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NPTE Exam > Musculoskeletal: Study Set 1 > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal: Study Set 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which cervical muscles flex the head (3)

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Longus coli
Scalenus muscles

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2
Q

Which cervical muscles extend the head (6)

A

splenius cervicis
semispinalis cervicis
iliocostalis cervicis
longissimus cervicis
multifidus
trapezius

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3
Q

Which cervical muscles rotate and side bend the head (7)

A

SCM
scalenes
splenius cervicus
longissimus cervicis
iliocostalis cervicis
levator scapulae
multifidus

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4
Q

Which thoracic and or lumbar muscles flex the trunk (3)

A

rectus abdominis
internal oblique
external oblique

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5
Q

Which thoracic and or lumbar muscles extend the trunk (3)

A

Erector spinae
quadratus lumborum
multifidus

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6
Q

Which thoracic and or lumbar muscles rotate and side bend the trunk (8)

A

psoas major
quadratus lumborum
external oblique
internal oblique
multifidus
longissimus thoracis
iliocostalis thoracis
rotatores

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7
Q

Which muscles elevate the scapula (2)

A

Upper trapezius
Levator scapulae

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8
Q

Which muscles depress the scapula (4)

A

latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
lower traps

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9
Q

Which muscles protract the scapula (2)

A

serratus anterior
pec minor

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10
Q

Which muscles retract the shoulder (2)

A

middle trap
rhomboids

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11
Q

Which muscles upwardly rotate the scapula (2)

A

upper and lower trap
serratus anterior

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12
Q

Which muscles downwardly rotate the scapula (3)

A

Rhomboids
levator scapulae
pec minor

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13
Q

Which muscles flex the shoulder (4)

A

anterior deltoid
coracobrachialis
pec major
biceps brachii

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14
Q

Whis muscles extend the shoulder (4)

A

latissimus dorsi
posterior deltoid
teres major
triceps brachii

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15
Q

Which muscles abduct the shoulder (2)

A

middle deltoid
supraspinatus

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16
Q

Which muscles adduct the shoulder (3)

A

Pec major
latissimus dorsi
teres major

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17
Q

Which muscles horizontally abduct the shoulder (3)

A

posterior deltoid
infraspinatus
teres minor

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18
Q

Which muscles horizontally adduct the shoulder (2)

A

pec major
anterior deltoid

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19
Q

Which muscles laterally rotate the shoulder (3)

A

Teres minor
infraspinatus
posterior deltoid

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20
Q

Which muscles medially rotate the shoulder (5)

A

Subscapularis
teres major
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
anterior deltoid

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21
Q

Which muscles flex the elbow (3)

A

biceps brachii
brachioradialis
brachialis

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22
Q

Which muscles extend the elbow (2)

A

triceps brachii
aconeus

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23
Q

which muscles supine the forearm (2)

A

biceps brachii
supinator

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24
Q

Which muscles pronate the forearm (2)

A

Pronator teres
Pronator quadtratus

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25
Q

Which muscles flex the wrist (3)

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus

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26
Q

Which muscles extend the wrist (3)

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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27
Q

Which muscles radially deviate the wrist (5)

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Flexor carpi radialis

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28
Q

Which muscles ulnarly deviate the wrist (2)

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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29
Q

Which muscles flex the hip (4)

A

Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Rectus femoris

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30
Q

Which muscles extend the hip (5)

A

Glute max
glute med
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

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31
Q

Which muscles abduct the hip (5)

A

Glute med
Glute min
piriformis
obturator
tensor fascia latae

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32
Q

Which muscles adduct the hip (4)

A

Adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracilis

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33
Q

Which muscles medially rotate the hip (5)

A

Glute med
glute min
TFL
pectineus
adductor longus

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34
Q

Which muscles laterally rotate the hip (6)

A

glute max
piriformis
obturator internus
obturator externus
sartorius
gemelli

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35
Q

Which muscles flex the knee (4)

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
sartorius

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36
Q

which muscles extend the knee (4)

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

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37
Q

Which muscles plantarflex the ankle (7)

A

Tibialis posterior
gastrocnemius
soleus
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
plantaris
flexor hallucis

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38
Q

Which muscles dorsiflex the ankle (4)

A

Tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
peroneus tertius

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39
Q

Which muscles invert the foot (3)

A

tibialis posterior
tibialis anterior
flexor digitorum longus

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40
Q

Which muscles evert the foot (3)

A

peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus tertius

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41
Q

What type of joint provides minimal to no movement at the joint

  1. synarthroses/fibrous
  2. amphiarthroses/cartilaginous
  3. diarthroses/synovial
A
  1. fibrous/synarthroses
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42
Q

What joint classification does a suture belong to

A

fibrous joint

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43
Q

What joint classification does a syndesmosis joint belong to?

A

fibrous joint

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44
Q

What is an example of a syndesmosis joint in the body

A

the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula

-any bone connected to bone by a fibrous membrane

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45
Q

what joint classification does a gomphosis joint belong to

A

fibrous

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46
Q

what is an example of a gomphosis joint in the body

A

a tooth in its socket

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47
Q

What type of joint provides slight movement and connects bone with hyaline cartilage

  1. synarthroses/fibrous
  2. amphiarthroses/cartilaginous
  3. diarthroses/synovial
A
  1. amphiarthrosis/cartilaginous
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48
Q

what joint classification does the articulation between the sternum and rib belong to

A

synchondrosis type of cartilaginous

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49
Q

what joint classification does a symphysis joing belong to

A

cartilaginous joint

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50
Q

What type of joint provides free movement with characteristics of synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and a joint capsule

  1. synarthroses/fibrous
  2. amphiarthroses/cartilaginous
  3. diarthroses/synovial
A
  1. diarthroses
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51
Q

what type of joint classification is the most vulnerable to injury

A

diarthroses/synovial joints

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52
Q

what type of joint classification do uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial joints belong to

A

synovial/diarthroses

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53
Q

what is an example of a uniaxial joint in the body

A

a hinge joint like at the elbow or a pivot joint like the atlantoaxial joint

54
Q

what is an example of a biaxial joint in the body

A

condyloid joint like the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb or saddle joint at the carpometacarpal joint of the finger

55
Q

what is an example of a multiaxial joint in the body

A

a ball in socket joint

56
Q

The glenohumeral joint is formed by the (concave/convex) humeral head and the (concave/convex) glenoid fossa

A

convex humeral head and concave glenoid fossa

57
Q

What is the loose packed position of the glenohumeral joint

A

55 degrees of abduction and 30 degrees of horizontal abduction

58
Q

What is the closed pack position of the glenohumeral joint

A

abduction and lateral rotation

59
Q

what is the loose packed position of the sternoclavicular joint

A

arm by the side

60
Q

what is the closed pack position of the sternoclavicular joint

A

maximum shoulder elevation

61
Q

what is the open pack position of the acromioclavicular joint

A

arm resting by side

62
Q

what is the closed pack position of the acromioclavicular joint

A

arm abducted to 90 degrees

63
Q

What movements does the acromioclavicular ligament help control/prevent/limit

A

horizontal movements of the clavicle

64
Q

What movements does the coracoacromial ligament help control/prevent/limit

A

superior translation of the humeral head and separation of the ac joint

65
Q

What movements does the coracoclavicular ligament help control/prevent/limit

A

superior translation of the clavicle

66
Q

Are UE or LE amputations more common? And what is the most common cause of amputation?

A

LE are more common with PVD as the cause

67
Q

What is a forequarter or scapulothoracic amputation?

A

removal of the UE including the shoulder girdle

68
Q

What is a shoulder disarticulation amputation?

A

surgical removal of the upper extremity through the shoulder

69
Q

What is a transhumeral amputation?

A

removal of the UE proximal to the elbow joint

70
Q

What is an elbow disarticulation amputation?

A

surgical removal of the lower arm through the elbo wjoint

71
Q

What is a transradial amputation?

A

surgical removal of the UE distal to the elbow joint

72
Q

What is a wrist disarticulation amputation?

A

surgical removal of the hand through the wrist joint

73
Q

What is a partial hand amputation

A

removal of a portion of the hand and/or digits at either the transcarpal, transmetacarpal, or transphalangeal level

74
Q

What is a digital amputation

A

surgical removal of a digit at either the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, or distal interphalangeal level

75
Q

Describe the socket component of an UE prosthesis for both a transradial and transhumeral amputation

A

Transradial - socket covers 2/3 of forearm, can be shortened to allow more supination/pronation

transhuemral - extends to acromion level, allows for stability with rotational components

76
Q

Describe the suspension component of an UE prosthesis for both a transradial and transhumeral amputation

A

Transradial - triceps cuff, harness, cable system

Transhumeral - harness, cable system, suction

77
Q

Describe the elbow unit component of an UE prosthesis for both a transradial and transhumeral amputation

A

Transradial - attaches to either triceps cuff or upper arm pad, either flexible or rigid hinge connects socket to proximal component

humeral - internal or external locking elbow unit

78
Q

Describe the wrist unit component of an UE prosthesis for both a transradial and transhumeral amputation

A

radial - ball and socket, quick change with constant friction, wrist flexion unit

humeral - same as radial

79
Q

Describe the terminal device component of an UE prosthesis for both a transradial and transhumeral amputation

A

radial - voluntary opening or closing
powered by any means with hook, mechanical hand, or cosmetic glove

humeral - same as radial

80
Q

What is a hemicorporectomy amputation

A

surgical removal of the pelvis and both lower extremities

81
Q

What is a hemipelvectomy

A

surgical removal of one half of the pelvis and the LE

82
Q

What is a hip disarticulation amputation?

A

surgical removal of the lower extremity from the pelvis

83
Q

What is a transfemoral amputation

A

removal of the LE above the knee joint

84
Q

What is a knee disarticulation amputation?

A

removal of the LE through the knee joint

85
Q

What is a transtibial amputation

A

remove of the LE below the knee joint

86
Q

What is a Syme’s amputation

A

surgical removal of the foot at the ankle joint with removal of the malleoli

87
Q

What is Chopart’s amputation

A

amputation through the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints. The amputation preserves the plantar flexors, but sacrifices the DF’s often resulting in an equinus contracture

88
Q

What is a tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc amputation?

A

surgical removal of the metatarsals. DF and PF are preserved

89
Q

Describe the socket component of a LE prosthesis for both a transfemoral and transtibial amputation

A

femoral - quadrilateral socket or ischial containment socket

tibial - PTB, PTS, SC-SP

90
Q

Describe the suspension component of a LE prosthesis for both a transfemoral and transtibial amputation

A

femoral - lanyard strap, shuttle lock, suction, vacuum

transtibial - cuff, corset, waist belt, suction, shuttle lock, vacuum

91
Q

Describe the knee component of a LE prosthesis for both a transfemoral and transtibial amputation

A

femoral - single axis knee, polycentric, hydraulic, microprocessor

transtibial - not needed

92
Q

Describe the shank component of a LE prosthesis for both a transfemoral and transtibial amputation

A

femoral - rigid exoskeleton and pylon covered with foam endoskeleton

transtibial - same as femoral

93
Q

Describe the foot system component of a LE prosthesis for both a transfemoral and transtibial amputation

A

femoral - SACH, SAFE, single axis, multi axis, hydraulic, powered, dynamic response

tibial - same as femoral

94
Q

What are reasons why a patient would develop a contracture after an amputation

A

failure to initiate full ROM in early phases and poor positioning of the the residual limb

95
Q

What are the most likely contractures for a transtibial and transfemoral amputation

A

transtibial may cause knee flexion
transfemoral may cause hip flexion and abduction

96
Q

What medication is given to patients post amputation to reduce the likelihood of developing a blood clot

A

heparin

97
Q

Hypersensitivity of a residual limb after an amputation is likely, what are some ways to desensitize the limb

A

Weight bearing, massage, taping, and residual limb wrapping

98
Q

Phantom pain of a residual limb is common after an amputation, what are some ways to decrease phantom limb pain

A

TENS, ultrasound, ice, mirror therapy, relaxation techniques, desensitizing techniques, and prosthetic use

99
Q

What is the most common UE amputation

A

transradial amputation

100
Q

True or False:

A transradial amputation is preferred over wrist disarticulation or partial hand amputations

A

True, a transradial amputation leaves the ability to have more functional use of the residual limb

101
Q

Is donning a transtibial or transfemoral prostheses more difficult

A

transfemoral

102
Q

What are some prosthetic causes that would lead
a patient to have lateral bending during gait

A

Prostheses too short
improper walls
prosthesis aligned in abduction

103
Q

What are some prosthetic causes that would lead
a patient to have abducted gait

A

prostheses too long
improper walls
prosthesis in abduction
improper suspension
excessive knee friction

104
Q

What are some prosthetic causes that would lead
a patient to have circumducted gait

A

prostheses too long
knee friction
socket to small
excessive plantar flexion

105
Q

What are some prosthetic causes that would lead
a patient to have excessive knee flexion during stance phase of gait

A

socket is forward in relation to foot
excessive dorsiflexion
stiff heel
prostheses too long

106
Q

What are some prosthetic causes that would lead
a patient to have vaulting during gait

A

prostheses too long
inadequate suspension
excessive PF

107
Q

What are some prosthetic causes that would lead
a patient to have rotation of forefoot at heel strike during gait

A

toe out built in
loose fitting socket
inadequate suspension

108
Q

What are some prosthetic causes that would lead
a patient to have forward trunk flexion during gait

A

socket too big
poor suspension
knee instability

109
Q

What are some prosthetic causes that would lead
a patient to have medial or lateral whip during gait

A

excessive rotation of the knee
tight socket fit
valgus in the prosthetic knee

110
Q

What are some amputee causes that would lead themselves to have lateral bending during gait

A

poor balance
abd contracture
weak abd on prosthetic side
hypersensitivity/pain

111
Q

What are some amputee causes that would lead themselves to have abducted gait

A

abduction contracture
adductor roll
weak hip flexors and adductors

112
Q

What are some amputee causes that would lead themselves to have lateral cicumducted gait

A

abduction contracture
weak hip flexors
lack of confidence to flex knee
inability to initiate prosthetic flexion

113
Q

What are some amputee causes that would lead themselves to have excessive knee flexion during stance phase during gait

A

knee flexion contracture
hip flexion contracture

114
Q

What are some amputee causes that would lead themselves to have excessive knee flexion during stance phase during gait

A

knee flexion contracture
hip flexion contracture
decreased quad strength
poor balance

115
Q

What are some amputee causes that would lead themselves to have vaulting during gait

A

discomfort
fear of stubbing toe
painful limb

116
Q

What are some amputee causes that would lead themselves to have rotation of the forefoot at heel strike during gait

A

poor muscle control
weak medial rotators

117
Q

What are some amputee causes that would lead themselves to have forward trunk flexion during gait

A

hip flexion contracture
weak hip extensors
pain with ischial weight bearing
inability to initiate prosthetic knee flexion

118
Q

What are some amputee causes that would lead themselves to have medial or lateral whip during gait

A

weak hip rotators
knee instability

119
Q

True or False:

A syme’s amputation involves removal of the malleoli

A

true

120
Q

What is the AMPPRO

A

The Amputee Mobility Predictor that is designed to measure the ambulatory protentional of LE prosthesis users. This test can be performed with or without a prosthetic limb

121
Q

What is a myodesis and myoplasty

A

A myodesis is the anchoring or muscle tissue or tendon to bone using sutures that are passed through small holes drilled in the bone.

A myoplasty is suturing amputated muscle flaps together over the end of a bone following amputation.

122
Q

What is a polycentric knee

A

a prosthetic knee joint that has multiple axes of rotation that allows for a more natural gait cycle than a single axis knee

123
Q

Label A and B

A

A is socket
B is pylon

124
Q

What movements does the coracohumeral ligament help control/prevent/limit

A

limits inferior translation of the humeral head

125
Q

What movements does the costoclavicular ligament help control/prevent/limit

A

controls stability of the sternoclavicular joint

126
Q

What movements does the glenohumeral ligament help control/prevent/limit

A

limits adduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation

127
Q

What movements does the glenoid labrum help control/prevent/limit

A

provides a deeper surface of the glenoid fossa and increases the articular surface of the

128
Q

What movements does the joint capsule help control/prevent/limit

A

joint stability

129
Q

What movements does the subacromial bursa help control/prevent/limit

A

helps facilitate movement of the deltoid

130
Q

What movements does the transverse humeral ligament help control/prevent/limit

A

helps maintain the tendon of the long head of the biceps within the bicipital groove

NPTE Exam (54 decks)

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