(F) Cestodes: T. solium and saginata of Cyclophyllidea (module-based)

Question 1

• It has a cosmopolitan distribution
• larval worm infection, called cysticercosis is possible with this species
• some group of people that do not eat pork because of their tradition are unlikely to become infected

Answer 1

TAENIA SOLIUM

Question 2

TAENIA SOLIUM AKA

Answer 2

Pork tapeworm

Question 3

TAENIA SOLIUM

larval worm infection is called?

Answer 3

cysticercosis

Question 4

TAENIA SOLIUM

Where does the adult inhabit?

Answer 4

• upper part of the jejunum with its scolex attached to the mucosa
• body folded back and forth in the lumen of the intestine

Question 5

TAENIA SOLIUM

life span

Answer 5

may be more than 25 years.

Question 6

TAENIA SOLIUM

Definitive host and intermediate host

Answer 6

Man is the usual definitive host. Pigs are the intermediate host.

Question 7

TAENIA SOLIUM

source of the infective stage

Answer 7

oink oink

Question 8

TAENIA SOLIUM

Size of adult worm

Answer 8

2-7 meters long

Question 9

TAENIA SOLIUM

Match Morphology:
1. broader than long
2. nearly square
3. longer than broad
4. alternate irregularly at the lateral margins of the segments
5. elliptical groups of follicles, median in position behind the ovary

A. genital pores
B. vitellaria
C. Immature segments
D. mature proglottids
E. gravid segment

Answer 9

CDEAB

Question 10

TAENIA SOLIUM: MORPHOLOGY

usual number of distinct proglottids

Answer 10

less than 1000

Question 11

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

MOT of Man

Answer 11

ingestion of inadequately cooked pork with cysticercus cellulosae larvae

p’wede rin embryonated egg

need complete

Question 12

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

Stomach juices digest the pork causing the release of the larvae, will evaginate their scolices when they reach the?

Answer 12

upper level of the small intestine

Question 13

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

The worm attaches, by means of the scolex, to the wall of the small intestine and becomes adult after how many weeks?

Answer 13

5-12 weeks

Question 14

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

Eggs escape from the ruptured uterus of the gravid proglottids and are, together with feces deposited in?

Answer 14

SOIL

Question 15

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

MOT of pigs

Answer 15

ingestion of the embryonated egg

Question 16

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

TOF. The egg hatches as it passes in the duodenum and jejunum of the pig.

Answer 16

T

Question 17

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

What penetrates the wall of the intestine to enter the mesenteric venules

Answer 17

Released oncosphere

Question 18

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

Released oncosphere penetrates the wall of the intestine to enter the mesenteric venules and carried throughout the body where it develops into the?

Answer 18

cysticercus cellulosae larvae

Question 19

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

TOF. Taeniasis solium produces no serious damage or grave manifestation.

Answer 19

T

Question 20

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

It may produce slight local inflammation of the intestinal mucosa due to mechanical irritation by the? (2)

Answer 20

strobila and the attached scolex

Question 21

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Question 22

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

found in practically all organs and tissues of man and symptoms vary according to the number of the larva present as well as their location

Answer 22

Cysticercus cellulosae

Question 23

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Common locations of Cysticercus cellulosae

Answer 23

subcutaneous and intermuscular tissues

Question 24

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

resemble small lipomas

Answer 24

Subcutaneous cysts

Question 25

removed surgically usually for diagnostic purposes

Answer 25

Subcutaneous cysts

Question 26

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS The larva provokes a typical sequence of local cellular reactions that include infiltration of? | five

Answer 26

neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cell, and giant cells

Question 27

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Cysticercosis may also involve the eyes, brain, liver, lungs, and abdominal cavity. Except in the?

Answer 27

Except in the eye, ventricles of the brain and subarachnoid spaces of the cranium and rachi, the cysticercus is surrounded with a fibrous capsule.

Question 28

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Cellular response is followed with?

Answer 28

fibrosis and necrosis ## Footnote ibrosis and necrosis of the capsule with eventual caseation or calcification of the larvae

Question 29

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS It usually involves the voluntary muscles and there may be?

Answer 29

myositis with fever and eosinophilia

Question 30

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS non-encapsulated and may actively change shape with periodic extroversion and introversion of the scolex

Answer 30

Living cysticerci

Question 31

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS involves the vitreous and anterior chamber of the eyes.

Answer 31

Ocular cysticercosis

Question 32

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS TOF. Symptoms may consist of discomfort due to the shadow cast by the larva in front of the retina. Unless it is removed, it will eventually result to uveitis, iritis, retinitis, choroidal atrophy, palpebral conjunctivitis, or cyst formation depending on its location.

Answer 32

T

Question 33

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS generally, well tolerated, and destroys the parasite to leave a calcified nodule

Answer 33

Cellular reaction

Question 34

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS may experience intra-orbital pain, flashes of light, grotesque shapes in the visual field, and blurring and loss of vision

Answer 34

Ocular cysticercosis

Question 35

# TAENIA SOLIUM: TREATMENT Prevention and Control

Answer 35

* Cooking and processing of pork * Proper and thorough inspection of pork * Environmental sanitation * Complete and early treatment of infected individuals

Question 36

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS most common manifestation

Answer 36

Convulsion

Question 37

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS may also involve the bones, which may lead to fractures

Answer 37

Cysticerci

Question 38

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS If the parasite dies, this develops that may endanger the eye

Answer 38

intense inflammation

Question 39

# TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS the larva may involve the cerebral cortex, meninges, ventricles, and, less often, the cerebral substance.

Answer 39

cerebral cysticercosis

Question 40

# TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS Demonstration

Answer 40

scolex with armed rostellum

Question 41

* It produces taeniasis saginata or beef tapeworm infection * a cosmopolitan distribution, and, in most places, its prevalence is greater than that of T. solium

Answer 41

TAENIA SAGINATA

Question 42

# TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS also helpful since the larvae in the tissues will show calcification

Answer 42

Radiologic examinations (CT scan, MRI)

Question 43

# TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS Taeniasis solium is diagnosed by identification of?

Answer 43

egg in feces

Question 44

# TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS Immunologic tests

Answer 44

LISA, Western blot, and IHA

Question 45

# TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS TOF. Recovery and identification of the gravid and/or mature segment is non-specific than identification of the eggs.

Answer 45

F (more spec)

Question 46

# TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS Recovery and identification

Answer 46

gravid and/or mature segment

Question 47

# TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS Diagnostic

Answer 47

cysticercosis inspection of a whitish or grayish mass seen in the anterior or vitreous chamber of the eye with impaired vision | ocular cysticercosis

Question 48

# TAENIA SOLIUM: TREATMENT used for taeniasis solium

Answer 48

Praziquantel, Niclosamide, Albendazole, Mebendazole, Paromomycin ## Footnote according sa lecture, tatlo lang Praziquantel, Niclosamide, Albendazole,

Question 49

# TAENIA SOLIUM: TREATMENT TOF. Taeniasis solium may be accompanied with cysticercosis due to internal autoinfection but pure cysticercosis cannot produce adult worm infection.

Answer 49

T

Question 50

# TAENIA SOLIUM: TREATMENT Treatment for Larval infection

Answer 50

* Excision ASAP before it dies and tiggers an allergic reaction * Praziquantel

Question 51

# TAENIA SAGINATA Adults inhabit the

Answer 51

Small intestine

Question 52

# TAENIA SAGINATA Adult worm measures?

Answer 52

more than 25 meters long (often 5 meters)

Question 53

# TAENIA SAGINATA no. of proglottids

Answer 53

approximately 1000 to 2000

Question 54

# TAENIA SAGINATA MOT to Man

Answer 54

ingests cysticercus bovis larva contained in raw or improperly cooked beef

Question 55

# TAENIA SAGINATA Maturation

Answer 55

small intestine

Question 56

# TAENIA SAGINATA Eggs escape from the gravid segments and are evacuated with the stool into the?

Answer 56

soil

Question 57

# TAENIA SAGINATA MOT to cattles

Answer 57

Ingestion of mature egg contained in the stool in the soil

Question 58

# TAENIA SAGINATA ingested by cattle and reaches the? | where it hatches to release the oncosphere

Answer 58

Duodenum

Question 59

# TAENIA SAGINATA The oncosphere penetrates the intestinal wall, goes into the mesenteric venules or lymphatics, and is carried by the blood circulation into different sites of the cow’s body, although more commonly in striated muscles. The organisms transform into?

Answer 59

cysticercus bovis larva

Question 60

# TAENIA SAGINATA TOF. Taeniasis saginata usually occurs with a single worm infection only.

Answer 60

T

Question 61

# TAENIA SAGINATA TOF. There is no larval infection among humans.

Answer 61

T

Question 62

# TAENIA SAGINATA Patients may complain of epigastric pain, vague abdominal discomfort, vertigo, nervousness, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea.

Answer 62

wala skl

Question 63

# TAENIA SAGINATA Individual proglottid may be lodged in the appendix causing

Answer 63

acute appendicitis

Question 64

# TAENIA SAGINATA common complaints

Answer 64

discomfort and embarrassment due to the crawling segments

Question 65

# TAENIA SAGINATA: Diagnosis 1. Indicate Taeniasis but impossible to diagnose the species 2. May give higher recovery of eggs than examining the stool 3. To differentiate between taenia saginata and taenia solium A. Scotch tape technique B. Identification of the egg C. Demonstration of gravid proglottids D. Demonstration of unarmed scolex

Answer 65

BAD

Question 66

# TAENIA SAGINATA: Treatment and Control

Answer 66

* Treatment: Praziquantel & Mebendazole * Prevention: Adequate treatment of patient; Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation; Proper inspection and cooking of beef; Thorough processing and cooking of beef

Question 67

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA  Roughly quadrate with 4 ventral/deep cup-like suckers  A conspicuous rounded provided with a double row of about 22 - 36 large and small hooks (armed scolex).

Answer 67

Scolex (solium)

Question 68

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA  Quadrate with 4 hemispherical suckers, apical region of which is somewhat concave and superficially pigmented.  Uterine pore seen laterally  There are no hooks (unarmed scolex).

Answer 68

Scolex (SAGINATA)

Question 69

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA  Somewhat rectangular-shaped, with a genital pore in one of the lateral sides.  There are two ovaries, no accessory ovarian lobe and 300 - 400 testicular follicles.

Answer 69

Mature segments (SAGINATA)

Question 70

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA  Ovary, in the posterior 3rd of the segment, consists of 2 large, symmetrical lobes and an accessory lobe on the side of the genital pore.  Testes consist of 150 - 200 follicles distributed at the dorsal plane.

Answer 70

Mature Segment (solium)

Question 71

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA  7 - 13 (usually 9) main lateral branches on each side of the main uterine trunk at the middle (diagnostic).  The terminal gravid proglottid becomes separated from the strobila and passes out in the feces or migrates down by itself towards the anus.

Answer 71

Gravid Segment (solium)

Question 72

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA  15 – 20 lateral branches on each side (diagnostic)  Other structures have atrophied due to the markedly enlarged uterus  There is a genital pore at the lateral margin

Answer 72

Gravid Segments (saginata)

Question 73

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA  31 - 43 um in diameter, yellowish – brown or pale buff to walnut-brown color.  truncated  Spherical or sub-spherical, with the thick eggshell consisting of many truncated prisms cemented together and provided with a thin hyaline embryonic membrane.  Contains a fully developed oncosphere with 3 pairs of hooklets.

Answer 73

Egg (solium)

Question 74

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA  5 – 8 x 10 mm, ovoid to spherical, with translucent cyst  The milky-white bladder worm has an opaque scolex that is invaginated into the bladder and the scolex has a circle of hooklets (armed) has 4 cup-like suckers.

Answer 74

Cysticercus cellulosae (larval stage) - solium

Question 75

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA Cannot be distinguished from the egg of Taenia solium.

Answer 75

Egg (sagi)

Question 76

# TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA  7.5-10mmx4-6mm  Ovoid with unarmed scolex  Milky-white or opalescent in color

Answer 76

Larva (cysticercus bovis) - sagi