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NPTE Exam > Neuromuscular Review Questions #2 > Flashcards

Neuromuscular Review Questions #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Resistive testing of the extensor hallucis longus would be used to assess the:

L3 myotome
L4 myotome
L5 myotome
S1 myotome

A

L5

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2
Q

Which of the following movements is most appropriate for testing the L4 myotome?

unilateral squat while supported
heel walking
toe walking
seated march

A

heel walking

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3
Q

Which nerve root, if injured, would produce paresthesias in the thumb and index finger?

C5
C6
C7
C8

A

C6

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4
Q

What location should be assessed to perform sensory testing for light touch of the T1 dermatome?

deltoid area
apex of the axilla
medial side of the antecubital fossa
undefined

A

medial side of the antecubital fossa

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5
Q

Which dermatome corresponds to the L1-L2 spinal nerve roots?

posterior region of the thigh
buttock region
medial aspect of the knee
groin region

A

groin region

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6
Q

A picture is displayed of a Q-tip touching the middle finger. Sensory testing of which dermatome is being shown

C4
C6
C7
T1

A

C7

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7
Q

A patient performing shoulder abduction with dumbbells would be difficult if they had weakness in which myotome

C4
C5
C6
C7

A

C5

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8
Q

A patient with weakness in which myotome would have the greatest difficulty maintaining heel strike

L3
L4
L5
S1

A

L4

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9
Q

Which dermatome would be tested by assessing the perianal area?

L5
S1
S2
S3

A

S3

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10
Q

Which dermatome would be tested by assessing the area of the lateral and plantar aspect of the foot?

L4
S1
S3
S4

A

S1

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11
Q

Which myotome would be assessed by testing shoulder elevation?

C4
C5
C6
C7

A

C4

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12
Q

Which myotome would be assessed by testing wrist extension?

C4
C5
C6
C7

A

C6

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13
Q

Which myotome would be assessed by testing finger adduction?

C6
C7
C8
T1

A

T1

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14
Q

Which dermatome would be tested by assessing the area of the posterior head?

C2
C3
C4
C5

A

C2

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15
Q

Which myotome would be functionally tested by asking the patient to walk on their toes?

L3
L4
L5
S1

A

S1

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16
Q

Which dermatome would be tested by assessing the area of the middle third of the anterior thigh?

L2
L3
L4
L5

A

L3

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17
Q

Compression of the L2 nerve root would lead to weakness of which muscle group?

hip adductors
hip abductors
ankle plantar flexors
ankle dorsiflexors

A

hip adductors

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18
Q

At what spinal level would a disk herniation be most likely to cause weakness of the hip flexor musculature?

T12
L2
L5
S1

A

L2

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19
Q

Damage to which structure will present with neurological weakness in a single myotome?

facet joint
nerve trunk
nerve root
spinal cord

A

nerve root

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20
Q

Which dermatome would be assessed by touching a patient’s skin with a cotton ball on the dorsal surface of the great toe?

L2
L3
L5
S1

A

L5

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21
Q

The Modified Ashworth Scale is most commonly used to assess:

balance
posture
spasticity
strength

A

spasticity

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22
Q

On the Modified Ashworth Scale for grading spasticity, which grade is described as a slight increase in muscle tone manifested by a catch and release at the end of the range?

0
1
1+
3

A

1

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23
Q

What grade on the Modified Ashworth Scale would be used to describe a body part stuck rigidly in flexion or extension?

1+
2
3
4

A

4

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24
Q

Which entry in the medical record would be a potential indicator for the use of the Modified Ashworth Scale?

increased evidence of fasciculations
presence of an abnormal primitive reflex
presence of a peripheral nerve injury
increased resistance to passive stretch

A

increased resistance to passive stretch

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25
Q

According to the Modified Ashworth Scale, what grade would a therapist give a patient with the following clinical presentation: a slight increase in tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance through the remaining (less than half) of the range of motion?

1
1+
2
2

A

1+

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26
Q

The Modified Ashworth Scale is least appropriate to include in a neurological assessment for patients with which diagnosis?

traumatic brain injury
muscular dystrophy
pediatric hypertonia
spinal cord injury

A

Correct Answer: muscular dystrophy

The Modified Ashworth Scale is used to measure spasticity in patients with upper motor neuron lesions. Muscular dystrophy is considered a lower motor neuron disease caused by the absence of the gene required to produce the muscle proteins dystrophin and nebulin.

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27
Q

What is the correct technique to assess the spasticity of the hip extensors?

move the test leg from maximal flexion to extension quickly
move the test leg from maximal flexion to extension slowly
move the test leg from maximal extension to flexion quickly
move the test leg from maximal extension to flexion slowly

A

move the test leg from maximal extension to flexion quickly

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28
Q

What is the best time to assess spasticity for a patient with multiple sclerosis?

before the patient takes their anti-spasticity medication
after the patient takes their anti-spasticity medication
before and after the patient takes their anti-spasticity medication
spasticity is not typically a symptom of multiple sclerosis

A

before and after the patient takes their anti-spasticity medication

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29
Q

If a patient was determined not to be a candidate for the Modified Ashworth Scale, what other clinical measure could be utilized to assess spasticity?

Berg Balance Scale
Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning
Glasgow Coma Scale
Brunnstrom’s Stages of Recovery

A

Brunnstrom’s Stages of Recovery

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30
Q

What is the correct description for a grade of 3 on the Modified Ashworth Scale?

considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult
no increase in muscle tone
marked increase in muscle tone, affected part(s) easily moved
affected part(s) in rigid flexion or extension

A

considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult

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31
Q

What is the minimum score obtainable on the Glasgow Coma Scale?

0
1
2
3

A

3

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32
Q

Which parameter is not assessed as part of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

eye opening
motor response
reflex response
verbal response

A

reflex response

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33
Q

What is the highest attainable score on the Glasgow Coma Scale?

6
12
15
18

A

15

34
Q

Which patient response in the motor component of the Glasgow Coma Scale would receive the largest score?

extensor response
follows motor commands
localizes
withdraws

A

follows motor commands

35
Q

Spontaneous eye opening on the Glasgow Coma Scale would receive a score of:

1
2
3
4

A

4

36
Q

What three categories does the Glasgow Coma Scale evaluate?

tone, breathing, reflexes
motor response, verbal response, respiratory function
eye opening, motor response, verbal response
eye opening, verbal response, tone response

A

eye opening, motor response, verbal response

37
Q

Which of the following Glasgow Coma Scale scores indicates severe brain injury?

7
9
11
14

A

7

38
Q

A score of 5 on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates:

severe head injury
severe spasticity
moderate head injury
moderate spasticity

A

severe head injury

39
Q

Which of the following scores on a Glasgow Coma Scale is indicative of a moderate brain injury?

6
8
10
13

A

10

40
Q

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale score of a patient who withdraws from pain, converses but is confused, and opens his eyes spontaneously?

6
9
12
15

A

12

41
Q

What nerve innervates the hamstrings muscle?

obturator nerve
posterior femoral nerve
sciatic nerve
common peroneal nerve

A

sciatic

42
Q

What artery is used as a point of reference when naming the cords of the brachial plexus?

axillary artery
carotid artery
subclavian artery
vertebral

A

axillary

43
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the ulnar nerve?

anconeus
extensor carpi radialis
flexor digitorum profundus
supinator

A

FDP

44
Q

Which muscle of the lower extremity is not innervated by the tibial nerve?

flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
flexor digiti minimi
tibialis posterior

A

flexor digiti minimi

45
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the femoral nerve?

adductor longus
iliopsoas
quadriceps femoris
hamstrings

A

quadricep femoris

46
Q

Which spinal nerve roots contribute to the brachial plexus?

C1-T1
C3-C8
C5-C8
C5-T1

A

C5-T1

47
Q

Deltoid atrophy may be associated with an injury to the:

axillary nerve
median nerve
radial nerve
subclavian nerve

A

axillary nerve

48
Q

At which of the following sites might the median nerve be compressed?

passing through the two heads of the pronator teres
passing beneath the pisohamate ligament
passing between the two heads of the supinator
passing through the canal of Frohse

A

passing through the two heads of the pronator teres

49
Q

Paralysis of which nerve gives rise to scapular winging?

suprascapular nerve
long thoracic nerve
subscapular nerve
thoracodorsal nerve

A

long thoracic nerve

50
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

phrenic nerve
ventral rami of lumbar nerves L2-L4
cranial nerve V
cranial nerve XI

A

phrenic nerve

51
Q

Injury to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus could involve all of the following except:

thoracodorsal nerve
radial nerve
axillary nerve
musculocutaneous nerve

A

musculocutaneous nerve

52
Q

The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles are both innervated by which nerve?

axillary
suprascapular
lower subscapular
upper subscapular

A

suprascapular

53
Q

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the anterior division of the obturator nerve?

pectineus
adductor magnus
adductor longus
gracilis

A

adductor longus

54
Q

Which of the following nerves does not have a connection from all three trunks of the brachial plexus?

lower subscapular
radial
suprascapular
thoracodorsal

A

suprascapular

55
Q

Which nerve innervates the cremasteric muscle?

ilioinguinal nerve
obturator nerve
genitofemoral nerve
femoral nerve

A

genitofemoral nerve

56
Q

What nerve innervates the highlighted muscle in the image?

suprascapular nerve
radial nerve
spinal accessory nerve
dorsal scapular nerve

A

spinal accessory nerve

57
Q

An inability to extend the elbow could result from pathology affecting the:

dorsal nerve root of C7
ventral nerve root of C7
dorsal nerve root of C8
ventral nerve root of C6

A

ventral nerve root of C7

58
Q

What nerve is identified in the image?

deep peroneal nerve
tibial nerve
sciatic nerve
superficial peroneal nerve

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

59
Q

An inability to splay the fingers would indicate damage at which spinal segments?

C5-C6
C6-C7
C7-C8
C8-T1

A

C8-T1

60
Q

Which nerve innervates the highlighted muscle?

thoracodorsal nerve
dorsal scapular nerve
spinal accessory nerve
radial nerve

A

thoracodorsal nerve

61
Q

Which motor control theory is based on the premise that movement is controlled by stimulus-response and that reflexes are combined into actions that create behavior?

reflex theory
hierarchical theory
dynamical systems theory
motor program theory

A

reflex theory

62
Q

In which stage of motor learning is the individual highly focused on the task, attentive to all it demands, and developing an understanding of what is expected and involved in performance of the skill?

advanced
autonomous
associative
cognitive

A

cognitive

63
Q

Which term is consistent with providing feedback to an individual after they have performed the task?

knowledge of results
knowledge of performance
concurrent feedback
evaluation

A

knowledge of results

64
Q

Which term is consistent with feedback that is provided to an individual through the person’s own sensory systems as a result of the movement?

terminal feedback
inherent feedback
extrinsic feedback
augmented feedback

A

Inherent

65
Q

Which term refers to the adoption of strategies or behaviors that are different than pre-injury strategies or behaviors used to complete tasks?

regeneration
neuroplasticity
recovery
compensation

A

compensation

66
Q

What stage of motor learning would most commonly occur after a patient is discharged from physical therapy?

associative stage
cognitive stage
acquisition stage
autonomous stage

A

autonomous stage

67
Q

Which strategy would be the most appropriate to make a task more difficult during the autonomous stage of motor learning?

dual-task training
demonstrating the task for the patient
allowing the patient to plan the movement
providing feedback on how to improve the task

A

dual task training

68
Q

Providing an individual with feedback while performing a task is an example of:

concurrent feedback
parallel feedback
terminal feedback
intrinsic feedback

A

concurrent

69
Q

Knowledge of results is best described as:

feedback during the movement regarding movement patterns
feedback about the overall outcome of the movement in relation to the goal
feedback about the movement prior to initiation of the task
feedback every other trial

A

feedback about the overall outcome of the movement in relation to the goal

70
Q

Providing feedback on the quality of the movement pattern during the performance of the task is termed:

terminal feedback
knowledge of performance
concurrent feedback
knowledge of results

A

knowledge of performance

71
Q

Which term refers to a practice sequence organized around one task performed repeatedly without interruption by practice of any other task?

blocked
random
massed
distributed

A

blocked

72
Q

Which term refers to a practice sequence organized around a variety of tasks ordered arbitrarily across trials?

blocked
random
massed
distributed

A

random

73
Q

Proprioceptive, visual, vestibular and cutaneous signals are examples of what kind of feedback?

extrinsic
augmented
terminal feedback
intrinsic

A

intrinsic

74
Q

Which of the following refers to the ability of the brain to change and repair itself?

regeneration
neuroplasticity
recovery
compensation

A

neuroplasticity

75
Q

Which of the following is a proactive strategy that uses sensory information obtained from experience?

feedback control
feedforward control
suspensory strategy
stepping strategy

A

feedforward control

76
Q

Which type of practice may be the most beneficial for a patient that is prone to fatigue?

massed
distributed
blocked
random

A

Distributed

77
Q

Which of the following terms is most consistent with an increase in an elicited behavior from repeated presentation of a stimulus?

habituation
sensitization
adaptation
modeling

A

sensitization

78
Q

Which of the following terms is most consistent with a learned decrease or cessation of a response to a stimulus after repeated presentations?

habituation
sensitization
adaptation
modeling

A

habituation

79
Q

When learning a new motor skill, what form of extrinsic feedback best promotes long-term learning?

immediate knowledge of results
summary knowledge of results
immediate knowledge of performance
summary knowledge of performance

A

summary knowledge of results

80
Q

What term is used to describe the ability to initiate movement through a functional range of motion?

hypertonia
stability
mobility
skill

A

mobility

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