Neuromuscular Review Questions #1 Flashcards
According to the ASIA classification of spinal cord injury, what are the key muscles for the C5 level?
elbow flexors
wrist extensors
elbow extensors
finger flexors
elbow flexors
According to the ASIA classification of spinal cord injury, what are the key muscles for the C6 level?
elbow flexors
wrist extensors
elbow extensors
finger flexors
wrist extensors
According to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, what spinal segment is being tested by rubbing a cotton ball on the medial side of the elbow?
T2
T1
C8
C7
T1
According to the ASIA classification of spinal cord injury, what are the key muscles for the L5 level?
hip flexors
knee extensors
ankle dorsiflexors
great toe extensors
great toe extensors
According to the ASIA classification of SCI, what spinal segment is tested by rubbing a cotton ball on the medial femoral condyle
S1
L5
L4
L3
L3
According to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification of spinal cord injury, the most caudal level with normal motor and sensory function on both sides of the body describes the:
zone of partial preservation
sensory level
neurological level
motor level
neurological level
A spinal cord injury that presents with no sensory or motor function found in sacral segments S4-S5 is classified as:
A
B
C
D
A
A spinal cord injury in which motor function is preserved and less than half of key muscle functions below the neurologic level have a muscle grade ≥ 3.
A
B
C
D
C
How is the T1 myotome best assessed according to the ASIA Impairment Scale?
resist little finger adduction
resist little finger abduction
resist finger flexors
resist finger extensors
resist little finger abduction
Which of the following describes a patient classified at level E on the ASIA Impairment Scale?
no motor or sensory function
sensory, but no motor function
motor, but no sensory function
normal motor and sensory function
normal motor and sensory function
The Berg Balance Scale is scored using a:
three-point scale
four-point scale
five-point scale
six-point scale
Five point scale
How many functional tasks are included in the Berg Balance Scale?
6
7
12
14
14
When assessing balance, somatosensory input is most responsive to changes in:
eye orientation
head position
muscle length
surface contact
surface contact
What postural strategy would most likely be employed following an unexpected and dramatic change in balance?
ankle strategy
hip strategy
suspensory strategy
stepping strategy
stepping strategy
Which balance grade would be most appropriate for a patient that is able to maintain balance without support, but cannot maintain balance while weight shifting?
zero
poor
fair
good
fair
Which of the following balance reflexes attempts to support gaze stabilization by ensuring that the retina creates a stable image during head movement?
optical righting reflex
vestibuloocular reflex
vestibulospinal reflex
Landau reflex
Vestibuloocular reflex
What duration of time on a timed up and go (TUG) test does the patient become a high fall risk?
greater than 20 seconds
greater than 25 seconds
greater than 30 seconds
greater than 35 seconds
greater than 30 seconds
What is the maximum score for the Fugl-Meyer sensorimotor assessment of balance performance battery?
14
16
18
20
14
An individual who exhibits the ability to maintain stability and orientation with the center of mass over the base of support without movement would be demonstrating:
suspensory postural strategy
postural orientation
dynamic postural control
postural stability control
Postural stability control
What sign would be most indicative of a positive Romberg test?
sustained dizziness with static positioning
increased postural sway with static positioning
sustained dizziness during dynamic activity
increased postural sway during dynamic activity
increased postural sway with static positioning
In standing, which muscle group would initially respond to a small anterior perturbation?
dorsiflexors
plantar flexors
hip flexors
hip extensors
plantar flexors
Which balance system is being primarily challenged if a patient is standing on a foam surface in single leg stance while holding onto the therapist for external support?
visual
somatosensory
vestibular
cortical
somatosensory
Which of the following tests assesses balance in standing with the feet positioned heel-to-toe with the eyes closed for one minute?
Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Test
Romberg test
Sharpened Romberg test
functional reach test
sharpened romberg test
Which of the following automatic postural strategies is not considered a compensatory balance strategy?
ankle strategy
stepping strategy
hip strategy
knee strategy
knee strategy
Which form of balance stability is used initially to control small amounts of body sway?
hip strategy
stepping strategy
ankle strategy
knee strategy
ankle strategy
Which of the following conditions results in the greatest amount of postural sway in quiet stance?
absent visual input
disturbed visual input
disturbed somatosensory input
disturbed visual and somatosensory input
disturbed visual and somatosensory input
Anticipatory postural activity is most heavily dependent on:
previous experience and learning
adequate muscle strength
appropriate sensory input
rapid reaction time
previous experience and learning
The functional reach test is used to assess:
scapular mobility
balance and fall risk
hip strategy in balance reactions
limits of stability in the medial-lateral direction
balance and fall risk
Which of these tests is not used as a predictor of falls in the elderly due to balance problems?
Timed Up and Go Test
Functional Reach Test
Short Physical Performance Battery
Berg Balance Scale
Short Physical Performance Battery
Which of the following can best be used to assess a patient’s reactive postural control?
quiet stance
perturbed stance
unilateral stance
bilateral stance
Perturbed stance
The presence of anosmia may be caused by a lesion impacting cranial nerve:
I
VII
IX
X
I
What is the name of cranial nerve X?
abducens
facial
vagus
vestibulocochlear
vagus
Which cranial nerve would be assessed by asking the patient to shrug their shoulders and maintain the position against manual resistance?
accessory
trigeminal
vagus
vestibulocochlear
accessory
Homonymous hemianopsia could be associated with a lesion involving cranial nerve:
II
IV
IX
X
II
Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eyeball and is tested by assessing lateral gaze?
cranial nerve II
cranial nerve III
cranial nerve IV
cranial nerve VI
cranial nerve VI
When administering the Rinne test, what is the normal expected ratio of bone conduction to air conduction?
1:1
1:2
1:3
1:4
1:2
Which of the following cranial nerves exits via the pons?
trigeminal
accessory
optic
vagus
trigeminal
Which cranial nerve is responsible for voluntary control of the muscles of facial expression?
trigeminal
facial
accessory
glossopharyngeal
facial
Which of the following cranial nerves does not have a motor function?
trigeminal
glossopharyngeal
vagus
vestibulocochlear
vestibulocochlear
Asking the patient to stick out their tongue could be used to assess the:
trigeminal nerve
facial nerve
hypoglossal nerve
vagus nerve
hypoglossal
Which of the following cranial nerves has a sensory function?
cranial nerve II
cranial nerve III
cranial nerve IV
cranial nerve VI
cranial nerve II
Bell’s palsy results from injury to which cranial nerve?
cranial nerve V
cranial nerve VII
cranial nerve X
cranial nerve XII
cranial nerve VII
Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
vagus nerve
abducens
facial nerve
spinal accessory nerve
spinal accessory nerve
Which cranial nerve conveys taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
facial nerve
trigeminal nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
hypoglossal nerve
facial nerve
Integrity of which cranial nerve would be best assessed with a Snellen chart?
cranial nerve I
cranial nerve II
cranial nerve III
cranial nerve IV
cranial nerve II
Which nerve is commonly affected when a patient presents with nystagmus?
cranial nerve IV
cranial nerve V
cranial nerve VII
cranial nerve VIII
VIII
Which nerve is tested with the gag reflex?
hypoglossal
facial
glossopharyngeal
abducens
glossopharyngeal
Which of the following cranial nerves does not transmit taste information?
facial
trigeminal
vagus
glossopharyngeal
trigeminal
Which of the following methods would be the most appropriate to assess the integrity of cranial nerve I?
identification of a strong or familiar odor
administration of the consensual light reflex
performing a visual field test
application of light touch to the face
identification of a strong or familiar odor
Speech interruption caused by difficulty finding words is characteristic of which type of aphasia?
dysarthria
Broca’s aphasia
conduction aphasia
Wernicke’s aphasia
conduction
The inability to read or comprehend written language is known as:
agraphia
alexia
apraxia
astereognosis
alexia
Which term is most consistent with Wernicke’s aphasia?
receptive
expressive
non-fluent
global
receptive
Which of the following is an area in the left cerebral hemisphere that serves as the motor area for speech?
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
premotor area
pre-frontal area
broca’s area
Which of the following speech disorders is characterized by changes in vocal quality such as harshness, hoarseness or breathiness?
dysarthria
dyspraxia
dysphagia
dysphonia
dysphonia
Which of the following best describes dysarthria?
inability to articulate
inability to write words
inability to comprehend words
inability to say the alphabet backwards
articulate
Aphasia is likely to result from a stroke involving the:
posterior cerebral artery
left hemisphere
right hemisphere
anterior cerebral artery
left side
A patient who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident and is unable to articulate and comprehend speech is suffering from:
conduction aphasia
receptive aphasia
expressive aphasia
global aphasia
global aphasia
Which of the following treatment strategies would be least effective for patients with agraphia?
co-treat with a speech-language pathologist
allow the patient to write on a white board for communication
use primarily tactile and visual cues
use concise sentences and yes or no questions
allow the patient to write on a white board for communication
Agraphia, or the inability to write, is often found in combination with various forms of aphasia.
Which term describes a person who is able to verbalize, but unable to comprehend verbal commands?
expressive aphasia
receptive aphasia
global aphasia
agraphia
receptive
