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M3 > Onco: Prevention and Screening > Flashcards

Onco: Prevention and Screening Flashcards

1
Q

6 components of education and healthful habits for cancer prevention

A

SPEDS

  1. Smoking Cessation
  2. Physical Activity
  3. Energy Balance
  4. Diet
  5. Sun Avoidance
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2
Q

True about smoking cessation in cancer prevention EXCEPT

a. Tobacco smoking is a strong modifiable risk factor for cancer
b. smokers have a 50% lifetime risk of dying prematurely from a tobacco related cancer, CV, pulmo disease
c. Cancer of the esophagus is tobacco related
d. Light and low tar cigarettes are not safer

A

B; 1 in 3 chance of dying from tobacco related disease

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3
Q

Give 9 tobacco related cancers

A

LOL CP BEKS

Lung
oropharynx
larynx

colon
pancreas

bladder
esophagus
stomach
kidney

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4
Q

Those who stop smoking have a _____ lower 10-year lung cancer mortality rate compared to those who continue smoking.

A

30 to 50%

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5
Q

Smoking one or two cigars daily increase risk for oral and esophageal cancers by: ____

A

two times as much

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6
Q

Smoking three or four cigars daily increases risk for oral cancers more than ________

A

eightfold

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7
Q

Smoking three or four cigars daily increases risk for esophageal cancers more than ________

A

fourfold

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8
Q

What type of cancer is linked to carcinogens dissolved in saliva and swallowed?

A

Esophageal

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9
Q

Physical activity is associated with decreased risk in what types of cancer?

A

Breast and colon

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10
Q

Diets high in fat are associated with increased risk for cancers of the (4)

A

Breast
Colon
Prostate
Endometrium

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11
Q

T/F Dietary fat can cause cancer

A

F; this has not yet been proven

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12
Q

In observational studies, dietary fiber is associated with reduced risk of _______ and ______

A

colonic polyps, and invasive cancer of the colon; but not proven in clinical trial

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13
Q

BMI beyond which risk of certain cancers appear to increase

A

25 kg/m2

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14
Q

Cancers with linear association with increased BMI

A

GK CULT

gallbladder
kidney
cervix
uterus
leukemia
thyroid
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15
Q

Non linear positive associations BMI and what type of cancers?

A

COLP

colon
ovarian
liver
postmenopausal breast CA

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16
Q

High BMI have an inverse association with what type of cancers?

A

Prostate and premenopausal breast cancer

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17
Q

Risk factors for melanoma (3)

A

SAB

sunburn propensity
atypical nevi
bening melanocytic nevi, large numbers of

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18
Q

T/F

Non melanoma skin cancers (basal and squamous cell) are induced by cumulative exposure to UV radiation

A

T

19
Q

T/F

Intermittent sun exposure and sun damage have been consistently linked to melanoma

A

F

20
Q

3 goals of cancer chemoprevention

A
  1. reverse
  2. suppress
  3. prevent

carcinogenesis

21
Q

Chemoprevention for upper aerodigestive tract cancer

A

smoking cessation
HPV vaccine

B carotene supplementation (though this is not proven)

22
Q

Chemoprevention for colon cancer

A

NSAIDs, COX-2 Inhibitors, calcium

23
Q

Chemoprevention for breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, Aromatase Inhibitor

24
Q

Tamoxifen prevent breast cancer but increases risk for what cancer?

A

Endometrial CA

25
Q

Effect of tamoxifen on bones

A

reduced bone fractures

26
Q

Chemoprevention for breast CA that does not increase risk for endometrial CA

A

Raloxifene

27
Q

Chemoprevention for Prostate CA

A

Finasteride

Dutasteride

28
Q

Finasteride and Dutasteride are under what class of drugs?

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitors

29
Q

Primary prevention for cervical cancer

A

Safe sex

HPV vaccination

30
Q

Smoking cessation/no smoking, primary prevention for

A

CA of mout, lung, oral, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, cervix

31
Q

no moldy food
no vinyl chloride workplace
and hep B vaccination

Primary prevention for

A

liver cancer

32
Q

no asbestos in workplace prevents

A

lung cancer

33
Q

high dietary fruits and veggies protect against which cancers?

A

colorectal
gastric
esophagus

34
Q

Surgical prevention for cancer

A

bilateral mastectomy

bilateral salpingo oophorectomy

35
Q

HPV strains causing genital papillomas

A

HPV 6 and 11

36
Q

Main HPV strains responsible for >70% of cervical cancer worldwide

A

HPV 16, 18

37
Q

Relative risk reductions of prophylactic oophorectomy for prevention of breast cancer in women with genetic mutations

A

50%

38
Q

Relative risk reductions of prophylactic oophorectomy for prevention prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy and a reduced incidence of ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer

A

36%

39
Q

reduction in breast cancer risk in moderate-risk women when compared to expected rates, after prophylactic mastectomy

A

100%

40
Q

Screening can potentially reduce disease-specific deaths and has been shown to do so in which types of cancers? (4)

A

cervical
colon
lung
breast

41
Q

AS UPSTF guidelines, women aged _____ years should have mammography every 2 years

A

50-74 years

42
Q

UPSTF recommendation for MRI as screening for breast CA

A

insufficient evidence

43
Q

ACS guidelines for mammography: women aged _____ should be screened annually

A

45-54 years

44
Q

UPSTF Recommendations for pap test in cervical cancer prevention

women 21-65 years screen every ______

A

3 years

M3 (66 decks)

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