CMD - Edema Flashcards
clinically apparent increase in interstitial fluid volume which may expand to several liters before abnromality is evident
Edema
gross, generalized edema a.k.a
anasarca
accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity
hydrothorax
True of mechanism of edema EXCEPT
a. hydrostatic pressure increases in the capillary bed upstream proximal to the obstruction
b. fluid is transferred from the bascular to the interstitial space causing local edema
c. effective arterial blood is reduced
d. leads to retention of salt and water until deficit in plasma concentration has been corrected
D; plasma volume
restriction of lymphatic flow results in increased protein concentration in the interstitial fluid. Aggravates retention of fluid
Lymphedema
Involved in the mechanism of edema in congestive heart failure a. impaired filling of the ventricle
b. impaired emptying of the ventricle
c. both
d. neither
C
primary alteration in nephrotic syndrome
diminished colloid oncotic pressure due to losses of large quantitites of protein in the urine
T of nephrotic syndrome and other hypoabuminemic states
a. does nnot cause hypovolemia
b. promotes net fluid into the intravascular space
c. involves RAAS
d. NOTA
e. AOTA
C
T/F edema can happen in nephrotic syndrome even in the absence of severe hypoalbuminemia
T
True of liver cirrhosis
a. characerized by hepatic venous outflow blocakde which in turn contracts the splanchnic blood volume
b. decreases hepatic lymph formation
c. intrahepatic hypertension is a potent stimulus for renal sodium retention
d. NOTA
C
a. expands splanchnic blood volume
b. increases hepatic lymph formation
True of liver cirrhosis
a. hypoalbuminemia can occur due to decreased synthesis
b. hypoalbuminemia causes reduction in effective arterial blood volume
c. activation of RAAS contributes to salt and water retaining mechanisms
d. AOTA
D
mechanisms of drug induced edema
renal vasoconstriction
NSAIDS and cyclosporine
mechanisms of drug induced edema
arteriolar dilatation
vasodilators
mechanisms of drug induced edema
augmented renal sodium reabsorption
steroid hormones
mechanisms of drug induced edema
capillary damage
interleukin 2
large diurnal weight changes suggest an increase in
capillary permeability
Dirunal weight changes fluctuate in severity and to be aggravated by
a. hot weather
b. cold weather
c. both
d. neither
A
localized edema
a. limited to 1 leg
b. limited to 1 arm
c. both arms
d. AOTA
e. A and B only
D
paralysis _______ lymphatic and venous drainage on _____ side and maybe responsible for unilateral edema
reduces
affected
Edema resulting from hypoproteinemia
a. localized
b. especially in very soft tissues of the periorbital area
c. most pronounced in the morning
d. NOTA
C
a. generalized
b. tissues of the eyelid
True about edema associated with heart failure
a. tends to be more extensive in the face
b. accentuated in the mornng
c. severe heart failure may cause ascites
d. when patient have been confined to bed, edema may be most prominent in the lower extremities
C
a - legs
b - evening
d- presacral
local tenderness and warmth suggest
inflammation
local cyanosis signify
venous obstruction
JVP in liver cirrhosis
a. normal
b. high
c. low
A
