Musculoskeletal Review Questions #4 Flashcards
Which motions of the upper extremity occur around a vertical axis?
elbow flexion and extension
shoulder abduction and adduction
shoulder medial and lateral rotation
wrist ulnar and radial deviation
shoulder medial and lateral rotation
Which motions occur within the sagittal plane?
hip abduction and adduction
hip flexion and extension
shoulder internal and external rotation
shoulder horizontal abduction and adduction
hip flexion and extension
Shoulder flexion and extension occur around which axis?
medial-lateral axis
vertical axis
anterior-posterior axis
longitudinal axis
medial lateral axis
A movement around an anterior-posterior axis occurs in which plane?
transverse plane
vertical plane
coronal plane
sagittal plane
coronal
Scoliosis is a structural defect occurring in what plane?
frontal
sagittal
transverse
midsagittal
frontal
In which plane do genu recurvatum, knee flexion contracture, patella baja, and patella alta occur in?
sagittal
coronal
frontal
transverse
sagittal
Which of the following planes divides the body into medial and lateral segments?
transverse
sagittal
frontal
coronal
sagittal
What plane does elbow flexion and extension occur in?
coronal
frontal
sagittal
transverse
sagittal
What plane of wrist motion and axis is utilized when positioning the axis of a goniometer over the capitate?
frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis
frontal plane around a medial-lateral axis
sagittal plane around a medial-lateral axis
sagittal plane around an anterior-posterior axis
frontal plane around an AP axis - the capitate provides ulnar and radial deviation
Which motions of the shoulder occur within the sagittal plane?
abduction and adduction
flexion and extension
internal and external rotation
horizontal abduction and adduction
flexion and extension
Which of the following receptors senses compression of the joint capsule?
Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles
free nerve endings
Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles
Which term best describes non-contractile tissue that envelops the entire muscle creating a fascial sheath?
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
sarcomere
epimysium
According to the stress-strain curve, which of the following phases occurs when tissues are stretched so that the collagen fibers align, but when tension is released the tissues return to their original size and shape?
toe region
elastic range
plastic range
failure
elastic
A muscle contraction that produces a pulling force while being elongated by a more dominate force is defined as a/an:
concentric contraction
eccentric contraction
isometric contraction
isokinetic contraction
eccentric contraction
What is the thin protein of the myofilament called?
sarcomere
sarcolemma
myosin
actin
actin
What is the major limitation of type II B muscle fibers?
slow acting
limited force production
low velocity
high fatigability
high fatigability
n which of the following sports would it be most beneficial to have a high percentage of slow twitch muscle fibers?
distance running
weight lifting
javelin
alpine skiing
distance running
Which of the following is the smallest element of muscular tissue?
fascicle
myofibrils
motor unit
sarcomere
sarcomere
The area of a sarcomere where only myosin filaments are present is known as the:
A-band
Z-line
I-band
H-zone
H-zone
The amount of force produced by a muscle at any point in time is directly related to:
the number of myosin cross-bridge heads bound to actin filaments
the length of the muscle belly
the gender of the individual producing the force
the age of the individual producing the force
the number of myosin cross-bridge heads bound to acting filaments
The energy required for actin and myosin cross-bridging inside a sarcomere is produced through the breakdown of which substance?
calcium
adenosine triphosphate
glycogen
acetylcholine
adenosine triphosphate
The designation of a muscle fiber as fast-twitch or slow-twitch is primarily determined by which factor?
the amount of time it takes the fiber to develop force and relax
the amount of time it takes the fiber to reach a full contraction
the amount of time it takes the fiber to relax from a full contraction
the speed of transmission of an action potential
the amount of time it takes the fiber to develop force and relax
Of the three biological energy systems, which factor(s) determine which energy system is most active during a given activity?
bodyweight and gender of the individual
intensity and duration of the activity
macronutrients consumed in the most recent meal
previous training experience of the individual
intensity and duration of the activity
Which biological energy system is the primary source of adenosine triphosphate at rest?
glycolysis
oxidative system
phosphagen system
Krebs cycle
oxidative system
The ability of the body to bypass slow-twitch motor units and recruit fast-twitch motor units when performing an explosive movement is referred to as:
size principle
cross-education
specificity
selective recruitment
selective recruitment
Which type of sensory receptor is located in the subcutaneous tissue?
Merkel’s discs
Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Ruffini endings
pacinian
Which type of sensory receptor is most susceptible to light touch?
Golgi tendon organs
Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Ruffini endings
meissner’s corpuscles
Which receptor protects the body by limiting structural damage to the muscle in situations of extreme tension?
Golgi tendon organs
Merkel’s discs
muscle spindles
free nerve endings
GTO
Which type of receptor provides the brain with information about where the body is in space?
nociceptors
exteroceptors
interoceptors
proprioceptors
proprioceptors
Which sensory receptor is responsible for responding to mechanical deformation of the receptor by touch, pressure, stretch or vibration?
mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
thermoreceptors
proprioceptors
mechanorecptors
In general, a joint should not be injected with corticosteroids more often than once every:
3 months
6 months
1 year
3 years
3 months
Which of the following medications would benefit a patient that recently suffered a grade 2 inversion ankle sprain?
acetaminophen
disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
oxycodone
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Which anti-bacterial medication is most likely to contribute to Achilles tendinopathy?
fluoroquinolones (e.g., Cipro)
sulfonamides (e.g., Silvadene)
penicillin (e.g., Amoxil)
aminoglycosides (e.g., Neomycin)
fluoroquinolones
Corticosteroids are often used in treating musculoskeletal conditions because they:
decrease inflammation
decrease spasticity
promote vasoconstriction
promote vasodilation
decrease inflammation
Which of the following herbs or natural products is typically used to treat arthritis?
aloe vera
chondroitin
echinacea
ginkgo biloba
Chondroitin
Chondroitin is a naturally occurring or manufactured substance that is used to treat arthritis, typically in conjunction with glucosamine. Chondroitin acts as a flexible matrix between protein filaments within cartilage.
Diazepam (i.e., valium) is a common drug used to treat which condition?
multiple sclerosis
cardiac abnormalities
muscle spasms
epilepsy
muscle spasms
Humira would likely be included in the medical management of which diagnosis?
ankylosing spondylitis
grade III ankle sprain
chronic liver disease
carpal tunnel syndrome
ankylosing spondylitis
What side effect of opioids would most likely be addressed by having a patient return to a supine position after suddenly becoming extremely dizzy when attempting to get out of bed?
incoordination
orthostatic hypotension
constipation
physical dependence
orthostatic hypotension
Which finding would most likely require physician consultation when treating a patient diagnosed with osteoarthritis currently taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent?
morning stiffness and pain
increased soreness with increased activity
fluctuating pain levels correlated with weather changes
newly occurring stomach pain
newly occurring stomach pain
Muscle atrophy is most often associated with which drug classification?
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
glucocorticoid agents
opioid agents
disease modifying anti-rheumatic agents
glucocorticoid agents
What condition would best be observed looking at a patient from behind using a plumb line?
kyphosis
lordosis
scoliosis
sway back
scoliosis
If a patient presents with a forward head posture, which positions are present in the upper and lower cervical spine?
upper flexion, lower flexion
upper extension, lower extension
upper flexion, lower extension
upper extension, lower flexion
upper extension, lower flexion
Which two regions of the spine normally have a lordotic curve?
cervical and thoracic
thoracic and lumbar
cervical and lumbar
lumbar and sacral
cervical and lumbar
What is the normal resting curvature of the lumbar spine?
10 degrees of lordosis
20 degrees of lordosis
40 degrees of lordosis
80 degrees of lordosis
40 degrees of lordosis
Which of the following represents a normal carrying angle of the elbow?
0-5 degrees
10-15 degrees
20-25 degrees
30-35 degrees
10-15 degrees
Assuming an ideal standing posture, which structure would a line of gravity pass directly through?
coronal suture
external auditory meatus
hip joint
lateral malleolus
external auditory meatus
What position would be suggestive of the patient having tight hamstrings and over stretched iliopsoas muscles?
excessive lumbar lordosis
decreased thoracic kyphosis
anterior pelvic tilt
posterior pelvic tilt
posterior pelvic tilt
Which term is most descriptive of hyperextension occurring at the knee?
hypermobility
genu recurvatum
genu valgum
genu varum
genu recurvatum
The strengthening exercise depicted in the image would be most appropriate for an individual demonstrating:
The image is showing a patient performing standing scapular squeezes with TRX straps
excessive scapular protraction
excessive scapular retraction
excessive neck flexion
excessive neck extension
excessive scapular protraction
All of the following will result in an exaggerated anterior pelvic tilt except:
weak abdominal muscles
tight hip flexors
tight back muscles
tight hamstrings
tight hamstrings
