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Diagnostic Parasitology > (F) Cestodes: T. solium and saginata of Cyclophyllidea (module-based) > Flashcards

(F) Cestodes: T. solium and saginata of Cyclophyllidea (module-based) Flashcards

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1
Q
  • It has a cosmopolitan distribution
  • larval worm infection, called cysticercosis is possible with this species
  • some group of people that do not eat pork because of their tradition are unlikely to become infected
A

TAENIA SOLIUM

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2
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM AKA

A

Pork tapeworm

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3
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM

larval worm infection is called?

A

cysticercosis

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4
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM

Where does the adult inhabit?

A
  • upper part of the jejunum with its scolex attached to the mucosa
  • body folded back and forth in the lumen of the intestine
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5
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM

life span

A

may be more than 25 years.

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6
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM

Definitive host and intermediate host

A

Man is the usual definitive host. Pigs are the intermediate host.

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7
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM

source of the infective stage

A

oink oink

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8
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM

Size of adult worm

A

2-7 meters long

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9
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM

Match Morphology:
1. broader than long
2. nearly square
3. longer than broad
4. alternate irregularly at the lateral margins of the segments
5. elliptical groups of follicles, median in position behind the ovary

A. genital pores
B. vitellaria
C. Immature segments
D. mature proglottids
E. gravid segment

A

CDEAB

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10
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: MORPHOLOGY

usual number of distinct proglottids

A

less than 1000

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11
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

MOT of Man

A

ingestion of inadequately cooked pork with cysticercus cellulosae larvae

p’wede rin embryonated egg

need complete

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12
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

Stomach juices digest the pork causing the release of the larvae, will evaginate their scolices when they reach the?

A

upper level of the small intestine

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13
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

The worm attaches, by means of the scolex, to the wall of the small intestine and becomes adult after how many weeks?

A

5-12 weeks

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14
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

Eggs escape from the ruptured uterus of the gravid proglottids and are, together with feces deposited in?

A

SOIL

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15
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

MOT of pigs

A

ingestion of the embryonated egg

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16
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

TOF. The egg hatches as it passes in the duodenum and jejunum of the pig.

A

T

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17
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

What penetrates the wall of the intestine to enter the mesenteric venules

A

Released oncosphere

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18
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LIFE CYCLE

Released oncosphere penetrates the wall of the intestine to enter the mesenteric venules and carried throughout the body where it develops into the?

A

cysticercus cellulosae larvae

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19
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

TOF. Taeniasis solium produces no serious damage or grave manifestation.

A

T

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20
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

It may produce slight local inflammation of the intestinal mucosa due to mechanical irritation by the? (2)

A

strobila and the attached scolex

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21
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

A
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22
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

found in practically all organs and tissues of man and symptoms vary according to the number of the larva present as well as their location

A

Cysticercus cellulosae

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23
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Common locations of Cysticercus cellulosae

A

subcutaneous and intermuscular tissues

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24
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

resemble small lipomas

A

Subcutaneous cysts

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25
Q

removed surgically usually for diagnostic purposes

A

Subcutaneous cysts

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26
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

The larva provokes a typical sequence of local cellular reactions that include infiltration of?

five

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cell, and giant cells

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27
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Cysticercosis may also involve the eyes, brain, liver, lungs, and abdominal cavity. Except in the?

A

Except in the eye, ventricles of the brain and subarachnoid spaces of the cranium and rachi, the cysticercus is surrounded with a fibrous capsule.

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28
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Cellular response is followed with?

A

fibrosis and necrosis

ibrosis and necrosis of the capsule with eventual caseation or calcification of the larvae

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29
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

It usually involves the voluntary muscles and there may be?

A

myositis with fever and eosinophilia

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30
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

non-encapsulated and may actively change shape with periodic extroversion and introversion of the scolex

A

Living cysticerci

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31
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

involves the vitreous and anterior chamber of the eyes.

A

Ocular cysticercosis

32
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

TOF. Symptoms may consist of discomfort due to the shadow cast by the larva in front of the retina. Unless it is removed, it will eventually result to uveitis, iritis, retinitis, choroidal atrophy, palpebral conjunctivitis, or cyst formation depending on its location.

33
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

generally, well tolerated, and destroys the parasite to leave a calcified nodule

A

Cellular reaction

34
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

may experience intra-orbital pain, flashes of light, grotesque shapes in the visual field, and blurring and loss of vision

A

Ocular cysticercosis

35
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: TREATMENT

Prevention and Control

A
  • Cooking and processing of pork
  • Proper and thorough inspection of pork
  • Environmental sanitation
  • Complete and early treatment of infected individuals
36
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

most common manifestation

A

Convulsion

37
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

may also involve the bones, which may lead to fractures

A

Cysticerci

38
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

If the parasite dies, this develops that may endanger the eye

A

intense inflammation

39
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

the larva may involve the cerebral cortex, meninges, ventricles, and, less often, the cerebral substance.

A

cerebral cysticercosis

40
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS

Demonstration

A

scolex with armed rostellum

41
Q
  • It produces taeniasis saginata or beef tapeworm infection
  • a cosmopolitan distribution, and, in most places, its prevalence is greater than that of T. solium
A

TAENIA SAGINATA

42
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS

also helpful since the larvae in the tissues will show calcification

A

Radiologic examinations (CT scan, MRI)

43
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS

Taeniasis solium is diagnosed by identification of?

A

egg in feces

44
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS

Immunologic tests

A

LISA, Western blot, and IHA

45
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS

TOF. Recovery and identification of the gravid and/or mature segment is non-specific than identification of the eggs.

A

F (more spec)

46
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS

Recovery and identification

A

gravid and/or mature segment

47
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: LAB DIAGNOSIS

Diagnostic

A

cysticercosis inspection of a whitish or grayish mass seen in the anterior or vitreous chamber of the eye with impaired vision

ocular cysticercosis

48
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: TREATMENT

used for taeniasis solium

A

Praziquantel, Niclosamide, Albendazole, Mebendazole, Paromomycin

according sa lecture, tatlo lang

Praziquantel, Niclosamide, Albendazole,

49
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: TREATMENT

TOF. Taeniasis solium may be accompanied with cysticercosis due to internal autoinfection but pure cysticercosis cannot produce adult worm infection.

50
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM: TREATMENT

Treatment for Larval infection

A
  • Excision ASAP before it dies and tiggers an allergic reaction
  • Praziquantel
51
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

Adults inhabit the

A

Small intestine

52
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

Adult worm measures?

A

more than 25 meters long (often 5 meters)

53
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

no. of proglottids

A

approximately 1000 to 2000

54
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

MOT to Man

A

ingests cysticercus bovis larva contained in raw or improperly cooked beef

55
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

Maturation

A

small intestine

56
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

Eggs escape from the gravid segments and are evacuated with the stool into the?

57
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

MOT to cattles

A

Ingestion of mature egg contained in the stool in the soil

58
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

ingested by cattle and reaches the?

where it hatches to release the oncosphere

59
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

The oncosphere penetrates the intestinal wall, goes into the mesenteric venules or lymphatics, and is carried by the blood circulation into different sites of the cow’s body, although more commonly in striated muscles. The organisms transform into?

A

cysticercus bovis larva

60
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

TOF. Taeniasis saginata usually occurs with a single worm infection only.

61
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

TOF. There is no larval infection among humans.

62
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

Patients may complain of epigastric pain, vague abdominal discomfort, vertigo, nervousness, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea.

63
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

Individual proglottid may be lodged in the appendix causing

A

acute appendicitis

64
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA

common complaints

A

discomfort and embarrassment due to the crawling segments

65
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA: Diagnosis

  1. Indicate Taeniasis but impossible to diagnose the species
  2. May give higher recovery of eggs than examining the stool
  3. To differentiate between taenia saginata and taenia solium

A. Scotch tape technique
B. Identification of the egg
C. Demonstration of gravid proglottids
D. Demonstration of unarmed scolex

66
Q

TAENIA SAGINATA:

Treatment and Control

A
  • Treatment: Praziquantel & Mebendazole
  • Prevention: Adequate treatment of patient; Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation; Proper inspection and cooking of beef; Thorough processing and cooking of beef
67
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

 Roughly quadrate with 4 ventral/deep cup-like suckers
 A conspicuous rounded provided with a double row of about 22 - 36 large and small hooks (armed scolex).

A

Scolex (solium)

68
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

 Quadrate with 4 hemispherical suckers, apical region of which is somewhat concave and superficially pigmented.
 Uterine pore seen laterally
 There are no hooks (unarmed scolex).

A

Scolex (SAGINATA)

69
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

 Somewhat rectangular-shaped, with a genital pore in one of the lateral sides.
 There are two ovaries, no accessory ovarian lobe and 300 - 400 testicular follicles.

A

Mature segments (SAGINATA)

70
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

 Ovary, in the posterior 3rd of the segment, consists of 2 large, symmetrical lobes and an accessory lobe on the side of the genital pore.
 Testes consist of 150 - 200 follicles distributed at the dorsal plane.

A

Mature Segment (solium)

71
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

 7 - 13 (usually 9) main lateral branches on each side of the main uterine trunk at the middle (diagnostic).
 The terminal gravid proglottid becomes separated from the strobila and passes out in the feces or migrates down by itself towards the anus.

A

Gravid Segment (solium)

72
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

 15 – 20 lateral branches on each side (diagnostic)
 Other structures have atrophied due to the markedly enlarged uterus
 There is a genital pore at the lateral margin

A

Gravid Segments (saginata)

73
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

 31 - 43 um in diameter, yellowish – brown or pale buff to walnut-brown color.
 truncated
 Spherical or sub-spherical, with the thick eggshell consisting of many truncated prisms cemented together and provided with a thin hyaline embryonic membrane.
 Contains a fully developed oncosphere with 3 pairs of hooklets.

A

Egg (solium)

74
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

 5 – 8 x 10 mm, ovoid to spherical, with translucent cyst
 The milky-white bladder worm has an opaque scolex that is invaginated into the bladder and the scolex has a circle of hooklets (armed) has 4 cup-like suckers.

A

Cysticercus cellulosae (larval stage) - solium

75
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

Cannot be distinguished from the egg of Taenia solium.

A

Egg (sagi)

76
Q

TAENIA SOLIUM or TAENIA SAGINATA

 7.5-10mmx4-6mm
 Ovoid with unarmed scolex
 Milky-white or opalescent in color

A

Larva (cysticercus bovis) - sagi

Diagnostic Parasitology (36 decks)

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