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CVSOH BVSc4 > Ophth - cats > Flashcards

Ophth - cats Flashcards

1
Q

Why do cats have vertical slit pupils?

A

Allow wider dilation at night

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2
Q

What is the field of view of cats eyes?

A

200 degrees
Binocular - 140 degrees

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3
Q

What can cause exophthalmos in cats?

A

Breed disposition
Exposure keratitis
Orbital space occupying lesion
Orbital neoplasia

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4
Q

What is proptosis?

A

Eyeball popped out of socket

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5
Q

What can cause proptosis in cats?

A

Brachy skulls
Trauma

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6
Q

What is the prognosis for proptosis? Why?

A

Very guarded - Uveitis, exposure keratitis

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7
Q

When do kittens eyelids open?

A

At 10-14 days of age

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8
Q

What is eyelid agenesis?

A

Part of upper eyelid missing

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9
Q

What signalment is entropion common in in cats?

A

Older cats or entire toms - thicker skin, chunky cheeks

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10
Q

What can cause entropion in cats?

A

Weight loss

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11
Q

What is a sign of chronic entropion?

A

Corneal vascularisation after conjunctivitis

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12
Q

What surgical technique corrects entropion?

A

Hotz-celsus technique

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13
Q

What is a normal shirmer tear test for cats?

A

18mm/min - but more inconsistant
Abnormal under 9mm/min accompanying clinical signs of KCS

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14
Q

What can cause cats to get dry eye? What is different to dogs?

A

Iatrogenic - atropine
Chronic blepharoconjunctivitis - FHV-1
NOT immune mediated like KCS in dogs

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15
Q

What causes infectious conjunctivitis commonly in cats?

A

Chlamydophila felis
FHV-1
Mycoplasma felis

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16
Q

What clinical sign differentiates chlamydia felis from other infectious diseases affecting the eye?

A

Chemosis - oedema in the conjunctiva

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17
Q

How do you treat chlamydia in cats?

A

Doxycycline for 4 weeks

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18
Q

What is a primary cause of corneal ulceration in cats?

A

FHV-1

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19
Q

What are secondary causes of corneal ulceration?

A

Corneal dryness
Trauma from entropion

20
Q

What breeds are predisposed to sequestrum?

A

Persian
Bermese

20
Q

What is a sequestrum?

A

Black corneal plaque with vascularisation, pain

21
Q

What causes sequestrum?

A

Chronic corneal irritation
Dry eye - more exposed globe

22
Q

How are sequestrum on the eye treated?

A

Keratectomy

23
Q

When is feline herpes virus primary exposure?

A

8-12 weeks
Then develop latency and carrier status

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of FHV-1 in kittens?

A

Conjunctivitis, closed lids fusing, symblepharon

25
Q

What clinical sign can you use to diagnose FHV-1?

A

Dendritic ulcers - corneal epithelial ulceration

26
Q

What is stromal keratitis?

A

Immune mediated inflammatory reaction causing blood vessel to emerge from the limbus across hte stroma

27
Q

How do you diagnose keratoconjunctivitis due to FHV-1?

A

PCR - but may be negative in chronic cases, prone to false negatives

28
Q

How can you treat keratoconjunctivitis due to FHV-1?

A

Antivirals - famciclovir

29
Q

What must you not do to corneal ulcers in cats?

A

DO NOT DO grid keratotomy - causes sequestrum in cats, fine in dogs

30
Q

How do you treat keratoconjunctivitis due to FHV-1?

A

Debride corneal ulcers
Topical NSAIDs
Antimicrobials if secondary infections

31
Q

What is eosinophilic keratitis in cats?

A

Pinkish plaques on cornea - proliferative immune mediated
condition

32
Q

What is the diagnosis for eosinophilic keratitis?

A

Cytology

33
Q

What is the treatment for eosinophilic keratitis?

A

Topical steroids

34
Q

What can cause uveal pigmentation seen in cats? Where is it seen most commonly

A

Melanoma - on the anterior uvea

35
Q

What are the features of a uveal melanoma?

A

Primary malignant
Locally invasive
Highly metastatic - can be 3 years after enucleation

36
Q

What is the most common primary intraocular tumour in cats?

A

Feline diffuse iris melanoma

37
Q

How can you tell if a melanoma in a cats eye is malignant or benign?

A

Dark black rather than brown
Elevated from iris surface
Abnormal pupil shape

38
Q

What is anterior uveitis linked to in cats?

A

Severe systemic disease

39
Q

What can cause anterior uveitis?

A

Idiopathic lymphoplasmocytic
FIP/FCoV
FeLV
Trauma

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute anterior uveitis?

A

Corneal oedema
Aqueous flare
Miosis
Iris colour change

41
Q

What are the clinical signs of chronic uveitis?

A

Synechia
Cateract
Lens subluxation
Secondary glaucoma

42
Q

What does a normal feline fundus look like?

A

Yellow-green tapetum
Non-myelinated circular optic nerve
3 pairs of blood vessels
Area centralis - blue oval

43
Q

What condition can cause serous retinal exudate, haemorrhages and oedema?

A

Hypertensive retinopathy - high blood pressure

44
Q

Today smoking is going to save lives

A

Have you ever seen a burn victim? - ‘Dwight shrute’

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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