GI - clinical nutrition Flashcards
What is the resting energy requirement?
Energy used in thermoneutral conditions at rest
What is the equation for RER?
70(BW in kg)^0.75
For animals between 2-30kg - 30(BW in kg) + 70
What are the units for RER?
Kcal/day
to get grams you will be given kcal/kg so divide by this number divided by 1000
What is the maintenance energy requirement?
Energy used in thermoneutral conditions by a moderately active animal including the energy require to obtain and use the food
What are some secondary problems of obesity?
Osteoarthritis
Respiratory compromise/disease
Urinary disease
Diabetes mellitus
Hepatic lipidosis
Pancreatitis
What is a risk in cats if they lose too much fat too quickly?
Hepatic lipidosis
What disease does low calcium containing diet eg. raw diet cause?
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism - takes calcium out of bones causing thin bones
What causes taurine deficiency?
Cats fed vegan/vegetarian diets - is an essential amino acid from meat
Can be from manufacturing fault
What does taurine deficiency cause?
Blindness - retinal degeneration
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Reproductive failures
What causes thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency?
Manufacturing fault
Excessive dietary thiaminase - raw fish diet
What are the clinical signs of thiamine (vit B1) deficiency?
Anorexia
Neck ventroflexion
Neuro signs
What is the main differential or thiamine deficiency?
Hypokalaemia
What is pansteatitis?
Yellow fat disease - caused by high polyunsaturated fatty acid diet which increases oxidation and depletes vitamin E leading to deficiency
What diet usually causes pansteatitis?
Oily fish diets
What are the clinical signs of pansteatitis?
Hot painful inflamed fat in abdominal/inguinal areas
+/- Fat necrosis, drainage tracts
Pyrexia
What is the treatment and prognosis of pansteatitis?
Appropriate diet
Vit E supplementation
Analgesia - steroids
Good prognosis
What are ways to encourage oral intake?
Address underlying disease
Correct fluid deficits, electrolyte imbalances
Antiemetics
NEVER syringe feed - creates aversions
Highly palatable, highly digestible food
What electrolyte imbalances will anorexic cats tend to have which will stop them wanting to eat?
Vitamin B12 deficient
Potassium deficient
What is the main food of the enterocytes?
Glutamine - get nutrition directly from the lumen of the intestine
When should you use naso-oesophageal feeding?
Suitable for short term (<7day) nutritional assistance - liquid diet
When is a naso-oesophageal tube unsuitable?
If regurgitating/vomiting
If have nasal/oral/pharyngeal/oesophageal disease
How can you test if a naso-oesophageal tube is in the oesophagus?
Negative pressure in syringe
Water push in quickly - cough
When should you use an oesophagostomy tube?
If need longer term placement
If needs managing at home
Where should you measure the oesophagostomy tube to?
7th/9th rib from neck
