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MSK > Antiphospholipid syndrome > Flashcards

Antiphospholipid syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

What type of condition is antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Autoimmune disorder

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2
Q

What is antihospholipid syndrome characterised b?

A

Arterial and venous thrombosis
Recurrent fetal loss
Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

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3
Q

How can antiphospholipid syndrome occur?

A

As a primary disorder or secondary to other conditions

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4
Q

What condition can antiphospholipid syndrome occur secondary to?

A

SLE

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5
Q

What are the main features of Antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Clots
Livedo reticularis
Obstetric loss
Thrombocytopenia

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6
Q

What is the pheumonic for the main features of antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

CLOT

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7
Q

What does clots include?

A

Venous thromboembolism- DVT and PE
Arterial embolism- Myocardial infarction or stroke

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8
Q

What is livedo reticularis?

A

A mottled, lace-like appearance of the skin on the lower limbs.

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9
Q

What obstetric loss can antiphospholipid syndrome result in?

A

Recurrent miscarriages
Pre-eclampsia
Premature births can occur.

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10
Q

What is a characteristic sign of antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Prolonged APTT
(PARADOXICAL RISE)

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11
Q

What is the management of antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

primary thromboprophylaxis: low-dose aspirin

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12
Q

What is secondary thromboprophylaxis for initial VTE events in the management of antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Lifelong warfarin with a target INR of 2-3

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13
Q

What is secondary thromboprophylaxis for recurrent VTE events in the management of antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Lifelong warfarin
If occurred whilst taking warfarin then consider adding low-dose aspirin, increase target INR to 3-4

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14
Q

What is secondary thromboprophylaxis for arterial thrombosis in the management of antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Arterial thrombosis should be treated with lifelong warfarin with target INR 2-3

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15
Q

What is needed to diagnose antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Positive blood tests are needed on 2 occasions, 12-weeks

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16
Q

What do the blood tests need to show for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies.
Anti-beta2-GPI antibodies.
Positive lupus anticoagulant assay.

17
Q

What is the problem of using warfrain during pregnancy?

A

It is teratogenic

18
Q

What medication can be used as an alternative during pregnancy for antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Low molecular weight heparin.

19
Q

How can the risk of VTE be reuced in someone with Antiphospolipid syndrome?

A

Avoid oestrogen-containing contraception / hormone replacement therapy and long periods of immobility.

20
Q

How can the risk of arterial thrombosis be reuced in someone with Antiphospolipid syndrome?

A

Control cardiovascular risk factors (eg. smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose).

MSK (79 decks)

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