Neuromuscular: Study Set 2 Flashcards by Madelynn Kahl

What is the Modified Ashworth Scale used for

grading spasticity/resistance to passive stretch

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What is the numeric scale for the MAS/modified ashworth

0, 1, 1+, 2, 3, 4

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What is a 0 on the MAS

No increase in muscle tone

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What is a 1 on the MAS

slight increase in muscle town manifested by a catch or release at the end range of motion

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What is a 1+ on the MAS

slight increase in muscle town manifested by a catch followed by minimal resistance throughout less than half of the ROM

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What is a 2 on the MAS

affected parts easily move but have a noticeable resistance throughout entire ROM

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What is a 3 on the MAS

passive movement is difficult due to considerable increase in tone

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What is a 4 on the MAS

affected part is rigid in flexion/extension

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True or False

The MAS is dependent on velocity

true

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Does the use of the MAS usually result from an UMN or LMN

upper motor neuron

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What is the Glasgow Coma Scale

It is a scale that determines arousal and cerebral cortex function after a TBI.

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What is the numeric scale and its significance of the GCS/glasgow coma scale

The patient’s score will be a 3 at worst and 15 at best
13-15 = mild injury
9-12 = moderate injury
8 or less = severe injury

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What are the three categories that are scored on the glasgow coma scale

4 eye opening
6 motor response
5 verbal response

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What nerves originate from the rami of the brachial plexus

dorsal scapular
long thoracic

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What nerve innervates the rhomboids and levator scapulae

dorsal scpaular

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what nerve innervates the serratus anterior

long thoracic

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What nerves originate from the trunks of the brachial plexus

nerve to subclavius
suprascapular nerve

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What nerve innervates the subclavius

nerve to sublavius

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what nerve innervates the infraspinatus and supraspinatus

suprascapular nerve

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what nerves originate from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

lateral pectoral
musculocutaneous
lateral root of the medial nerve

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what nerve innervates the clavicular head of the pec major

lateral pectoral nerve

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what nerve innervates the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles

musculocutaneous nerve

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what nerve innervates the flexor muscles in the forearm and some in the hand, with the exception of flexor carpi ulnaris

lateral and medial root of median nerve

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what nerves originate from the medial cord of the brachial plexus

medial pectoral
ulnar nerve
medial root of the median nerve

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what nerve innervates the pec major and minor

medial pectoral

what nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, and most small hand muscles

ulnar nerve

what nerve innervates flexor muscles in the forearm and some in the hand with the exceptions of flexor carpi ulnaris

medial and lateral root of median nerve

what nerves originate from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

upper subscapular lower subscapular thoracodorsal axillary radial

what nerve innervates the subscapularis

upper subscapular

what nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi

thoracodorsal

what nerve innervates the subscapularis and teres major

lower subscap

what nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor

axillary nerve

what nerve innervates the brachioradialis, triceps, supinator, wrist extensors, and anconeus

radial nerve

What innervates the psoas major and minor and the quadratus lumborum

lumbar plexus

What innervates the piriformis, superiof/inferior gemelli, obturator internus, and quadratus femoria

sacral plexus

what nerve innervates the glute max

inferior gluteal nerve

what nerve innervates the glute med, glute min, and TFL

superior gluteal nerve

what nerve innervates the quad muscles, iliacus, sartorius, and pectinues

femoral nerve

what nerve innervates the adductors, obturator externus, and gracilis

obturator nerve

what nerve innervates the soleus, popliteus, plantaris, tibialis posterior, gastroc, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus

tibial nerve

what nerve innervates the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and long head of biceps femoris

sciatic nerve tibial divisial

what nerve innervates the short head of biceps femoris

sciatic nerve peroneal division

what nerve innervates the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis/digitorum longus, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum brevis

deep peroneal nerve

what nerve innervates the peroneus longus and brevis

superficial peroneal nerve

what nerve innervates the abductor hallucis, lumbrical I, flexor digitorum/hallucis brevis

medial plantar nerve

what nerve innervates the abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, doral interossei, quadratus plantae, plantar interossei, lumbricals

lateral plantar nerve

What is adam's closed loop theory in regards to motor control

it states that sensory feedback is an ongoing process for the nervous system to compare current movement with stored information on memory of past movement with high emphasis on practice

What is schmidt's schema theory in regards to motor control

This is an open loop theory that promotes clinical value of feedback and importance of variation with practice

what are the three stages of motor learning

1. cognitive 2. associative stage 3. autonomous stage

Which stage of motor learning is the initial stage in which the pt will acquire information as to how to attain the goal. 1. cognitive 2. associative stage 3. autonomous stage

cognitive

Which stage of motor learning (cognitive, associative, or autonomous) can be described as -large amount of errors -inconsistent attempts -repetition allows for improvement - high degree of cognitive work; listening/observing/processing feedback

cognitive

Which stage of motor learning is the intermediate stage in which a pt is able to more independently distinguish correct versus incorrect performance by linking feedback with the movement performed. 1. cognitive 2. associative stage 3. autonomous stage

associative stage

Which stage of motor learning (cognitive, associative, or autonomous) can be described as -decreased errors with new skills -decreased need for concentration -skill refinement -increased coordination with practice

associative

Which stage of motor learning is the final stage in which a pt improves the efficiency of the activity without a great need for cognitive control. 1. cognitive 2. associative stage 3. autonomous stage

autonomous

Which stage of motor learning (cognitive, associative, or autonomous) can be described as -automatic response -mainly error free -distraction does not impact activity -external feedback should be limited if any, and internal feedback should be dominant

autonomous

True or False Overtime, a PT should decrease extrinsic feedback in order to ultimately enhance learning.

True

Which of the following types of feedback represents all feedback that comes to the person through sensory systems as a result of the movement including visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and somatosensory inputs 1. Intrinsic/inherent 2. extrinsic/augmented

1. intrinsic/inherent

Which of the following types of feedback represents the information that can be provided while a task or movement is in progress or subsequent to the movement, which is typically in the form of verbal or manual feedback. 1. Intrinsic/inherent 2. extrinsic/augmented

extrinsic or augmented

What is massed practice

The activity lasts longer than the rest breaks in between sets/another activity.

What is distributed practice

the amount of rest time between trials is equal to or greater than the amount of practice time for each trial.

What is constant practice

practice of a given task under a uniform condition

What is variable practice

practice of a given tasks under differing conditions

What is blocked practice

consistent practice of a single task

What is random practice

varying practice amongst different tasks

What is whole training

practicing an entire task

What is part training

practice of an individual component or selected components

What does the reflexive hierarchy in regards to motor control.

This is an open loop system characterized by a single transfer of information without any feedback loop. The nervous system is seen as awaiting stimuli in order to react.

True or False An open loop motor control theory is characterized by multiple feedback loops in which the nervous system is seen as an active participant and can initiate movement

False, this describes a closed loop

What does habituation mean

the decrease in response that will occur as a result of consistent exposure to non-painful stimuli.

Which style of learning involves a single repeated stimulus 1. Non-associative 2. Associative 3. Procedural 4. Declarative

non associative

Which style of learning involves gaining understanding of the relationship between two stimuli, casual relationship or stimulus and consequence 1. Non-associative 2. Associative 3. Procedural 4. Declarative

associative

What type of learning is habituation and sensitization 1. Non-associative 2. Associative 3. Procedural 4. Declarative

non- associative

What type of learning is classical conditioning and operant conditioning 1. Non-associative 2. Associative 3. Procedural 4. Declarative

associative

Which style of learning involves learning tasks that can be performed without attention or concentration to the task or developing a habit through repetitive task 1. Non-associative 2. Associative 3. Procedural 4. Declarative

procedural

Which style of learning involves attention, awareness, and reflection in order to attain knowledge that can be consciously recalled 1. Non-associative 2. Associative 3. Procedural 4. Declarative

declarative

What type of learning is mental practice 1. Non-associative 2. Associative 3. Procedural 4. Declarative

declarative

What type of learning is done by forming movement habits via repetition 1. Non-associative 2. Associative 3. Procedural 4. Declarative

Procedural

True or False performance is an absolute measure of learning

false, there are too many variables that can affect performance