages.
A

Malariae Young Schizont

43
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Increased, compact, bluish cytoplasm
  • Chromatin dot or granule/s: 3 dots, pinkish/reddish in color
  • Size of host cell: No change or normal in size
  • Pigments: Plenty coarse brown colored granules.
  • Stipplings: Fine Ziemman’s dots on membrane of red cell,
    more abundant than earlier stages.
A

Malariae Growing Schizont

44
Q
  • Cytoplasm: Compact, deep blue,
    divided into each of the chromatin
    dots.
  • Chromatin dot or granule/s: 6-12
    dots, reddish in color, often
    arranged in rosette or daisy head
    or marguerite pattern (diagnostic).
  • Size of host cell: No change or
    normal in size Rosette form
  • Pigments: coarse brown aggregated
    mass of granules often at the center of the merozoites.
  • Stipplings: Fine Ziemman’s dots on membrane of red cell,
    more abundant than earlier stages
A

Plasmodium malariae mature schizont

45
Q

Identify form

A

Rosette form

46
Q

Whose species plasmodia is this diagnostic feature? also state the stage.

A

P. malariae mature Schizont

47
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Compact, bluish
    cytoplasm
  • Chromatin dots: Spherical mass,
    but may be irregular, often situated
    near the periphery of the cell
    (macrogametocyte) or scattered at
    the center (microgametocyte)
  • Size of host cell: No change or normal in size
  • Pigments: Prominent
  • Stipplings: Prominent Ziemann’s dots
A

P. malariae gametocyte

48
Q

Produces the highest degree of parasitemia since it is the easiest to identify

A

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

49
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Cytoplasm: Bluish color and
    makes the parasite to look like a
    ring thus, called ring forms.
  • Pleomorphic forms:
    (diagnostic) may look like a
    semi-colon, an exclamation
    mark, figure of 8, or like a
    sparrow.
  • Chromatin dot or granule/s: Single, may be 2, red or violet in color.
  • Applique or acole form: chromatin dot and its cytoplasm
    are on the periphery of the host cell
  • Size of host cell: No change or normal in size
  • Multiple infection: a single red cell may contain more than
    one parasite (may also be seen in other species but to a
    much less degree).
  • Produces the highest degree of parasitemia since it is
    the easiest to identify
A

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM Young Trophozoite

50
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Intermediate stages are not found in peripheral blood, only in the internal organs. If there is presence of these
stages, it is a sign of overwhelming infection

A

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM Growing Trophozoite

51
Q

TOF. There is no mature trophozoite, young schizont, growing schizont and mature schizont in Plasmodium malariae.

A

F (falciparum)

52
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

  • Stage that destroys the
    infected RBC
  • Microgametocyte
    o Cytoplasm: pinkish-blue or
    deep violet-red in color
    o Chromatin dots: diffuse,
    reddish granules often at the
    center. Organism is kidney,
    lima bean, or sausage-shaped with blunt ends but can be slightly pointed occasionally.
    o Size of host cell: normal-sized, but only the outline is usually seen.
    o Pigments: scattered granules or tiny rods
A

P. falciparum Gametocyte

53
Q

SPECIES OF PLASMODIA AND THEIR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

o Cytoplasm: deep blue or bluish lavender in color
o Chromatin dots: reddish and compact mass at the center. Organism is crescent-
shaped, ends may enter be rounded or pointed.
o Size of host cell: normal-sized, although only the outline is seen
o Pigments: large granules

A

P. malariae Macrogametocyte

Diagnostic Parasitology (36 decks)

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