Non-Systems Review Questions #2 Flashcards
The risk of periosteal overheating using ultrasound can be reduced by not sonating over:
myotendinous junctions
muscle bellies
bony prominences
plastic implants
bony prominences
Application of a topical medication using ultrasound is known as:
iontophoresis
phonophoresis
fluidotherapy
diathermy
Phonophoresis
The two most effective and commonly used ultrasound coupling mediums are:
water and air
water and gel
gel and air
gel and mineral oils
water and gel
Phonophoresis typically administers all of the following medications transdermally except:
lidocaine
methotrexate
dexamethasone
hydrocortisone
Methrotrexate
The duty cycle of an ultrasound treatment denotes the ratio of:
- on time to total time
- highest to lowest intensity
- size of the crystal to the size of the sound head
- the effective radiating area to the peak intensity
On time to total time
A patient complaining of a sharp burning pain while receiving continuous ultrasound over the acromion may most likely be experiencing:
a normal response
tetanic muscle contraction
periosteal irritation
cavitation
Periosteal irritation
Which of the following will increase the absorption of topical medication when using phonophoresis on the forearm?
dehydration
thick callous
preheating the skin
elevating the extremity
Preheating the skin
Ultrasound using water immersion would be most likely used to treat the:
cervical spine
shoulder
hip
ankle
ankle
What are the units associated with ultrasound frequency?
cm2
W/cm2
Hertz
Megahertz
Megahertz
Which measure is used to express duty cycle when using ultrasound?
percent
watts per centimeter squared
centimeters squared
Hertz
percent
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for the use of therapeutic ultrasound using non-thermal effects?
over the knee on a woman has had a total knee arthroplasty
over closed epiphyseal plates
on the left shoulder of a patient with a cardiac pacemaker
over a region of acute swelling
On the left shoulder of a patient with a cardiac pacemaker
Which of the following settings is most appropriate when treating a patient with chronic lateral epicondylitis?
pulsed mode, 1 MHz
pulsed mode, 3 MHz
continuous mode, 1 MHz
continuous mode, 3 MHz
Continuous mode, 3 MHz
When using therapeutic ultrasound, what is the difference in size of the total treatment area compared to the effective radiating area of the transducer?
two times smaller
four times smaller
two times larger
four times larger
two times larger
What ultrasound frequency should be used to heat tissues 1-2 centimeters in depth?
1 MHz
3 MHz
1.0 W/cm2
1.5 W/cm2
3 MHz
The loss of energy as ultrasound waves are transmitted through tissue best describes which term?
effective radiating area
attenuation
duty cycle
temporal average intensity
attenuation
Which ultrasound parameters would be most likely used to produce nonthermal effects?
0.5 W/cm2 with a 20% duty cycle
2.0 W/cm2 with a 20% duty cycle
0.8 W/cm2
1.5 W/cm2
0.5 W/cm2 with a 20% duty cycle
Which effect would be characteristic of ultrasound utilizing thermal effects?
increased skin membrane permeability
increased facilitation of tissue repair
increased intracellular calcium levels
increased tissue extensibility
Increased tissue extensibilty
Which general rule best determines the length of treatment when using ultrasound?
a)2 minutes for every area that is 2-3 times that size of the transducer face
b) 5 minutes for every area that is 2-3 times the size of the transducer face
c) 5 minutes is the maximum treatment time regardless of the treatment area
d) 10 minutes is the maximum treatment time regardless of the treatment area
b) 5 minutes for every area that is 2-3 times the size of the transducer face
Which term is used to describe the uniformity of therapeutic ultrasound intensity?
beam nonuniformity ratio
effective radiating area
megahertz
watts per square centimeter square
beam nonuniformity ratio
he energy used during ultrasound therapy is created using a/an:
piezoelectric crystal
laser light
electrode
radio wave transmission
piezeoelectric crystal
Which physiologic principle accounts for significantly reduced joint compression when walking in waist high water?
inertia
viscosity
buoyancy
hydrostatic pressure
buoyancy
Which of the following conditions would most warrant the use of aquatic therapy as part of the plan of care?
arthritis
gangrene
maceration
sepsis
arthritits
Which of the following is not an anticipated physiological effect of aquatic physical therapy?
increased core temperature
decreased abnormal tone
pain relief
vasoconstriction
vasoconstriction
Which of the following therapeutic aquatic exercises would be easiest to perform in deeper water?
walking
side steps
step ups
marching
step ups
Which of the following conditions would be considered a contraindication to aquatic therapy?
edema
muscle strain
muscle spasm
urinary tract infection
urinary tract infection
Which modification would increase the resistance experienced by a patient when performing horizontal abduction and adduction with paddles while standing in chest deep water?
increased velocity and increased paddle size
decreased velocity and decreased paddle size
increased velocity and decreased paddle size
decreased velocity and increased paddle size
increased velocity and increased paddle size
Which of the following is not an effect of hydrostatic pressure potentially experienced by a patient in an aquatic environment?
decreased edema
decreased weight bearing
decreased venous return
decreased heart rate for a given workload
decreased venous return
A patient with a colostomy who expresses apprehension about participating in aquatic therapy should be educated by:
explaining that aquatic therapy is contraindicated for individuals with a colostomy
explaining that aquatic therapy is appropriate for individuals with a colostomy
explaining that the patient should participate in a different mode of exercise
explaining that there is a high risk of the colostomy bag contaminating the pool
explaining that aquatic therapy is appropriate for individuals with a colostomy
What percentage of body weight would be borne through the lower extremities when walking in water immersed up to the neck?
10%
30%
70%
90%
10%
