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CVSOH BVSc4 > Derm - Non neoplastic skin diseases > Flashcards

Derm - Non neoplastic skin diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How many patterns of non-neoplastic pathological changes to the skin are there?

A

12

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2
Q

What is perivascular dermatitis without epidermal involvement?

A

Inflammatory infiltrate around dilated superficial blood vessels - hyperaemia
Oedema in the dermis - pallor

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3
Q

What does perivascular dermatitis without epidermal involvement look like?

A

Urticaria - raised, itchy rash

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4
Q

in what species does perivascular dermatitis without epidermal involvement occur?

A

Horses and dogs

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5
Q

What is perivascular dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia?

A

Inflammation around the blood vessels in the dermis along with thickening and hyperkeratosis of the epidermis extending into the dermis

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6
Q

When does perivascular dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia occur?

A

Usually after chronic inflammation

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7
Q

What diseases are associated with perivascular dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia?

A

Allergic dermatitis
Sarcoptic mange
Callus
Keratinisation defects

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8
Q

What are histopathological features of type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Epidermal hyperplasia
Spongiosis
Hyperkeratosis
Dermal oedema

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9
Q

What is epidermal spongiosis?

A

Intercellular oedema - oedema between epidermal cells from vascular exudate

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10
Q

What happens if epidermal spongiosis progresses?

A

It may rupture intercellular bridges and form a spongiotic vesicle

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11
Q

What are the causes perivascular dermatitis with epidermal spongiosis?

A

UV associated
Direct - sunburn, primary phototoxicity
Indirect - photosensitisation

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12
Q

What is vasculitis?

A

When inflammatory cells attack the blood vessel wall leading to a loss of blood supply to that area of skin - ischaemia

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13
Q

What are the signs of vasculitis?

A

Fibrin deposition in vessels
Inflammatory cells in vessel walls
Perivascular inflammation, oedema and haemorrhage
Pinkness of vessel walls - fibrinoid necrosis

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14
Q

Where is vasculitis often seen?

A

At the extremities - loss of blood supply leads to necrosis

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15
Q

What is interface dermatitis?

A

Lymphocytes obscure the dermo-epidermal junction
Associated with thickening/clefting of basement membrane and intracellular oedema

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16
Q

What causes interface dermatitis?

A

Immune mediated disease - cytotoxic T cells kill the keratinocytes allowing immune complexes to deposit in the basement membrane

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17
Q

What are some causes of nodular to diffuse granulomatous dermatitis?

A

Macrophages - most common
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils (pyogranulomatous)
Infection - bacterial, fungal, protozoal

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18
Q

What is the difference between a vesicle and a pustule?

A

Vesicle - when there arent many inflammatory cells
Pustule - when the content is cellular

19
Q

What are some sites of intraepidermal vesicular-pustular dermatitis?

A

Subcorneal - superficial
Intraepidermal
Suprabasilar - deep
Follicular external root sheath

20
Q

How do pustules form?

A

Breakdown of intercellular bridges allow vesicle formation
Then neutrophils/eosinophils infiltrate

21
Q

What is the most common cause of pustules in the dog?

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

22
Q

What is the most common cause of pustules in the pig?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus - greasy pig disease

23
Q

What are some other causes of superficial pyoderma?

A

Sterile pustular dermatitis conditions eg. pemphigus
Insect bites

24
Q

What is subepidermal vesicular-pustular dermatitis?

A

a pustule between the epidermis and the dermis
Associated with autoimmune skin diseases eg. bullous pemphigoid

25
Q

What disease can cause subepidermal vesicular-pustular dermatitis in dogs?

A

Mechanobullous disease

26
Q

What are the 3 stages of skin disease centred on hair follicles?

A

Perifolliculitis
Folliculitis
Furunculosis

27
Q

What is Perifolliculitis?

A

When inflammatory infiltrate surrounds the hair follicle

28
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

When cells invade the cell wall to the lumen of the hair follicle

29
Q

What is furunculosis?

A

Rupture of the hair follicle

30
Q

What is deep pyoderma caused by?

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius causing folliculitis to furunculosis

31
Q

What can the hair shaft cause in deep pyoderma?

A

Pyogranulomatous dermatitis - hair shaft acts as a foreign body

32
Q

Where can you find deep pyoderma?

A

Diffuse or localised eg. anal furunculosis

33
Q

What is fibrosing dermatitis?

A

When the normal dermal structures are replaced with granulation tissue post inflammation

34
Q

What is panniculitis?

A

Inflammation of the fat
It secondarily involves the deep dermis

35
Q

What are the 3 forms of panniculitis?

A

Lobular
Septal
Diffuse

36
Q

What is the difference between lobular, septal and diffuse panniculitis?

A

Lobular - multinodular appearance, intracellular inflammatory cells
Septal - Inflammatory cells are seen in the connective tissue between the fat
Diffuse - inflammatory cells everywhere

37
Q

What is atrophic dermatopathy?

A

A reduction of normal cutaneous structures eg. hair follicles

38
Q

What causes atrophic dermatopathy?

A

A complex collection of endocrine and metabolic diseases

39
Q

What are the clinical features of atrophic dermatopathy?

A

Alopecia
Increase/decreased pigmentation
Coarse, dry, dull coat
Secondary keratinisation

40
Q

What type of follicle is affected by endocrinopathies in atrophic dermatopathy?

A

Telogen follicles

41
Q

What endocrinopathies can cause atrophic dermatopathies?

A

Cushings
Hypothyroidism
Oestrogen related

42
Q

What are 4 features of atrophic dermatopathy?

A

Telogen follicles
Sebaceous atrophy
Follicular keratosis
This orthokeratotic epidermis - more keratin with no nucleus

43
Q

When should you do a skin biopsy?

A

Suspected neoplasia
Unusual dermatosis
No response to therapy
Vesicles, bullae, erosions, ulcerations

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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