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CVSOH BVSc4 > Dentistry - fractures, deciduous, resorption > Flashcards

Dentistry - fractures, deciduous, resorption Flashcards

1
Q

What are tooth fractures classified based on?

A

Fracture location
Pulp exposure

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2
Q

What are the different types of fracture affecting the enamel?

A

Enamel infraction - cracking
Enamel fracture - loss of enamel on the crown (chip)

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3
Q

What types of crown fracture can you get in teeth?

A

Uncomplicated crown fracture - no pulp exposure
Complicated - fracture that exposes the pulp

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4
Q

What are the different types of fracture involving the root?

A

Uncomplicated crown-root fracture (no pulp exposure)
Complicated crown-root fracture
Root fracture

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5
Q

How can you tell if the pulp is exposed?

A

PInk/red if recent
Grey/black if chronic
Use a sharp explorer - will stick in
Radiography

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6
Q

What are the signs of a fractured tooth on radiograph?

A

Peri-apical lucency - local infection at root
Root resorption
PDL widening

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7
Q

How do you treat an enamel fracture or uncomplicated crown fracture?

A

Dont need to treat
Smooth sharp edges
Monitor

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8
Q

How do you treat an uncomplicated crown-root fracture?

A

Dont need to treat, but close monitoring, careful home care

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9
Q

How do you treat a complicated crown/crown-root/root fracture?

A

Extraction
(root canal at referral)
Analgesia

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10
Q

What are the complications of fractured teeth?

A

Chronic pain
Toth root abscesses - swolled face, discharging tract

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11
Q

What is tooth abrasion?

A

Wearing down teeth by rubbing tooth against an object
eg. tennis ball

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12
Q

What is tooth attrition?

A

Wear from tooth on tooth contact due to malocculsion

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13
Q

What does the body do to counteract abrasion/attrition?

A

Produce tertiary dentine - brown, discoloured reparative dentine

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14
Q

What can cause a discoloured tooth?

A

Blunt trauma - purple from bleeding into dental tubules, pulpitis

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15
Q

What are the two consequences of a blunt trauma to the tooth?

A

Pulpitis subsides, tooth survives
Tooth dies due to disrupted blood supply, goes grey/brown

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16
Q

What should you do if there is a discoloured tooth?

A

Take radiographs, but likely to need extraction - irreversible trauma

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17
Q

What is the appearance of deciduous teeth?

A

Smaller
Sharper
Proportionally longer roots
Whiter - enamel less mineralised

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18
Q

How many deciduous teeth do dogs have?

A

28

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19
Q

How many deciduous teeth do cats have?

A

26

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20
Q

How are deciduous teeth lost?

A

Exfoliation by root resorption

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21
Q

What are the indications for extraction of deciduous teeth?

A

Retained/persistant - 6 months onwards (do at neuter)
Fractured
Malocclusion

22
Q

What can malocclusion of deciduous teeth cause?

A

Pain
Restriction of normal jaw growth - shortened mandible

23
Q

What is tooth resorption?

A

Loss of dental hard tissue, exposing the soft tissue underneath - pink area on tooth

24
Q

What other names are there for tooth resorption?

A

Neck lesions
Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORLs)

25
Q

What species is tooth resorption common in?

A

Cats

26
Q

What is the aetiology of internal tooth resorption thought to be?

A

Start inside the tooth in endodontic system - due to pulpitis

27
Q

What is type one external tooth resorption?

A

Response to inflammation - periodontitis

28
Q

What is type two external tooth resorption?

A

Idiopathic

29
Q

How is tooth resorption classified?

A

On severity - stages
On radiographic appearance - types

30
Q

What is type 1 tooth resorption?

A

Damage to tooth with radiolucency
But normal looking root
‘Inflammatory resorption’

31
Q

What is type 2 tooth resorption?

A

Radiolucency to tooth
Loss of root clarity
PDL space disappearing
‘Replacement resorption’

32
Q

What is type 3 tooth resorption?

A

Features of both type 1 and 2 tooth resorption
eg. one normal root, one resorbed

33
Q

How many mature cats have tooth resorption?

A

20-75%

34
Q

When is tooth resorption though to become painful?

A

When resorption communicates with oral cavity - dentine exposed

35
Q

How is tooth resorption diagnosed?

A

Tactile exploration
Dental radiographs - essential

36
Q

Which teeth are most commonly affected by tooth resorption?

A

3rd mandibular premolars (307/407)

37
Q

What is the treatment for type 1 tooth resorption?

A

Extraction

38
Q

What is the treatment for type 2 tooth resorption?

A

Root replaced by bone - extraction can be difficult/contraindicated
Can do crown amputation

39
Q

When do you do a crown amputation?

A

When confirmed type 2 tooth resorption on radiograph

40
Q

How do you do a crown amputation?

A

Create gingival flap
Remove tooth down 1-2mm below bone level with bur
Suture gingiva closed

41
Q

How should you treat type 3 tooth resorption?

A

Amputate type 2 root
Extract type 1 root

42
Q

What is feline chronic gingivostomatitis?

A

Inappropriate inflammatory response of the oral mucosa in cats - very painful

43
Q

How do you diagnose feline chronic gingivostomatitis?

A

Clinical presentation
Widespread lesions
Caudal stomatitis - palatoglossal folds involvement (good prognostic indicator)

44
Q

What causes feline chronic gingivostomatitis?

A

Multifactorial
Viruses, bacteria
Plaque
Immune system

45
Q

What viruses can contribute to feline chronic gingivostomatitis?

A

Calicivirus
FIV/FeLV
FHV

46
Q

How do you treat feline chronic gingivostomatitis medically?

A

Antibiotics - suppress, limited effect, will relapse
Glucocorticoids - short course
Immunomodulation - ciclosporin
NSAIDs

47
Q

How do you treat feline chronic gingivostomatitis surgically?

A

Remove all disease teeth
Clean
Extract all teeth - worst cases

48
Q

What is the prognosis from surgical therapy of feline chronic gingivostomatitis?

A

1/3 resolve
1/3 improve but persists
1/3 need long term medical management

49
Q

What is a feline eosinophilic granuloma complex?

A

Granuloma/ulcer in the oral cavity, on tongue, lip, chin, palate
Wax and wane

50
Q

How do you treat feline eosinophilic granuloma complex?

A

Immunosuppressive therapy to treat flare ups

51
Q

What is the most common oral/maxillofacial tumour in cats?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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