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MSK > Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main cause of osteoarthritis?

A

Wear and tear of the joints leading to failure of the hyaline cartilage

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2
Q

What does failure of the hyaline cartilage lead to?

A

Painful Loss of function

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3
Q

What are the risk factors of osteoarthritis?

A
  • Obesity
  • Age
  • Female
  • Occupation
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4
Q

How does osteoarthritis present?

A

Pain and stiffness that improves with rest

Weak grip

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5
Q

What joints does Osteoarthritis affect?

A

Small joints of the hands, hips and knees

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6
Q

What are the 2 nodes that form in Osteoarthritis?

A

Heberden’s node

Bouchard’s node

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7
Q

What are Heberden’s nodes?

A

Distal bony swellings

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8
Q

What are Bouchard’s nodes?

A

Proximal bony swellings

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9
Q

What 2 types of joints does Osteoarthritis affect?

A

DIP

PIP

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10
Q

What can occur at the carpometacarpal joint?

A

Squaring at the base of the thumb

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11
Q

How is Osteoarthritis clinically diagnosed?

A
  • Over 45
  • Activity related pain
  • No morning stiffness/less than 30 minutes
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12
Q

What would you find on an X-ray of osteoarthritis?•

A
  • Loss of intervertebral joint space
  • Osteophyte formation
  • Subchondral cysts
  • Subchondral sclerosis
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13
Q

What is the first step in the management of Osteoarthritis?

A

Paracetamol and topical NSAID (ibuprofen)

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14
Q

What is the second step in the management of Osteoarthritis?

A

Oral NSAID

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15
Q

What is the third step in the management of Osteoarthritis?

A

Codine or Morphine

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16
Q

What needs to be taken with codine and morphine?

A

PPI to protect the stomach

17
Q

What is the fourth step in the management of Osteoarthritis?

A

Intra-articular steroid injection

18
Q

What is the management of severe osteoarthritis?

A

Arthroplasty- Joint replacement

19
Q

What are Heberden’s and Bouchards a result of?

A

Osteophyte formation.

20
Q

When does the stiffness in the joints tend to be worse in someone with osteoarthritis?

A

After long periods of inactivity

21
Q

Whatis squaring at the base of the thumb?

A

Fixed adduciton of the thumb

22
Q

What can present before the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

X-ray changes
–Decreased joint space
–Osteophyte formaiton

MSK (79 decks)

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