Ophth - cats

Question 1

Why do cats have vertical slit pupils?

Answer 1

Allow wider dilation at night

Question 2

What is the field of view of cats eyes?

Answer 2

200 degrees
Binocular - 140 degrees

Question 3

What can cause exophthalmos in cats?

Answer 3

Breed disposition
Exposure keratitis
Orbital space occupying lesion
Orbital neoplasia

Question 4

What is proptosis?

Answer 4

Eyeball popped out of socket

Question 5

What can cause proptosis in cats?

Answer 5

Brachy skulls
Trauma

Question 6

What is the prognosis for proptosis? Why?

Answer 6

Very guarded - Uveitis, exposure keratitis

Question 7

When do kittens eyelids open?

Answer 7

At 10-14 days of age

Question 8

What is eyelid agenesis?

Answer 8

Part of upper eyelid missing

Question 9

What signalment is entropion common in in cats?

Answer 9

Older cats or entire toms - thicker skin, chunky cheeks

Question 10

What can cause entropion in cats?

Answer 10

Weight loss

Question 11

What is a sign of chronic entropion?

Answer 11

Corneal vascularisation after conjunctivitis

Question 12

What surgical technique corrects entropion?

Answer 12

Hotz-celsus technique

Question 13

What is a normal shirmer tear test for cats?

Answer 13

18mm/min - but more inconsistant
Abnormal under 9mm/min accompanying clinical signs of KCS

Question 14

What can cause cats to get dry eye? What is different to dogs?

Answer 14

Iatrogenic - atropine
Chronic blepharoconjunctivitis - FHV-1
NOT immune mediated like KCS in dogs

Question 15

What causes infectious conjunctivitis commonly in cats?

Answer 15

Chlamydophila felis
FHV-1
Mycoplasma felis

Question 16

What clinical sign differentiates chlamydia felis from other infectious diseases affecting the eye?

Answer 16

Chemosis - oedema in the conjunctiva

Question 17

How do you treat chlamydia in cats?

Answer 17

Doxycycline for 4 weeks

Question 18

What is a primary cause of corneal ulceration in cats?

Answer 18

FHV-1

Question 19

What are secondary causes of corneal ulceration?

Answer 19

Corneal dryness
Trauma from entropion

Question 20

What breeds are predisposed to sequestrum?

Answer 20

Persian
Bermese

Question 20

What is a sequestrum?

Answer 20

Black corneal plaque with vascularisation, pain

Question 21

What causes sequestrum?

Answer 21

Chronic corneal irritation
Dry eye - more exposed globe

Question 22

How are sequestrum on the eye treated?

Answer 22

Keratectomy

Question 23

When is feline herpes virus primary exposure?

Answer 23

8-12 weeks
Then develop latency and carrier status

Question 24

What are the clinical signs of FHV-1 in kittens?

Answer 24

Conjunctivitis, closed lids fusing, symblepharon

Question 25

What clinical sign can you use to diagnose FHV-1?

Answer 25

Dendritic ulcers - corneal epithelial ulceration

Question 26

What is stromal keratitis?

Answer 26

Immune mediated inflammatory reaction causing blood vessel to emerge from the limbus across hte stroma

Question 27

How do you diagnose keratoconjunctivitis due to FHV-1?

Answer 27

PCR - but may be negative in chronic cases, prone to false negatives

Question 28

How can you treat keratoconjunctivitis due to FHV-1?

Answer 28

Antivirals - famciclovir

Question 29

What must you not do to corneal ulcers in cats?

Answer 29

DO NOT DO grid keratotomy - causes sequestrum in cats, fine in dogs

Question 30

How do you treat keratoconjunctivitis due to FHV-1?

Answer 30

Debride corneal ulcers Topical NSAIDs Antimicrobials if secondary infections

Question 31

What is eosinophilic keratitis in cats?

Answer 31

Pinkish plaques on cornea - proliferative immune mediated condition

Question 32

What is the diagnosis for eosinophilic keratitis?

Answer 32

Cytology

Question 33

What is the treatment for eosinophilic keratitis?

Answer 33

Topical steroids

Question 34

What can cause uveal pigmentation seen in cats? Where is it seen most commonly

Answer 34

Melanoma - on the anterior uvea

Question 35

What are the features of a uveal melanoma?

Answer 35

Primary malignant Locally invasive Highly metastatic - can be 3 years after enucleation

Question 36

What is the most common primary intraocular tumour in cats?

Answer 36

Feline diffuse iris melanoma

Question 37

How can you tell if a melanoma in a cats eye is malignant or benign?

Answer 37

Dark black rather than brown Elevated from iris surface Abnormal pupil shape

Question 38

What is anterior uveitis linked to in cats?

Answer 38

Severe systemic disease

Question 39

What can cause anterior uveitis?

Answer 39

Idiopathic lymphoplasmocytic FIP/FCoV FeLV Trauma

Question 40

What are the clinical signs of acute anterior uveitis?

Answer 40

Corneal oedema Aqueous flare Miosis Iris colour change

Question 41

What are the clinical signs of chronic uveitis?

Answer 41

Synechia Cateract Lens subluxation Secondary glaucoma

Question 42

What does a normal feline fundus look like?

Answer 42

Yellow-green tapetum Non-myelinated circular optic nerve 3 pairs of blood vessels Area centralis - blue oval

Question 43

What condition can cause serous retinal exudate, haemorrhages and oedema?

Answer 43

Hypertensive retinopathy - high blood pressure

Question 44

Today smoking is going to save lives

Answer 44

Have you ever seen a burn victim? - 'Dwight shrute'