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CVSOH BVSc4 > Neuro - brain diseases > Flashcards

Neuro - brain diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause peracute onset lateralised (asymmetrical) forebrain signs?

A

Vascular - stroke (cerebrovascular accident)
Traumatic

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2
Q

What are the two different types of stroke/cerebrovascular accident?

A

Ischaemic stroke - vessel occlusion
Haemorrhagic stroke - vessel rupture

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3
Q

How do you diagnose a cerebrovascular accident/stroke?

A

Infarct - sharply defined intra-axial lesion on MRI
Haemorrhage - platelet count, PT, aPTT
Both - check for lungworm, neoplastic/paraneoplastic

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4
Q

What is the treatment for head trauma to a patient?

A

Stabilise
Monitor brainstem function
Supportive - fluids, pain relief, O2
Mannitol
Steroids CONTRA-INDICATED - make prognosis worse

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5
Q

What is the cushings reflex?

A

Systemic hypertension and secondary bradycardia in response to decreased cerebral blood flow

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6
Q

What makes up the cranial vault space?

A

Brain tissue
Blood
CSF

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7
Q

What can cause sudden onset progressive symmetrical cerebellar signs?

A

Metabolic
Toxic - metronidazole toxicity
Inflammatory - idiopathic cerebellitis

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8
Q

When does metronidazole toxicity usually occur?

A

Dogs more than cats
Puppies when trying to treat giardia
Resolves when stop administration

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9
Q

What dogs are affected by idiopathic cerebellitis?

A

White shaker syndrome - young terriers (westies etc.), spaniels

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10
Q

What can cause rapidly progressive multifocal neurological signs?

A

Metabolic (symmetrical)
Inflammatory/infectious - meningoencephalitis
Diffuse/metastatic neoplasia (older dogs)

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11
Q

What dogs tend to get non-infectious meningoencephalitis?

A

Westies, pug, maltese

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12
Q

How do you diagnose non infectious meningoencephalitis?

A

Blood test - rule out metabolic causes first
MRI - multifocal lesions
CSF - mononuclear pleocytosis, sign of inflammation

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13
Q

What is the treatment for non infectious meningoencephalitis?

A

Immunosuppression - steroids

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14
Q

What can cause progressive brainstem signs?

A

Infectious - FIP
Anomalous (congenital)
Metabolic
Neoplastic
Degenerative

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15
Q

What causes CNS neuro signs from FIP?

A

Immune mediated reaction to coronavirus - inflammation can obstruct ventricular system causing hydrocephalus

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16
Q

How do you diagnose FIP?

A

Bloods - serology (negative test rules out)
MRI - hydrocephalus
CSF - neutrophilic pleocytosis, PCR

17
Q

What is the treatment for FIP? What is the prognosis?

A

Steroids - palliative
Poor prognosis - euthanasia

18
Q

What can cause progressive forebrain signs?

A

Congenital hydrocephalus
Brain tumour

19
Q

When should you suspect congenital hydrocephalus?

A

Young toy breeds
Persian cats
Insidious progressive symmetrical non painful forebrain signs

20
Q

What is the treatment for congenital hydrocephalus?

A

Palliative - steroids (pred)
Surgery - ventriculoperitoneal shunt, drain CSF

21
Q

What can cause slowly progressive multifocal brain disease?

A

Degenerative brain disease - genetics

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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