Onco: Prevention and Screening Flashcards
6 components of education and healthful habits for cancer prevention
SPEDS
- Smoking Cessation
- Physical Activity
- Energy Balance
- Diet
- Sun Avoidance
True about smoking cessation in cancer prevention EXCEPT
a. Tobacco smoking is a strong modifiable risk factor for cancer
b. smokers have a 50% lifetime risk of dying prematurely from a tobacco related cancer, CV, pulmo disease
c. Cancer of the esophagus is tobacco related
d. Light and low tar cigarettes are not safer
B; 1 in 3 chance of dying from tobacco related disease
Give 9 tobacco related cancers
LOL CP BEKS
Lung
oropharynx
larynx
colon
pancreas
bladder
esophagus
stomach
kidney
Those who stop smoking have a _____ lower 10-year lung cancer mortality rate compared to those who continue smoking.
30 to 50%
Smoking one or two cigars daily increase risk for oral and esophageal cancers by: ____
two times as much
Smoking three or four cigars daily increases risk for oral cancers more than ________
eightfold
Smoking three or four cigars daily increases risk for esophageal cancers more than ________
fourfold
What type of cancer is linked to carcinogens dissolved in saliva and swallowed?
Esophageal
Physical activity is associated with decreased risk in what types of cancer?
Breast and colon
Diets high in fat are associated with increased risk for cancers of the (4)
Breast
Colon
Prostate
Endometrium
T/F Dietary fat can cause cancer
F; this has not yet been proven
In observational studies, dietary fiber is associated with reduced risk of _______ and ______
colonic polyps, and invasive cancer of the colon; but not proven in clinical trial
BMI beyond which risk of certain cancers appear to increase
25 kg/m2
Cancers with linear association with increased BMI
GK CULT
gallbladder kidney cervix uterus leukemia thyroid
Non linear positive associations BMI and what type of cancers?
COLP
colon
ovarian
liver
postmenopausal breast CA
High BMI have an inverse association with what type of cancers?
Prostate and premenopausal breast cancer
Risk factors for melanoma (3)
SAB
sunburn propensity
atypical nevi
bening melanocytic nevi, large numbers of
T/F
Non melanoma skin cancers (basal and squamous cell) are induced by cumulative exposure to UV radiation
T
T/F
Intermittent sun exposure and sun damage have been consistently linked to melanoma
F
3 goals of cancer chemoprevention
- reverse
- suppress
- prevent
carcinogenesis
Chemoprevention for upper aerodigestive tract cancer
smoking cessation
HPV vaccine
B carotene supplementation (though this is not proven)
Chemoprevention for colon cancer
NSAIDs, COX-2 Inhibitors, calcium
Chemoprevention for breast cancer
Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, Aromatase Inhibitor
Tamoxifen prevent breast cancer but increases risk for what cancer?
Endometrial CA
Effect of tamoxifen on bones
reduced bone fractures
Chemoprevention for breast CA that does not increase risk for endometrial CA
Raloxifene
Chemoprevention for Prostate CA
Finasteride
Dutasteride
Finasteride and Dutasteride are under what class of drugs?
5 alpha reductase inhibitors
Primary prevention for cervical cancer
Safe sex
HPV vaccination
Smoking cessation/no smoking, primary prevention for
CA of mout, lung, oral, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, cervix
no moldy food
no vinyl chloride workplace
and hep B vaccination
Primary prevention for
liver cancer
no asbestos in workplace prevents
lung cancer
high dietary fruits and veggies protect against which cancers?
colorectal
gastric
esophagus
Surgical prevention for cancer
bilateral mastectomy
bilateral salpingo oophorectomy
HPV strains causing genital papillomas
HPV 6 and 11
Main HPV strains responsible for >70% of cervical cancer worldwide
HPV 16, 18
Relative risk reductions of prophylactic oophorectomy for prevention of breast cancer in women with genetic mutations
50%
Relative risk reductions of prophylactic oophorectomy for prevention prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy and a reduced incidence of ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer
36%
reduction in breast cancer risk in moderate-risk women when compared to expected rates, after prophylactic mastectomy
100%
Screening can potentially reduce disease-specific deaths and has been shown to do so in which types of cancers? (4)
cervical
colon
lung
breast
AS UPSTF guidelines, women aged _____ years should have mammography every 2 years
50-74 years
UPSTF recommendation for MRI as screening for breast CA
insufficient evidence
ACS guidelines for mammography: women aged _____ should be screened annually
45-54 years
UPSTF Recommendations for pap test in cervical cancer prevention
women 21-65 years screen every ______
3 years
