Musculoskeletal Review Questions #4 Flashcards by Madelynn Kahl

Which motions of the upper extremity occur around a vertical axis?

elbow flexion and extension
shoulder abduction and adduction
shoulder medial and lateral rotation
wrist ulnar and radial deviation

shoulder medial and lateral rotation

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Which motions occur within the sagittal plane?

hip abduction and adduction
hip flexion and extension
shoulder internal and external rotation
shoulder horizontal abduction and adduction

hip flexion and extension

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Shoulder flexion and extension occur around which axis?

medial-lateral axis
vertical axis
anterior-posterior axis
longitudinal axis

medial lateral axis

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A movement around an anterior-posterior axis occurs in which plane?

transverse plane
vertical plane
coronal plane
sagittal plane

coronal

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Scoliosis is a structural defect occurring in what plane?

frontal
sagittal
transverse
midsagittal

frontal

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In which plane do genu recurvatum, knee flexion contracture, patella baja, and patella alta occur in?

sagittal
coronal
frontal
transverse

sagittal

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Which of the following planes divides the body into medial and lateral segments?

transverse
sagittal
frontal
coronal

sagittal

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What plane does elbow flexion and extension occur in?

coronal
frontal
sagittal
transverse

sagittal

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What plane of wrist motion and axis is utilized when positioning the axis of a goniometer over the capitate?

frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis
frontal plane around a medial-lateral axis
sagittal plane around a medial-lateral axis
sagittal plane around an anterior-posterior axis

frontal plane around an AP axis - the capitate provides ulnar and radial deviation

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Which motions of the shoulder occur within the sagittal plane?

abduction and adduction
flexion and extension
internal and external rotation
horizontal abduction and adduction

flexion and extension

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Which of the following receptors senses compression of the joint capsule?

Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles
free nerve endings
Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles

Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles

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Which term best describes non-contractile tissue that envelops the entire muscle creating a fascial sheath?

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
sarcomere

epimysium

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According to the stress-strain curve, which of the following phases occurs when tissues are stretched so that the collagen fibers align, but when tension is released the tissues return to their original size and shape?

toe region
elastic range
plastic range
failure

elastic

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A muscle contraction that produces a pulling force while being elongated by a more dominate force is defined as a/an:

concentric contraction
eccentric contraction
isometric contraction
isokinetic contraction

eccentric contraction

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What is the thin protein of the myofilament called?

sarcomere
sarcolemma
myosin
actin

actin

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What is the major limitation of type II B muscle fibers?

slow acting
limited force production
low velocity
high fatigability

high fatigability

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n which of the following sports would it be most beneficial to have a high percentage of slow twitch muscle fibers?

distance running
weight lifting
javelin
alpine skiing

distance running

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Which of the following is the smallest element of muscular tissue?

fascicle
myofibrils
motor unit
sarcomere

sarcomere

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The area of a sarcomere where only myosin filaments are present is known as the:

A-band
Z-line
I-band
H-zone

H-zone

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The amount of force produced by a muscle at any point in time is directly related to:

the number of myosin cross-bridge heads bound to actin filaments
the length of the muscle belly
the gender of the individual producing the force
the age of the individual producing the force

the number of myosin cross-bridge heads bound to acting filaments

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The energy required for actin and myosin cross-bridging inside a sarcomere is produced through the breakdown of which substance?

calcium
adenosine triphosphate
glycogen
acetylcholine

adenosine triphosphate

The designation of a muscle fiber as fast-twitch or slow-twitch is primarily determined by which factor?

the amount of time it takes the fiber to develop force and relax
the amount of time it takes the fiber to reach a full contraction
the amount of time it takes the fiber to relax from a full contraction
the speed of transmission of an action potential

the amount of time it takes the fiber to develop force and relax

Of the three biological energy systems, which factor(s) determine which energy system is most active during a given activity?

bodyweight and gender of the individual
intensity and duration of the activity
macronutrients consumed in the most recent meal
previous training experience of the individual

intensity and duration of the activity

Which biological energy system is the primary source of adenosine triphosphate at rest?

glycolysis
oxidative system
phosphagen system
Krebs cycle

oxidative system

The ability of the body to bypass slow-twitch motor units and recruit fast-twitch motor units when performing an explosive movement is referred to as: size principle cross-education specificity selective recruitment

selective recruitment

Which type of sensory receptor is located in the subcutaneous tissue? Merkel's discs Meissner's corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles Ruffini endings

pacinian

Which type of sensory receptor is most susceptible to light touch? Golgi tendon organs Meissner's corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles Ruffini endings

meissner's corpuscles

Which receptor protects the body by limiting structural damage to the muscle in situations of extreme tension? Golgi tendon organs Merkel's discs muscle spindles free nerve endings

GTO

Which type of receptor provides the brain with information about where the body is in space? nociceptors exteroceptors interoceptors proprioceptors

proprioceptors

Which sensory receptor is responsible for responding to mechanical deformation of the receptor by touch, pressure, stretch or vibration? mechanoreceptors chemoreceptors thermoreceptors proprioceptors

mechanorecptors

In general, a joint should not be injected with corticosteroids more often than once every: 3 months 6 months 1 year 3 years

3 months

Which of the following medications would benefit a patient that recently suffered a grade 2 inversion ankle sprain? acetaminophen disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs oxycodone nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Which anti-bacterial medication is most likely to contribute to Achilles tendinopathy? fluoroquinolones (e.g., Cipro) sulfonamides (e.g., Silvadene) penicillin (e.g., Amoxil) aminoglycosides (e.g., Neomycin)

fluoroquinolones

Corticosteroids are often used in treating musculoskeletal conditions because they: decrease inflammation decrease spasticity promote vasoconstriction promote vasodilation

decrease inflammation

Which of the following herbs or natural products is typically used to treat arthritis? aloe vera chondroitin echinacea ginkgo biloba

Chondroitin Chondroitin is a naturally occurring or manufactured substance that is used to treat arthritis, typically in conjunction with glucosamine. Chondroitin acts as a flexible matrix between protein filaments within cartilage.

Diazepam (i.e., valium) is a common drug used to treat which condition? multiple sclerosis cardiac abnormalities muscle spasms epilepsy

muscle spasms

Humira would likely be included in the medical management of which diagnosis? ankylosing spondylitis grade III ankle sprain chronic liver disease carpal tunnel syndrome

ankylosing spondylitis

What side effect of opioids would most likely be addressed by having a patient return to a supine position after suddenly becoming extremely dizzy when attempting to get out of bed? incoordination orthostatic hypotension constipation physical dependence

orthostatic hypotension

Which finding would most likely require physician consultation when treating a patient diagnosed with osteoarthritis currently taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent? morning stiffness and pain increased soreness with increased activity fluctuating pain levels correlated with weather changes newly occurring stomach pain

newly occurring stomach pain

Muscle atrophy is most often associated with which drug classification? nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents glucocorticoid agents opioid agents disease modifying anti-rheumatic agents

glucocorticoid agents

What condition would best be observed looking at a patient from behind using a plumb line? kyphosis lordosis scoliosis sway back

scoliosis

If a patient presents with a forward head posture, which positions are present in the upper and lower cervical spine? upper flexion, lower flexion upper extension, lower extension upper flexion, lower extension upper extension, lower flexion

upper extension, lower flexion

Which two regions of the spine normally have a lordotic curve? cervical and thoracic thoracic and lumbar cervical and lumbar lumbar and sacral

cervical and lumbar

What is the normal resting curvature of the lumbar spine? 10 degrees of lordosis 20 degrees of lordosis 40 degrees of lordosis 80 degrees of lordosis

40 degrees of lordosis

Which of the following represents a normal carrying angle of the elbow? 0-5 degrees 10-15 degrees 20-25 degrees 30-35 degrees

10-15 degrees

Assuming an ideal standing posture, which structure would a line of gravity pass directly through? coronal suture external auditory meatus hip joint lateral malleolus

external auditory meatus

What position would be suggestive of the patient having tight hamstrings and over stretched iliopsoas muscles? excessive lumbar lordosis decreased thoracic kyphosis anterior pelvic tilt posterior pelvic tilt

posterior pelvic tilt

Which term is most descriptive of hyperextension occurring at the knee? hypermobility genu recurvatum genu valgum genu varum

genu recurvatum

The strengthening exercise depicted in the image would be most appropriate for an individual demonstrating: The image is showing a patient performing standing scapular squeezes with TRX straps excessive scapular protraction excessive scapular retraction excessive neck flexion excessive neck extension

excessive scapular protraction

All of the following will result in an exaggerated anterior pelvic tilt except: weak abdominal muscles tight hip flexors tight back muscles tight hamstrings

tight hamstrings