Neuromuscular Review Questions #3 Flashcards by Madelynn Kahl

Which finding is not consistent with the typical clinical presentation of Down syndrome?

transverse palmar crease
elf-like facial features
epicanthic folds
hypotonia

elf like facial features

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is the most common comorbidity present in individuals with Down syndrome?

cerebral palsy
diabetes
congenital heart defect
congenital hip dysplasia

congenital heart defect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the earliest clinical marker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

pain
fasciculations
difficulty sleeping
radiculopathy

faciculations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contralateral spastic hemiparesis and sensory loss of the face and upper extremities more than the lower extremities are the main characteristics of a stroke in which artery?

anterior cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery
cerebellar artery
middle cerebral artery

middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Atlantoaxial subluxation due to ligamentous laxity should be screened for in which of the following pathologies?

trisomy 21
osteogenesis imperfecta
myelomeningocele
arthrogryposis

trisomy 21

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Broca’s area is affected by a CVA that occurs in which of the following vessels?

anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery
basilar artery

middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the best method to facilitate elbow extension in a patient with hemiplegia?

by turning the head to the affected side
by turning the head to the uninvolved side
by extending the lower extremities
by flexing the lower extremities

by turning the head to the affected side

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A stroke affecting the left hemisphere will typically be characterized by:

impulsive behavior
impaired abstract reasoning
impaired perception of body image
difficulty processing verbal commands

difficulty processing verbal commands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Atrophy of the thenar eminence and the first and second lumbricals could result from:

ulnar neuritis
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of the radial nerve
disruption of the anterior interosseus nerve

carpal tunnel syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A selective dorsal rhizotomy is commonly performed to treat spasticity in which condition?

multiple sclerosis
transverse myelitis
myelomeningocele
spastic cerebral palsy

spastic cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is the most common type of stroke?

hemorrhagic
ischemic
transient ischemic attack
thrombotic

ischemic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An individual with speech impairments has likely sustained a stroke in which artery?

anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery
vertebrobasilar artery

middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which disease is characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons?

Guillain-Barre syndrome
multiple sclerosis
Parkinson’s disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is classified as a progressive disorder of the central nervous system?

cerebrovascular accident
traumatic brain injury
Alzheimer’s disease
vestibular disorder

Alzheimer’s disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which factor is most commonly related to cerebral palsy?

maternal smoking
maternal alcohol intake
premature birth
inadequate folic acid intake by the mother

premature birth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following conditions is described as “sensory-sparing?”

T10 spinal cord injury
multiple sclerosis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Guillain-Barre syndrome

ALS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common type of shoulder subluxation in patients with hemiplegia?

posterior subluxation
anterior subluxation
superior subluxation
inferior subluxation

inferior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What nerve becomes entrapped in carpal tunnel syndrome?

radial nerve
ulnar nerve
median nerve
medial palmar nerve

median

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is not commonly associated with Down syndrome?

intellectual disability
increased susceptibility to infection
vision or hearing impairments
increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate

increased ESR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which test would be appropriate to use on a child with cerebral palsy?

Albert Infant Motor Scale
Romberg Test
Berg Balance Test
Gross Motor Function Measure

GMFM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which lobe of the brain includes Broca’s area?

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital

frontal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following areas of the brain plays a primary role in coordination and motor behavior?

brainstem
diencephalon
cerebellum
cerebrum

cerebellum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which sulcus is pictured between the yellow and pink regions of the brain?

superior temporal sulcus
central sulcus
parieto-occipital sulcus
calcarine sulcus

central sulcus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which central neurotransmitter is primarily regarded as an excitatory transmitter at the neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle?

serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
gamma-aminobutyric acid

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following arteries is not considered to be part of the Circle of Willis? posterior communicating artery anterior communicating artery anterior cerebral artery vertebral artery

vertebral

The brainstem is made up of the: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain metencephalon, myelencephalon tectum, tegmentum midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Which of the following contains cerebrospinal fluid and the vascular supply for the cerebral cortex? epidural space subdural space subarachnoid space parietal lobe

subarachnoid space

Information traveling from the spinal cord to the periphery exits the spinal cord from the: ventral ramus lateral column ventral root anterior column

ventral root

Which is not a function of the area of the brain depicted in yellow? auditory processing executive function personality self-awareness

auditory processing

The brainstem conveys information between which structures? cerebellum and spinal cord cerebrum and spinal cord cerebellum and cerebrum spinal cord and spinal nerves

cerebrum and spinal cord

Injury to the area depicted in orange would most likely result in which impairment? Wernicke’s aphasia personality changes apraxia homonymous hemianopsia

homonymous hemianopsia

Which term is most synonymous with the short period of time following an action potential when sodium channels cannot be reactivated? repolarization period relative refractory period depolarization period absolute refractory period

absolute refractory period

In the central nervous system, which neurotransmitter is considered inhibitory? norepinephrine glutamate gamma-aminobutyric acid nitric oxide

gamma aminobutryric acid

Which division of the nervous system decreases heart rate, cardiac contractility, and stroke volume? central nervous system parasympathetic nervous system peripheral nervous system sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous

parasympathetic nervous system

The outer layer of embryonic tissue is termed: endoderm mesoderm ectoderm entoderm

ectoderm

Which structure is responsible for regulating respiration rate? A B C D

The spinal cord ends at approximately what vertebral level? L2 L3 L4 L5

Which of the following would not be considered part of the basal ganglia? caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus pons

pons

Which part of the brain is identified by the arrow? corpus callosum cerebral cortex thalamus gyrus cinguli

corpus callosum

Which structure in the brain regulates the autonomic nervous system? hypothalamus thalamus frontal lobe medulla oblongata

hypothalamus

The large opening in the skull through which the spinal cord passes is called the: foramen magnum foramen ovale foramen spinosum jugular foramen

foramen magnum

The putamen and globus pallidus together make up which nucleus in the basal ganglia? subthalamic nucleus red nucleus lentiform nucleus substantia nigra

lentiform nucleus

What area of the brain and spinal cord contain the aggregation of nerve cell bodies? grey matter white matter axons microglia

grey matter

What is the term for an alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates? motor unit gamma unit alpha unit sensory unit

motor unit

What type of peripheral nerve fibers are unmyelinated? A beta A delta A alpha C fibers

C fibers

What motor skill would be the last to occur assuming normal development? creeping cruising walking forward walking backward

walking backward

Question 2 of 15 Which progression of activities is consistent with the sequence anticipated assuming normal development? quadruped, sitting, standing prone on elbows, crawling, pull to stand kneeling, propped sitting, standing half-kneeling, sitting, bridging

prone on elbows, crawling, pull to stand

The growth and development of an infant occurs in which direction? distal to proximal proximal to distal caudal to cephalad dorsal to ventra

proximal to distal

During normal development, what often happens to previously learned skills when a child develops a new skill such as walking? improved performance of fine motor skills regression in performance of skills increased postural control immediate abandonment of less advanced skills

regression in performance of skills

During normal development, which activity would most likely not occur prior to 8 months of age? rolling from prone to supine sitting independently cruising Supports weight on one hand to reach for toy

cruising

At what age should a child be able to sit unsupported? 7 months 8 months 10 months 12 months

seven months

According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which age group is most consistent with the emergence of an understanding of cause and effect? 0-2 years old 2-4 years old 4-7 years old 7-12 years old

7-12 years old

Which measurement instrument would best assess the gross motor skills of a nine month old? Alberta Infant Motor Scale Gross Motor Function Measure Denver Development Screening Bruininks-Oseretsky Test

alberta infanct motor scale

A child at which age would be considered a toddler? 9 months 28 months 38 months 42 months

28 months

In which stage of child development does the child develop the ability to dress themselves? infant toddler preschooler school-age children

pre school

Which gross motor skill would be considered the most advanced for a normal developing six-month-old infant? independent sitting neck flexion during pull-to-sit cruising on furniture rolls from supine to prone

cruising on furniture

Which of the following is an atypical gross motor skill for an infant? bunny hop crawling lateral cruising on furniture reciprocal creeping independent rolling and sitting

bunny hop crawl

A preterm infant refers to a baby that is born prior to: 40 weeks gestation 39 weeks gestation 38 weeks gestation 37 weeks gestation

37 weeks gestation

Which fontanel typically closes within two to three months of birth? anterior fontanel posterior fontanel lateral fontanel inferior fontanel

posterior fontanel

Which timeframe would be most consistent with an infant developing pincer grasp? 4-6 months 7-9 months 10-12 months 13-15 months

10-12 months

Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of Parkinson’s disease? resting tremors hyporeflexia bradykinesia rigidity

hyporeflexia

Most individuals diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome return to their prior level of function within: 6 months 1 year 2 years 4 years

1 year

Which form of multiple sclerosis is characterized by exacerbations that can last days to months and are typically followed by periods of improved function? relapsing remitting secondary progressive primary progressive progressive relapsing

Relapsing remitting

Which form of multiple sclerosis is characterized by periods of symptoms and reduction in symptoms followed by a slow, steady progression of increasing disability? relapsing remitting secondary progressive primary progressive progressive relapsing

secondary progressive

Which neurodegenerative disease presents with weakness primarily due to the destruction of acetylcholine receptors in muscle tissue? Guillain-Barre syndrome multiple sclerosis myasthenia gravis spinal muscular atrophy

Huntington’s disease is a degenerative disease of which of the following structures? cerebrum basal ganglia pons neuromuscular junction

basal ganglia

Parkinson’s disease primarily affects what structure? caudate nuclei lentiform nuclei substantia nigra red nucleus

substantia nigra

When treating an individual with multiple sclerosis it would be most appropriate to conduct sessions that include resistance training at what time? 9 a.m. 12 p.m. 3 p.m. 6 p.m.

9 a.m. When treating an individual with multiple sclerosis, treatment sessions are best in the morning when body core temperatures tend to be lowest and before fatigue sets in. Exercising at a moderate intensity is recommended to reduce excess fatigue and avoid increasing in core body temperature.

Which type of tremor is most commonly seen in patients with Parkinson’s disease? resting action cerebellar psychogenic

resting

Reduced expressiveness of the face is defined as: parasthesia hypokinesia trigeminal neuralgia hypomimia

hypomimia

Which of the following macronutrients would be most important to limit in a patient with Parkinson’s disease? sugar fat carbohydrate protein

protein A high protein diet can block the effectiveness of the medication Levodopa by competing with it for absorption in the body. Patients are generally advised to follow a high calorie, low protein diet with no more than 15% of calories coming from protein.

Which brain structure is impacted in Parkinson’s disease resulting in the depletion of dopamine? hypothalamus thalamus subthalamus substantia nigra

substantia nigr

Chorea and dementia are typical clinical signs of which neurologic disorder? multiple sclerosis Guillain-Barre syndrome Parkinson's disease Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease

Which of the following hereditary neurologic conditions is characterized by random degeneration of muscle fibers resulting in a progressive decrease in muscle force production? cerebral palsy Parkinson's disease Down syndrome muscular dystrophy

muscular dystrophy

A traumatic distraction injury to the C5-C6 cervical roots of the brachial plexus is known as: Erb's palsy Klumpke's palsy radicular paralysis Lhermitte's sign

Erb's palsy

Myasthenia gravis typically affects which muscle group first? muscles of mastication muscles of the eye proximal shoulder and hip muscles intrinsic muscles of the hand

Muscles of the eye

Micrographia is an impairment typically observed in what condition? Parkinson's disease multiple sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Guillain-Barre syndrome

PD Micrographia is defined as abnormally small handwriting

What basal ganglia disorder results in involuntary, irregular isolated movements? Huntington's disease Parkinson's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Wilson's disease

Huntington's disease

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disease that destroys the acetylcholine receptors of muscle cells? Huntington’s chorea Parkinson’s disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis myasthenia gravis

Erb’s palsy results from injury to which structure? cranial nerves left atrium upper brachial plexus lower brachial plexus

upper brachial plexus