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NPTE Exam > Neuromuscular: Study Set 2 > Flashcards

Neuromuscular: Study Set 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Modified Ashworth Scale used for

A

grading spasticity/resistance to passive stretch

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2
Q

What is the numeric scale for the MAS/modified ashworth

A

0, 1, 1+, 2, 3, 4

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3
Q

What is a 0 on the MAS

A

No increase in muscle tone

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4
Q

What is a 1 on the MAS

A

slight increase in muscle town manifested by a catch or release at the end range of motion

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5
Q

What is a 1+ on the MAS

A

slight increase in muscle town manifested by a catch followed by minimal resistance throughout less than half of the ROM

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6
Q

What is a 2 on the MAS

A

affected parts easily move but have a noticeable resistance throughout entire ROM

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7
Q

What is a 3 on the MAS

A

passive movement is difficult due to considerable increase in tone

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8
Q

What is a 4 on the MAS

A

affected part is rigid in flexion/extension

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9
Q

True or False

The MAS is dependent on velocity

A

true

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10
Q

Does the use of the MAS usually result from an UMN or LMN

A

upper motor neuron

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11
Q

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale

A

It is a scale that determines arousal and cerebral cortex function after a TBI.

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12
Q

What is the numeric scale and its significance of the GCS/glasgow coma scale

A

The patient’s score will be a 3 at worst and 15 at best
13-15 = mild injury
9-12 = moderate injury
8 or less = severe injury

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13
Q

What are the three categories that are scored on the glasgow coma scale

A

4 eye opening
6 motor response
5 verbal response

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14
Q

What nerves originate from the rami of the brachial plexus

A

dorsal scapular
long thoracic

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the rhomboids and levator scapulae

A

dorsal scpaular

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16
Q

what nerve innervates the serratus anterior

A

long thoracic

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17
Q

What nerves originate from the trunks of the brachial plexus

A

nerve to subclavius
suprascapular nerve

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the subclavius

A

nerve to sublavius

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19
Q

what nerve innervates the infraspinatus and supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

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20
Q

what nerves originate from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

lateral pectoral
musculocutaneous
lateral root of the medial nerve

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21
Q

what nerve innervates the clavicular head of the pec major

A

lateral pectoral nerve

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22
Q

what nerve innervates the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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23
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor muscles in the forearm and some in the hand, with the exception of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

lateral and medial root of median nerve

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24
Q

what nerves originate from the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A

medial pectoral
ulnar nerve
medial root of the median nerve

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25
Q

what nerve innervates the pec major and minor

A

medial pectoral

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26
Q

what nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, and most small hand muscles

A

ulnar nerve

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27
Q

what nerve innervates flexor muscles in the forearm and some in the hand with the exceptions of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

medial and lateral root of median nerve

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28
Q

what nerves originate from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

upper subscapular
lower subscapular
thoracodorsal
axillary
radial

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29
Q

what nerve innervates the subscapularis

A

upper subscapular

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30
Q

what nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal

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31
Q

what nerve innervates the subscapularis and teres major

A

lower subscap

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32
Q

what nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor

A

axillary nerve

33
Q

what nerve innervates the brachioradialis, triceps, supinator, wrist extensors, and anconeus

A

radial nerve

34
Q

What innervates the psoas major and minor and the quadratus lumborum

A

lumbar plexus

35
Q

What innervates the piriformis, superiof/inferior gemelli, obturator internus, and quadratus femoria

A

sacral plexus

36
Q

what nerve innervates the glute max

A

inferior gluteal nerve

37
Q

what nerve innervates the glute med, glute min, and TFL

A

superior gluteal nerve

38
Q

what nerve innervates the quad muscles, iliacus, sartorius, and pectinues

A

femoral nerve

39
Q

what nerve innervates the adductors, obturator externus, and gracilis

A

obturator nerve

40
Q

what nerve innervates the soleus, popliteus, plantaris, tibialis posterior, gastroc, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus

A

tibial nerve

41
Q

what nerve innervates the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and long head of biceps femoris

A

sciatic nerve tibial divisial

42
Q

what nerve innervates the short head of biceps femoris

A

sciatic nerve peroneal division

43
Q

what nerve innervates the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis/digitorum longus, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum brevis

A

deep peroneal nerve

44
Q

what nerve innervates the peroneus longus and brevis

A

superficial peroneal nerve

45
Q

what nerve innervates the abductor hallucis, lumbrical I, flexor digitorum/hallucis brevis

A

medial plantar nerve

46
Q

what nerve innervates the abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, doral interossei, quadratus plantae, plantar interossei, lumbricals

A

lateral plantar nerve

47
Q

What is adam’s closed loop theory in regards to motor control

A

it states that sensory feedback is an ongoing process for the nervous system to compare current movement with stored information on memory of past movement with high emphasis on practice

48
Q

What is schmidt’s schema theory in regards to motor control

A

This is an open loop theory that promotes clinical value of feedback and importance of variation with practice

49
Q

what are the three stages of motor learning

A
  1. cognitive
  2. associative stage
  3. autonomous stage
50
Q

Which stage of motor learning is the initial stage in which the pt will acquire information as to how to attain the goal.

  1. cognitive
  2. associative stage
  3. autonomous stage
51
Q

Which stage of motor learning (cognitive, associative, or autonomous) can be described as

-large amount of errors
-inconsistent attempts
-repetition allows for improvement
- high degree of cognitive work; listening/observing/processing feedback

52
Q

Which stage of motor learning is the intermediate stage in which a pt is able to more independently distinguish correct versus incorrect performance by linking feedback with the movement performed.

  1. cognitive
  2. associative stage
  3. autonomous stage
A

associative stage

53
Q

Which stage of motor learning (cognitive, associative, or autonomous) can be described as

-decreased errors with new skills
-decreased need for concentration
-skill refinement
-increased coordination with practice

A

associative

54
Q

Which stage of motor learning is the final stage in which a pt improves the efficiency of the activity without a great need for cognitive control.

  1. cognitive
  2. associative stage
  3. autonomous stage
A

autonomous

55
Q

Which stage of motor learning (cognitive, associative, or autonomous) can be described as

-automatic response
-mainly error free
-distraction does not impact activity
-external feedback should be limited if any, and internal feedback should be dominant

A

autonomous

56
Q

True or False

Overtime, a PT should decrease extrinsic feedback in order to ultimately enhance learning.

57
Q

Which of the following types of feedback represents all feedback that comes to the person through sensory systems as a result of the movement including visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and somatosensory inputs

  1. Intrinsic/inherent
  2. extrinsic/augmented
A
  1. intrinsic/inherent
58
Q

Which of the following types of feedback represents the information that can be provided while a task or movement is in progress or subsequent to the movement, which is typically in the form of verbal or manual feedback.

  1. Intrinsic/inherent
  2. extrinsic/augmented
A

extrinsic or augmented

59
Q

What is massed practice

A

The activity lasts longer than the rest breaks in between sets/another activity.

60
Q

What is distributed practice

A

the amount of rest time between trials is equal to or greater than the amount of practice time for each trial.

61
Q

What is constant practice

A

practice of a given task under a uniform condition

62
Q

What is variable practice

A

practice of a given tasks under differing conditions

63
Q

What is blocked practice

A

consistent practice of a single task

64
Q

What is random practice

A

varying practice amongst different tasks

65
Q

What is whole training

A

practicing an entire task

66
Q

What is part training

A

practice of an individual component or selected components

67
Q

What does the reflexive hierarchy in regards to motor control.

A

This is an open loop system characterized by a single transfer of information without any feedback loop. The nervous system is seen as awaiting stimuli in order to react.

68
Q

True or False

An open loop motor control theory is characterized by multiple feedback loops in which the nervous system is seen as an active participant and can initiate movement

A

False, this describes a closed loop

69
Q

What does habituation mean

A

the decrease in response that will occur as a result of consistent exposure to non-painful stimuli.

70
Q

Which style of learning involves a single repeated stimulus

  1. Non-associative
  2. Associative
  3. Procedural
  4. Declarative
A

non associative

71
Q

Which style of learning involves gaining understanding of the relationship between two stimuli, casual relationship or stimulus and consequence

  1. Non-associative
  2. Associative
  3. Procedural
  4. Declarative
A

associative

72
Q

What type of learning is habituation and sensitization

  1. Non-associative
  2. Associative
  3. Procedural
  4. Declarative
A

non- associative

73
Q

What type of learning is classical conditioning and operant conditioning

  1. Non-associative
  2. Associative
  3. Procedural
  4. Declarative
A

associative

74
Q

Which style of learning involves learning tasks that can be performed without attention or concentration to the task or developing a habit through repetitive task

  1. Non-associative
  2. Associative
  3. Procedural
  4. Declarative
A

procedural

75
Q

Which style of learning involves attention, awareness, and reflection in order to attain knowledge that can be consciously recalled

  1. Non-associative
  2. Associative
  3. Procedural
  4. Declarative
A

declarative

76
Q

What type of learning is mental practice

  1. Non-associative
  2. Associative
  3. Procedural
  4. Declarative
A

declarative

77
Q

What type of learning is done by forming movement habits via repetition
1. Non-associative
2. Associative
3. Procedural
4. Declarative

A

Procedural

78
Q

True or False

performance is an absolute measure of learning

A

false, there are too many variables that can affect performance

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