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CVSOH BVSc4 > Dentistry - basics, nerve blocks, extraction > Flashcards

Dentistry - basics, nerve blocks, extraction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different layers of a tooth?

A

Outer - enamel
Middle - dentine
Inside - pulp

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2
Q

What is the term for in the direction of the top of the tooth?

A

Coronal

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3
Q

What is the part of the root above the gingiva called?

A

Crown

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4
Q

What is the term for in the direction of the tip of the root called?

A

Apical

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5
Q

What is the hardest tissue in the body?

A

The enamel

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6
Q

What makes up the majority of the tooth?

A

The dentine

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7
Q

What mineralised connective tissue covers the root of the tooth?

A

Cementum

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8
Q

What is the term for the surface of the tooth that is on the outside against the cheek?

A

Buccal/labial

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9
Q

What is the space between the free gingiva and the tooth called?

A

The gingival sulcus

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10
Q

What attaches the tooth to the bone and is a shock absorber during mastication?

A

Periodontal ligament

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11
Q

What is the triadan number for a dogs upper right canine tooth?

A

104

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12
Q

What is the triadan number for a dogs lower left carnassial tooth?

A

309

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13
Q

What teeth are missing/not present in cats compared to dogs?

A

105 and 205 - the first maxillary premolar teeth

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14
Q

How many roots does 102 have in a dog?

A

1 - incisor

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15
Q

How many roots does 108 have in a dog?

A

3 - carnassial

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16
Q

How many roots does 408 have in a dog?

A

2 - lower premolar

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17
Q

How many roots does 307 have in a dog?

A

2 - lower premolar

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18
Q

What triadan number is the first lower molar in a dog?

A

309/409

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19
Q

How many roots does 106 have in a cat?

A

1 - small premolar

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20
Q

How many roots does 208 have in a cat?

A

3 - upper carnassial

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21
Q

How many roots does 209 have in a cat?

A

1 - small molar at the back

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22
Q

How many roots does 309 have in a cat?

A

2 - last molar at the back at the bottom

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23
Q

Why is dental radiography important?

A

Can only see part of tooth
Cant provide proper complete care without it

24
Q

What two techniques are used to take radiographs?

A

Parallel technique
Bisecting angle technique

25
Q

What is the bisecting angle technique when taking dental x rays?

A

A specific angle worked out to create a shadow of the teeth

26
Q

What is the angle the x ray beam is to the plate used for the parallel technique?

A

90 degrees - the object is parallel to the image plate

27
Q

How do you stop roots of 3 rooted teeth being superimposed?

A

Shift the x ray beam horizontally

28
Q

What is the SLOB rule for superimposing teeth?

A

Same Lingual Opposite Buccal
The root more lingual will be imaged in the same direction as the tube is shifted
The buccal root will shift the opposite way

29
Q

What is seen as a radiolucent line on the mandible?

A

Mandibular canal

30
Q

What is the name of the wall of the tooth socket?

A

Lamina dura

31
Q

What looks different about young permanent teeth on radiograph?

A

Wide pulp
Narrow dentine
Open apex - closed after 12 months of age

32
Q

What looks different about deciduous teeth on radiograph?

A

Smaller
Narrow roots

33
Q

What pathologic changes to teeth can be seen on radiograph due to periodontitis?

A

Periodontitis -
Periodontal ligament space widening
Bone loss
Periapical lucency

34
Q

What pathology cant be seen on radiograph?

A

Gingivitis - soft tissue

35
Q

What are some pathological changes seen on radiograph after tooth trauma?

A

Fractured roots
Endodontitis - tooth dying
Jaw damage
Luxated teeth - out of normal place

36
Q

What are the two different types of local anaesthesia used in dentistry?

A

Splash block - local
Nerve block - regional

37
Q

What drug is used for local anaesthesia in dentistry?

A

Lidocaine
(Bupivicaine - slower onset longer duration)

38
Q

What are some risks of local anaesthetic used in dentistry?

A

Damage to neurovascular bundle
Haematoma
Occular trauma - inject into eye
Accidental IV injection

39
Q

What nerve block do you use to block the entire maxilla?

A

Maxillary nerve block

40
Q

What are the different approaches used for a maxillary nerve block? Which is safest?

A

Intraoral approach
Transcutaneous approach - safest

41
Q

What nerve block blocks the upper canine and front teeth only?

A

Infraorbital nerve block

42
Q

What is the risk of doing an infraorbital nerve block?

A

Risk to eye if put needle into canal too far

43
Q

What nerve block blocks the entire mandible?

A

Inferior alveolar (caudal mandibular) nerve block

44
Q

What are the two approaches used for the inferior alveolar nerve block?

A

Intraoral
Transcutaneous
(same as maxillary)

45
Q

What is the risk of doing an inferior alveolar nerve block?

A

Risk of hitting the lingual nerve desensitising the tongue
Avoid by guiding needle as close to bone as possible

46
Q

What nerve block blocks just the lip and rostral soft tissues?

A

Mental nerve block

47
Q

What are the risks/drawbacks of the mental nerve block?

A

Needle entry into mental foramen can cause nerve damage
Not very useful - use inferior alveolar instead

48
Q

What are some dental specific anaesthetic considerations?

A

Wet procedure - keep warm
Long GA - may need extra fluids
Multimodal analgesia needed
Do in prep

49
Q

What are the 5 steps of a scale and polish?

A
  1. Lavage - chlorhexidine
  2. Crack off calculus
  3. Ultrasonic scaling
  4. Hand scaling
  5. Polishing
50
Q

What tool do you use for hand scaling? What does it look like?

A

Subgingival curette - rounded back to probe so doesnt damage soft tissues

51
Q

How do you prep for a tooth extraction?

A

Get consent
Pre-op radiographs
Nerve blocks

52
Q

What is a closed extraction?

A

Extraction without incising the gingiva

53
Q

What are the indications for a closed extraction?

A

Small single rooted teeth
Significant bone loss

54
Q

What is a surgical extraction?

A

Create flap, remove alveolar bone

55
Q

What are the indications for a surgical extraction?

A

Multirooted teeth
Canine teeth
Root abnormalities
Periodontal lig still attached

56
Q

What suture should you use to suture flap closed?

A

Small monofilament absorbable suture - 4-0 or 4-0 monocryl
Reverse cutting needle

57
Q

What are the different types of home care dentistry?

A

Active - brushing, rinsing
Passive - food, chews

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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