Osteoarthritis Flashcards
What is the main cause of osteoarthritis?
Wear and tear of the joints leading to failure of the hyaline cartilage
What does failure of the hyaline cartilage lead to?
Painful Loss of function
What are the risk factors of osteoarthritis?
- Obesity
- Age
- Female
- Occupation
How does osteoarthritis present?
Pain and stiffness that improves with rest
Weak grip
What joints does Osteoarthritis affect?
Small joints of the hands, hips and knees
What are the 2 nodes that form in Osteoarthritis?
Heberden’s node
Bouchard’s node
What are Heberden’s nodes?
Distal bony swellings
What are Bouchard’s nodes?
Proximal bony swellings
What 2 types of joints does Osteoarthritis affect?
DIP
PIP
What can occur at the carpometacarpal joint?
Squaring at the base of the thumb
How is Osteoarthritis clinically diagnosed?
- Over 45
- Activity related pain
- No morning stiffness/less than 30 minutes
What would you find on an X-ray of osteoarthritis?•
- Loss of intervertebral joint space
- Osteophyte formation
- Subchondral cysts
- Subchondral sclerosis
What is the first step in the management of Osteoarthritis?
Paracetamol and topical NSAID (ibuprofen)
What is the second step in the management of Osteoarthritis?
Oral NSAID
What is the third step in the management of Osteoarthritis?
Codine or Morphine
What needs to be taken with codine and morphine?
PPI to protect the stomach
What is the fourth step in the management of Osteoarthritis?
Intra-articular steroid injection
What is the management of severe osteoarthritis?
Arthroplasty- Joint replacement
What are Heberden’s and Bouchards a result of?
Osteophyte formation.
When does the stiffness in the joints tend to be worse in someone with osteoarthritis?
After long periods of inactivity
Whatis squaring at the base of the thumb?
Fixed adduciton of the thumb
What can present before the symptoms of osteoarthritis?
X-ray changes
–Decreased joint space
–Osteophyte formaiton