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CVSOH BVSc4 > GI - upper tract pathology > Flashcards

GI - upper tract pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelium lines the GI tract?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

What layer is under the basement membrane?

A

Lamina propria

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3
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract wall?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia/serosa

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4
Q

Where is the adventitia found in the GI tract?

A

In the oesophagus (thoracic)

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5
Q

Where is the serosa found in the GI tract?

A

Lining the outside of the GI tract in the abdomen

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6
Q

What are the two layers of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria

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7
Q

What is the difference between an erosion and an ulcer at mucosal sites?

A

Depth - erosion is down to basement membrane, ulcer is deeper into lamina propria

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8
Q

What are two common congenital abnormalities of the oral cavity section of GI tract?

A

Cleft lip and cleft palate

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9
Q

What are the consequences of cleft lip or cleft palate?

A

Impaired suckling
Food entering nasal cavity
Aspiration pneumonia

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10
Q

What is the word for a short jaw?

A

Brachygnathia

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11
Q

What is the term for a forward jaw?

A

Prognathia

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12
Q

What are the consequences of abnormal jaw growth?

A

Malocclusion
Orodental trauma
Abnormal tooth wear/overgrowth
Difficulty feeding

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13
Q

What is the term for mouth inflammation?

A

Stomatitis

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14
Q

What is the term for lips inflammation?

A

Chelitis

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15
Q

What is the term for tongue inflammation?

A

Glossitis

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16
Q

What are the classifications of stomatitides?

A

Vesicular
Erosive/ulcerative
Granulomatous
Necrotising
Lymphoplasmacytic
Papular

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17
Q

What is the term used for oral vesicles caused by epitheliotropic viral infections eg. foot and mouth?

A

Vesicular stomatitides

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18
Q

What is a common sequalae of vesicular stomatitides?

A

Vesicles burst and form erosions/ulcers

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19
Q

What can cause oral vesicles in cats?

A

Feline calicivirus
Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex

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20
Q

How can renal failure cause stomatitis?

A

High urea levels - ammonia

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21
Q

What bacteria can cause stomatitis/glossitis and pyogranulomatous infection in farm animals secondary to ulcers and wounds in the mouth?

A

Actinobacillus

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22
Q

What bacteria can cause necrotising stomatitis in farm animals?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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23
Q

What is a cause of lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis in cats?

A

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis

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24
Q

What is feline chronic gingivostomatitis?

A

Severe mucosal inflammation dominated by lymphocytes and plasma cells
Cause unknown - multifactorial?

25
Q

What pathogen causes papular stomatitides?

A

Parapox viruses
eg. Orf

26
Q

What is the other name for orf?

A

Bovine papular stomatitis

27
Q

What is epulis?

A

Descriptive term for gingival growth

28
Q

What disease causes REACTIVE gingival tumour like lesions?

A

Gingival hyperplasia

29
Q

What species is gingival hyperplasia seen in? What breed is predisposed?

A

Dogs - boxer

30
Q

What causes gingival hyperplasia?

A

Chronic low grade irritation causing stromal connective tissue to proliferate

31
Q

How does gingival hyperplasia differ from dogs to cats?

A

Cats it is more multifocal

32
Q

What virus causes non neoplastic hyperplastic epithelial masses in the mouths of dogs?

A

Canine oral papillomatosis

33
Q

What are the 4 main non neoplastic oral masses?

A

Gingival hyperplasia
Canine oral papillomatosis
Feline eosinophilic granuloma
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis

34
Q

What two neoplasms arise from dental tissue in the mouth?

A

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma
Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma

35
Q

Where does a peripheral odontogenic fibroma arise from?

A

Periodontal ligament

36
Q

Where does the canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma arise from?

A

Odontogenic epithelium - Epithelial cells that line the teeth as they develop and produce the dentine

37
Q

What does canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma present as?

A

Spiky benign but aggressively invasive masses in rostral mandible

38
Q

What are the main 3 neoplastic tumours that arise from non dental tissue origin in the mouth?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Fibrosarcoma

39
Q

What are the common sites of finding squamous cell carcinoma in cats?

A

Ventral surface of tongue
Gingiva

40
Q

What is the most common malignant oral neoplasm in dogs?

A

Malignant melanoma

41
Q

What do malignant melanomas look like?

A

Ulcerated raised/flat structures
Can be pigmented black - some not though

42
Q

What are the most common sites of fibrosarcoma in the mouth?

A

Gingiva
Palate

43
Q

What are the 4 salivary glands? Which one is exclusive to dogs and cats?

A

Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Zygomatic - only dogs and cats

44
Q

What does a salivary tract blockage cause?

A

A true salivary cyst - dilation of the salivary gland/duct

45
Q

What does a salivary tract rupture cause?

A

Pseudocyst - sialoceles

46
Q

What is a sialocele?

A

Saliva pooling in soft tissues of head and neck due to salivary gland duct rupture

47
Q

What is a ranula?

A

Smooth cystic swelling on the floor of the mouth - size fluctuates

48
Q

What is the term for salivary gland inflammation?

A

Sialoadenitis

49
Q

What are the 3 types of mechanical oesophagus obstruction?

A

Intraluminal
Intramural - in the wall (stenosis)
Extrinsic - external compression

50
Q

What heart defect can cause an extrinsic mechanical oesophageal obstruction?

A

Aorta developing on the wrong site
Ligamentum arteriosum traps oesophagus between trachea and heart base

51
Q

What are the predisposed sites of intraluminal mechanical oesophageal obstruction?

A

Larynx
Thoracic inlet
Heart base
Diaphragmatic hiatus

52
Q

What are 3 potential consequences of choke?

A

Scarring
Stricture
Perioesophageal cellulitus

53
Q

What can cause oesophagitis?

A

Trauma
Virus
Reflux
Chemical ingestion

54
Q

What toxin can cattle ingest which can cause oesophageal neoplasia?

A

Brachen fern - carcinogenic

55
Q

What virus can cause oesophageal neoplasia?

A

Papillomas

56
Q

What is the definition of megaoesophagus?

A

Dilated HYPERMOTILE oesophagus - cant effectively transport food from pharynx to stomach

57
Q

What is physiologically wrong in megaoesophagus?

A

Muscle dysfunction - no peristalsis

58
Q

What are the causes of
megaoesophagus?

A

Congenital
Idiopathic
Neuro disease eg. toxins, trauma, peripheral neuropathies
Neuromuscular disease eg. myasthenia gravis
Hyperadrenocorticism
Prolonged obstruction

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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