Musculoskeletal: Study Set 4 Flashcards
What are the three main energy systems
Hint: They start with the letter A
- ATP or phosphagen system
- Anaerobic Glycosis or lactid acid
- Aerobic or Oxygen system
Which energy system is used for high intensity, short duration exercise
1. ATP or phosphagen system
2. Anaerobic Glycosis or lactid acid
3. Aerobic or Oxygen system
ATP AND anaerobic glycosis
Which energy system would be used if you were to sprint 100 meters
1. ATP or phosphagen system
2. Anaerobic Glycosis or lactid acid
3. Aerobic or Oxygen system
ATP
The ATP energy system provides energy for muscle contraction for up to ____ seconds
15 seconds
True or False:
The ATP energy system does not depend on oxygen that we breathe to transport to working muscles
true
Where are ATP and PC stored?
directly within the contractile mechanisms of the muscle
Which energy system would be used if you were to sprint 400 or 800 meters
1. ATP or phosphagen system
2. Anaerobic Glycosis or lactid acid
3. Aerobic or Oxygen system
- anaerobic or lactic acid`
The anaerobic glycolysis/lactic acid energy system provides energy for muscle contraction for _____ seconds
30-40 seconds
Which energy system is used for low intensity, long duration exercise
1. ATP or phosphagen system
2. Anaerobic Glycosis or lactid acid
3. Aerobic or Oxygen system
- aerobic or oxygen system
Which energy system would be used if you were to run a marathon
1. ATP or phosphagen system
2. Anaerobic Glycosis or lactid acid
3. Aerobic or Oxygen system
- Aerobic or oxygen system
What is the location, distribution, and sensitivity of free ending joint receptors
location- joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, and fat pads
sensitivity - noxious and non-noxious stimuli
distribution - all joints
What is the location, distribution, and sensitivity of golgi ligament ending joint receptors
location - ligaments
sensitivity - stretch/tension on ligaments
distribution - majority of joints
What is the location, distribution, and sensitivity of golgi-mazzoni corpuscles joint receptors
location - joint capsule
sensitivity - compression of joint capsule
primary distribution - knee joint, joint capsule
What is the location, distribution, and sensitivity of Pacinian corpuscles joint receptors
location - fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity - high frequency vibration, acceleration/deceleration
What is the location, distribution, and sensitivity of Ruffini endings joint receptors
location - fibrous layer of joint capsule
sensitivity - stretching of joint capsule, amplitude and velocity of joint position
distribution - proximal joints
(Muscles spindles/golgi tendon organ) are distributed throughout the belly of the muscle
muscle spindle
(Muscles spindles/golgi tendon organ) function to send information to the nervous system regarding muscle length and the rate of which the length is changing
muscle spindle
(Muscles spindles/golgi tendon organ) play a role in involuntary movement
muscle spindle
(Muscles spindles/golgi tendon organ) are distributed throughout sensory receptors in muscle tendons
golgi tendon organ
(Muscles spindles/golgi tendon organ) function to send information to the nervous system regarding tension within a muscle
golgi tension organ
(Muscles spindles/golgi tendon organ) play a role in voluntary movement
golgi tendon
What is the action of Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Agents/Medications
They slow or halt the progression of rheumatic disease, typically early in the disease process to slow the progression prior to widespread damage of the joints
What is the indication of using Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Agents/Medications
rheumatic disease, preferably during early stages
What are the side effects and implications for PT of using Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Agents/Medications
nausea, headache, swelling, toxicity, sepsis, retinal damage
PT - be able to recognize high levels of toxicity
What is the action of Glucocorticoid/Corticosteroid medications
They provide hormonal, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects with systemic diseases
What is the indication of using Glucocorticoid/Corticosteroid medications
replacement therapy, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressants.
Used to treat rheumatic and respiratory conditions
What are the side effects and implications for PT of using Glucocorticoid/Corticosteroid medications
muscle atrophy, weakening of supporting tissue, mood changes
PT - should wear a mask due to weakened immune system
What is the action of Nonopioid agents/medications
Provides analgesia and pain relief as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic/fever relief
What is the indication of using Nonopioid medications
mild to moderate pain relief, muscle ache, reduction of myocardial infarction with aspirin only
What are the side effects and implications for PT of using Nonopioid medications
n/v/abdominal distress, vertigo
PT- Pain may be masked which would push the patient beyond limits
What is the action and indication of using Opioid agents/medications
Provide analgesia for severe pain or induction of conscious sedation prior to a diagnostic procedure
What are the side effects and implications for PT of using Opioid medications
mood swings, confusion, vertigo, constipation, tolerance, physical dependence
PT - monitor for signs of respiratory distress, schedule painful treatments for two hours after medication is consumed
What is considered good posture of the toes and feet
Toes - Straight forward in line with the foot. Not curled or bent or squeezed together or overlapped.
Feet - Arch in the shape of a half dome, toes slightly outward. Feet are parallel.
Walking - feet parallel with weight transferred from heel along the outer border to the ball of the foot
Running - Toe in slightly with weight on balls and toes of feet; heel to not come in contact with the ground
What is considered good posture of the knees and legs
Legs are straight up and down with patella straight ahead. Knees neither flexed or hyperextended
What is considered good posture of the hips, pelvis, and spine when viewing from the back
Equal weight bearing through both sides, level hips, no curve in the spine
What is considered good posture of the hips, pelvis, and spine when viewing from the side
The front of the thigh is aligned with the pelvis. The spine shows four natural curves where cervical and lumbar are concave and thoracic and sacral curves are convex
What is considered good posture of the abdomen, chest, and head
Abdomen - Abdomen should be flat, but in children under ten it will slightly protrude
Chest - Slightly up and forward
Head - Erect position with good balance
What is considered good posture of the arms and shoulders
Arms - Relaxed at sides with palms facing body. Elbows slightly bent, forearms slightly forward
Shoulders - Level. Shoulder blades lie flat against the rib cage and sit 4 inches apart from each other
The plumb line’s ideal positioning is
_________ to the coronal suture
_________ the external auditory meatus
_________ the axis of the odontoid process
_________ the tip of the shoulder
_________ the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
_________ to the hip joint
_________ to the axis of the knee joint
_________ to the lateral malleolus
_________ the calcaneocuboid joint
slightly posterior to the coronal
through the external auditory meatus
through the axis of the odontoid process
midway through the tip of the shoulder
through the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
slightly posterior to the hip joint
slightly anterior to the axis of the knee joint
slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus
through the calcaneocuboid joint
