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CVSOH BVSc4 > Lame - bovine less common causes of foot lameness > Flashcards

Lame - bovine less common causes of foot lameness Flashcards

1
Q

What can foreign body penetrations cause in cows feet?

A

Sub-sole abcesses

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2
Q

How can you harden the feet?

A

Foot bathing with formalin

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3
Q

What causes heel and toe ulcers (not in sole ulcer site)?

A

Overgrowth of toe
Penetration of sole
Fissures
Iatrogenic

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4
Q

What is toe necrosis usually secondary to?

A

Toe ulcer
Or split in the horn

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5
Q

What is the treatment/prognosis for toe necrosis?

A

Extensive remodelling
Guarded prognosis

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6
Q

What can cause acute laminitis in cows? Is it common?

A

Acute toxic condition releasing endotoxins
Eg. ruminal acidosis, mastitis, metritis
Very rare

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute laminitis in cows?

A

Severe lameness in all 4 feet
Weight on heels
Unwilling to move

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8
Q

How do you treat laminitis in cows?

A

Deep bed
NSAIDs

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9
Q

What can cause sole bruising in cows?

A

Turning sharply on hard surfaces
Rough concrete
Standing in water/slurry for long periods
Dismounting when bulling

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10
Q

How do you diagnose sole bruising?

A

On examination - diffusely over whole sole
Pinch with hoof testers

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11
Q

What is slurry heel?

A

Heel erosion

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12
Q

What causes heel erosion?

A

Standing in wet corrosive faeces and silage

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of heel erosion/slurry heel?

A

Usually asymptomatic
But often accompanies other diseases

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14
Q

How do you treat heel erosion/slurry heel?

A

Formalin foot baths
Trimming to restore foot balance

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15
Q

What is the prognosis of heel erosion?

A

Good if treated early

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16
Q

What happens if heel erosion is not treated?

A

Heel disappears
Backward rotation of foot
Overgrowth of toe
Sole ulceration

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17
Q

What causes sand cracks/vertical fissures to occur?

A

Hot dry sandy conditions in the summer
Damage to the periople
Damage to coronary band

18
Q

Why can damage to the periople cause sand cracks?

A

It produces a waxy layer than prevents wall drying out

19
Q

How do you treat sand cracks?

A

Trim out crack
Drain abscesses
Block

20
Q

What is the prognosis for sand cracks in cows?

A

Moderate - can be difficult to treat as takes long time to grow out
Poor - if coronary band/periople damaged

21
Q

What are horizontal fissures also called?

A

Hardship lines

22
Q

What can cause horizontal fissures?

A

Severe toxic condition

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of horizontal fissures?

A

Asymptomatic unless
Laminae get infected
Movement causes granulomas
Break off when grow out

24
Q

What is the treatment/prognosis of horizontal fissures?

A

Trim cracks
Drain abscesses
Difficult if all 8 claws are affected - can be poor prognosis

25
Q

What can cause interdigital skin hyperplasia (fibromas, granulomas)?

A

Chronic irritation/infection/impaction of the interdigital area - two small flaps of skin
Chronic floot lesions
Poor conformation/abnormal gait

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of interdigital skin hyperplasia (fibromas, granulomas)?

A

Usually asymptomatic
Lameness if infected or pinching when walking

27
Q

How do you treat interdigital skin hyperplasia (fibromas, granulomas)?

A

Antibiotics if infected
Trim horn from interdigital space
Resect under local anaesthesia

28
Q

What is the prognosis for interdigital skin hyperplasia (fibromas, granulomas)?

A

Good but recurrence is common

29
Q

What often causes fracture of the distal phalanx?

A

Following a fall or sudden impact onto hard surface
Eg. bulling

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of fracture of the distal phalanx?

A

Acute onset lameness
Cross legged stance to reduce weight on affect claw

31
Q

How do you diagnose fracture of the distal phalanx?

A

Difficult - diagnosis by exclusion, no other lesions on foot

32
Q

What is the treatment for fracture of the distal phalanx?

A

NSAIDs
Rest in deep straw

33
Q

What causes deep digital sepsis?

A

Other diseases
eg. sole ulcers
Foul
Fissures

34
Q

What is the treatment of deep digital sepsis?

A

Digit amputation

35
Q

If a cow is walking on an overgrown claw, what structure is at risk of being damaged?

A

Corium

36
Q

What structure protects the corium from pinching by P3?

A

The digital cushion

37
Q

Where is P3 most mobile?

A

Most caudal point above digital cushion

38
Q

Which claw takes the most bodyweight?

A

Front foot - inner claw

39
Q

What claw do we see most lameness in cattle?

A

Hind foot – outer claw

40
Q

How quickly does a white line lesion grow out?

A

5mm a week

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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