Onco - Lung Bk Epid Flashcards
primary cause of lung cancer worldwide
tobacco smoking
most common cause of cancer death
lung cancer
lung cancer is uncommon below age __ with rates increasing until age ___ after which the rate tapers off
40, 80
lifetime probability among males
8%
lifetime probability among females
6%
true about lung CA risk factors EXCEPT
a. cigarette smokers have a 5-fold greater increased risk of developing lung CA compared to those who have never smoked
b. one genetic mutation induced every 10 cigarettes
c. long- term former smokers have the same risks as those who have never smoked
d. prior lung diseases like TB are not linked to increased risks of lung cancer
e. AOTA
E
a. 10-fold greater
b. one mutation every 15 cigarettes
c. long term former smokers have increased risk compared to never smokers
d. prior lung diseases like chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and tuberculosis have been linked to increased risks of lung cancer
Stopping tobacco use before middle age avoids more than ___% lung CA risk attributable to tobacco
90%
true about smoking cessation
a. cutting back on smoking without complete cessation is significantly beneficial
b. there is no benefit in smoking cessation once you are diagnosed with lung cancer
c. bupropion is an antidepressant that is used in smoking cessation therapy
d. self-help strategies alone is an effective smoking cessation strategy
e. AOTA
C
a. little benefit
b. it is beneficial and therefore advised
d. counseling + pharmacotherapy significantly increase rates of cessation
First line treatments for nicotine dependence
antidepressant (bupropion)
nicotine replacement tx (varenicline, a a1b2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist
second line treatment for smoking cessation
clonidine, nortriptyline
True about inherited predisposition to lung cancer EXCEPT
a. exposure to environmental carcinoges induce transformation from bronchoepithelial cells to malignant phenotype
b. P450 enzyme CYP1A1 and chromosome fragility are associated with development of lung cancer
c. genetic variations occur at high frequency and contribution to individual’s lung cancer risk is generally high.
d. First degree relatives of lunf cancer probands have a 2-3 fold excess risk of lung cancer than other cancers
e. AOTA
C. high frequency but low contribution to risk
inherited mutations that predispose to lung CA
RB
p53
three separate loci associated with lung cancer
5p15
6p21
15q25
the three separate loci associated with lung cancer are
5p15
6p21
15q25
they include genes that regulate the ff except
a. acetylcholine nicotinic receptors
b. acetylcholine muscarinic receptors
c. telomerase production
d. NOTA
B
Lung cancer susceptibility germline mutation involving EGFR
T790M mutation
