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CVSOH BVSc4 > Lame - causes of bovine lameness > Flashcards

Lame - causes of bovine lameness Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 most common causes of lameness in cattle?

A

Sole ulcers
White line disease
Local sole bruising
Digital dermatitis
Foul in the foot

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2
Q

What is the cause of sole ulcers?

A

Relaxation of supporting structures of P3 bone allow claw overgrowth causing shallow dorsal wall angle
Corium pinches causing degeneration - coriosis

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3
Q

What is coriosis?

A

Disruption of normal horn production - degeneration of corium

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4
Q

What can increase risk of sole ulcer formation?

A

Standing on concrete
Thin cows
Poor foot conformation/no foot trimming

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5
Q

What are mild sole ulcers?

A

Sole haemorrhage - incorporation of blood into horn

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6
Q

What are severe sole ulcers?

A

Horn production completely arrested

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7
Q

What factors can cause pinching of the corium?

A

Hoof overgrowth
Underdeveloped digital cushion
Standing on hard surfaces
Relaxation of support structures at calving
Shape of P3

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8
Q

What part of P3 can do lots of pinching?

A

Flexor process - at plantar edge of P3

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9
Q

How do you treat sole ulcers?

A

Corrective trimming - reduce height of affected claw, dish out
Remove granulomas, affected horn
Foot block
NSAIDs

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10
Q

When is the prognosis of sole ulcers good?

A

If only simple horn overgrowth

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11
Q

When is the prognosis not so good for sole ulcers? When do they need regular corrective trimming?

A

Chronic coriosis

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12
Q

When is the prognosis of sole ulcers bad?

A

Deep digital sepsis
Chronic bony changes

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13
Q

How do you manage sole ulcers?

A

Regular foot trimming
Good underfoot conditions

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14
Q

What is the aetiology of white line disease?

A

Area of weakness
Impaction of dirt/stones - infection
White line seals - pus and infection trapped, pain
Pus breaks out at heel or coronary band

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15
Q

Where is the white line located?

A

Abaxial aspect
Also some of axial aspect - 1/3

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of white line disease?

A

Lameness - pain
Swelling
Leg abducted to bear weight on medial claw - lateral claw most affected

17
Q

What do white line lesions usually look like?

A

Small dark area in white line

18
Q

How do you treat white line disease?

A

Trim and balance both claws
Explore, drain abcess
Remove underrun horn/wall
Foot block
NSAIDs

19
Q

What is the prognosis of white line disease?

A

Good if simple sole abcess
More difficult if tracked up wall
Deep digital sepsis - bad

20
Q

How can you prevent white line disease?

A

Control coriosis
Improve underfoot conditions
Avoid walking long distances on rough tracks - dont rush
Biotin in diet - harden

21
Q

What is another name for foul in the foot?

A

Interdigital necrobacillosis

22
Q

What is foul in the foot?

A

Opportunistic infection of fusobacterium through damage to interdigital skin

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of foul in the foot?

A

Sudden onset severe lameness
Swelling of soft tissues in area and tracking up as infection invades
Split in skin with pus and necrosis

24
Q

What is the treatment for foul in the foot?

A

Remove any foreign bodies
Wash and flush
Broad spectrum antibiotics - oxytetracycline, penicillin/streptomycin
NSAIDs

25
Q

What is the prognosis of foul in the foot?

A

Good if treated early
Bad if untreated - deep digital sepsis

26
Q

How can you prevent foul in the foot?

A

Improve underfoot conditions - increase mucking out
Formalin foot baths

27
Q

What causes digital dermatitis?

A

Spirochete bacteria - treponema, T, phagadenis

28
Q

How is digital dermatitis spread?

A

In the slurry, on foot trimming knives

29
Q

What conditions do the bacteria causing digital dermatitis need?

A

Obligate anaerobes

30
Q

Where is digital dermatitis found?

A

On the interdigital area BEHIND the heel bulbs

31
Q

What is the appearance of digital dermatitis?

A

Small circular areas of exudate and epidermal liquefaction
Raw dermal granulation tissue if cleaned - very painful
Papilliform crusts/’warts’ form
Range of lesions

32
Q

How do you treat individual cases of digital dermatitis?

A

Clean and dry the area - expose to air
Apply topical treatment
Repeated treatments

33
Q

What topical treatments are there to treat digital dermatitis?

A

Antibiotics - oxytetracycline blue spray
Non-antibiotic - copper/zinc containing gels

34
Q

How do you treat herd level digital dermatitis?

A

Foot baths - clean feet, treatment of formalin, copper sulphate
Frequently bath, long bath
Not antibiotic foot baths

35
Q

What is the prognosis for digital dermatitis?

A

Good
Develop immunity over time
Eradication unlikely

36
Q

How do you prevent digital dermatitis?

A

Improve environment hygiene
Clean foot trimming equipment
Foot baths - daily
Disinfectant
Quarantine new animals

37
Q

What can be caused secondary to digital dermatitis?

A

Non healing claw lesions - very difficult to treat

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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