Onco - Lung ED Screen

Question 1

True abou early detection and screening of lung cancer EXCEPT

a. clinical outcome is related to the stage at diagnosis
b. early detection involves screening tests, surveillance up to diagnosis
c. screening refers to the use of tests across a healthy population in order to identify individuals who harbor asymptomatic disease
d. a good screening program includes high burden of disease within a target population and test must be sensitive, specific, accessible, and cost-effective and there must be effective treatment that can reduce mortality

Answer 1

B. early treatment is included in early detection

Question 2

detecting cancer earlier without an effect on survival

Answer 2

lead time bias

Question 3

indolent cancers are detected on screening and may not affect survival, whereas aggressive cancers are likely to cause symptoms earlier in patients and are less likely to be detected

Answer 3

length-time bias

Question 4

diagnosing cancers so slow growing that they are unlikely to cause death of the patient

Answer 4

overdiagnosis

Question 5

low dose CT screening has been recommended for all patients with the ff characteristics
age
smoking hx
exclusion

Answer 5

individuals bet 55-74
>=30 packyear hx
former smokers must have quit within the previous 15 years
individuals with previous lung cancer diagnosis, hx of hemoptysis, unexplained weight loss >15lb in the preceeding year, a chest CT within 18 mos.

Question 6

Number needed to screen to prevent one lung cancer (NLTS trial)

Answer 6

320