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NPTE Exam > Neuromuscular: Study Set 3 > Flashcards

Neuromuscular: Study Set 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Is gray matter or white matter composed of nerves without dendrites

A

white

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2
Q

Is gray matter or white matter composed of capillaries, dendrites, glial cells, and cell bodies

A

gray

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3
Q

Is gray matter or white matter unmyelinated

A

gray

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4
Q

Is gray matter or white matter myelinated

A

white

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5
Q

Do cranial nerves and spinal nerves belong to the CNS or PNS

A

PNS

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6
Q

Spinal nerves each have an anterior root and a posterior root. What are the roles of each of these nerve roots

A

the posterior root is afferent meaning it carries sensory information to the CNS to be processed

the anterior root is efferent meaning it carries out motor information away from the CNS

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7
Q

What are the two divisions of the ANS and their definitons

A
  1. sympathetic division - prepares the body for emergence response via norepinephrine neurotransmitter
  2. Parasympathetic division - conserving and restoring energy via acetylcholine neurotransmitter
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8
Q

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for a fight or flight response

A

norepinephrine

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9
Q

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for calming the body and inhibiting the fight or flight response

A

acetylcholine

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10
Q

What is the somatic nervous system composed of

A

peripheral and motor nerve fibers that are all myelinated.

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11
Q

True or False

The five senses are influenced by the ANS

A

False, SNS

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12
Q

What is the limbic system responsible for

A

controlling mood and emotions as well as processing and storage of recent memory. Olfaction, control of appetite, and emotional responses to food happen here

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13
Q

What behaviors might arise is there is a lesion in the limbic system

A

aggression, extreme fearfulness, altered sexual behavior, and changes in motivation

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14
Q

What structure in the brain relays information from ne side of the brain to the other side

A

corpus callosum

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15
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe

A

voluntary movement, speech, judgement, and reasoning. Broca’s area is in the left frontal lobe

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16
Q

Where is Broca’s area located in the brain

A

left frontal lobe

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17
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe

A

sensation of touch, vibration, and temp. Receives sensory information from other parts of the brain. Provides meaning for words and language

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18
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe

A

primary auditory and olfaction processing as well as processing other peoples emotions. Wernicke’s area in is the left temporal lobe

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19
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located in the brain

A

left temporal lobe

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20
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe

A

main center for visual information

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21
Q

Which structure of the brain is responsible for storing and retrieving memories as needed

A

hippocampus

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22
Q

Which structure of the brain is responsible for voluntary movement, posture, muscle tone, and control of motor responses

A

basal ganglia

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23
Q

Which structure of the brain is responsible for emotional and social processing as well as fear, pleasure, or arousal.

A

amygdala

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24
Q

Which structure of the brain is known at the relay center for processing sensory information and executing movement

A

thalamus

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25
Which structure of the brain receives and integrates information from the ANS and assists in hunger, thirst, regulating hormones/glands, sleep, and body temperature.
Hypothalamus
26
The tectum and the tegmentum are the two key areas of the midbrain. Which of the two includes superior and inferior colliculi
tectum
27
The tectum and the tegmentum are the two key areas of the midbrain. Which of the two includes the cerebral aqueduct, periaqueductal gray, reticular formation, substantia nigra, and red nucleus
tegmentum
28
Which structure of the brain coordinates movement, posture, and balance
Cerebellum
29
True or false An cerebellar lesion will produce ipsilateral impairments
true
30
Which structure of the brain assists with regulation of respiration rate and is where cranial nerves five through eight originate
pons
31
Which structure of the brain regulates HR and RR, as well as is a reflex center for vomiting, coughing, and sneezing.
Medulla
32
True or false A medulla oblongata lesion will produce ipsilateral impairments
false, contralateral
33
Which structure of the brain cranial nerves nine through twelve originate
medulla oblongata
34
Branches of which two arteries form the circle of willis
internal carotid and two vertebral arteries
35
If damage occurs to the ACA, what deficits are expected
contralateral LE motor and sensory loss of bowel and bladder Aphasia, apraxia, agraphia behavioral and mental changes
35
If damage occurs to the MCA, what deficits are expected
contralateral weakness and sensory loss of face and UE more than LE. Wernicke's aphasia if in dom. hem. homonymous hemianopsia Flat affect with right hem. impaired spatial relations agnosia
35
If damage occurs to the VBA, what deficits are expected
loss of consciousness hemiplegia comatose or locked in syndrome inability to speak vertigo, nystagmus, dysphagia, dysarthria, syncope
35
If damage occurs to the PCA, what deficits are expected
contralateral pain and temp loss contralateral hemiplegia ataxia thalamic pain syndrome visual deficits memory alexia, dyslexia
35
what is apraxia
difficulty initiating movement or speech
36
what is agnosia
inability to process sensory information
37
what is agraphia
inability to communicate through writing
38
what is alexia
inability to read or process written words
39
What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis
fever, headache, vomiting stiff, painful neck and posterior thigh Brudzinski's sign Kernig's sign sensitivity to light
40
What is the gold standard for diagnosing meningitis
lumbar puncture
41
at what age is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex present
2 to 3 months
42
What does standing posture look like in a 2-3 month old
poor weightbearing, flexed hips and knees, hips behind shoulders
43
At what age does a child bear weight through arms while in a prone position
4-5 months
44
at what age does a child roll from supine to on their side
4 to 5 months
45
at what age does a child roll from supine to prone
six to seven months
46
at what age does a child lift its head and help out when pulled ro sitting
six to seven months
47
at what age does a child get into hands and knees
eight to nine months
48
at what age is a child crawling
eight to nine months
49
at what age is a child furniture walking
eight to nine months
50
at what age can a child briefly stand unsupported but can walk with both hands held
ten to eleven months
51
at what age does a child start to walk
one year to fifteen months
52
at what age does a child walk upstairs with one hand held
sixteen months to two years
53
at what age is a child kicking and throwing a ball
sixteen months to 2 years
54
at what age is a child riding a tricycle, running, and hopping on one foot
two years
55
at what age is a child hopping, walking, or jumping with coordination for longer distaces/time
3 to 4 years
56
at what age does a child skip and gallop
5 to eight years
57
What is brudzinski sign and what is it used to diagnose
if a PT passively flexes the neck, the hips and knees with flex in reaction due to meningitis
58
What is kernig's sign and what is used to diagnose
a PT will put a leg in ninety-ninety position with the pt in supine, the extend the knee. if pain is present in the head, its positive for meningitis
59
does ALS effect more men or women
men
60
ALS presents with UMN and LMN signs. What are the LMN signs that a pt might display
asymmetric muscle weakness, fasciculations, cramping, and atrophy within the hands
61
ALS presents with UMN and LMN signs. What are the UMN signs that a pt might display
uncoordinated movements, spasticity, clonus, and positive Babinski
62
True or false ALS deficits go from proximal to distal
false, distal to proximal
63
What is bell's palsy
temporary unilateral facial paralysis due to demyelination to the facial nerve
64
what nerve is effected in carpal tunnel
median nerve
65
what is Friedreich's ataxia
a hereditary ataxia that causes gait unsteadiness early in life and overall gradual decline
66
What is the life expectancy of someone with ALS
2-5 years
67
The position of this infant is indicative of what pediatric pathology, and what is the name of this position called
waiter's tip is indicative of Erb's palsy which is a upper brachial plexus injury that occurs during birth
68

NPTE Exam (54 decks)

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