Cardiopulmonary Review Questions #3 Flashcards by Madelynn Kahl

Which condition would be most commonly associated with a high hematocrit level?

anemia
blood loss
dehydration
vitamin deficiency

dehydration

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Which value would be most indicative of a normal hemoglobin value?

11.5 gm/dL
14.5 gm/dL
18.5 gm/dL
19.5 gm/dL

Correct Answer: 14.5 gm/dL

Normal hemoglobin for males is 13.3-16.2 gm/dL and for females is 12.0-15.8 gm/dL.

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Which value would be most desirable for partial thromboplastin time?

11 seconds
32 seconds
45 seconds
59 seconds

Correct Answer: 32 seconds

Normal partial thromboplastin time is 26.3-39.4 seconds.

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What serum total cholesterol value would be considered borderline for hyperlipidemia?

170 mg/dL
190 mg/dL
220 mg/dL
250 mg/dL

Correct Answer: 220 mg/dL

Cholesterol under 200 mg/dl is considered desirable, 200 - 239 mg/dL borderline, and 240 mg/dL and over is considered high.

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Which of the following lab values would be considered a precaution to all forms of exercise?

hematocrit of 30%
hemoglobin of 12 g/dL
platelet count of 10,000 mm3
white cell count of 1,200 mm3

platelet count of 10,000 mm3

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Which of the following lipid levels poses a risk for heart disease?

low-density lipoprotein = 90 mg/dL
high-density lipoprotein = 35 mg/dL
total cholesterol = 195 mg/dL
triglycerides = 145 mg/dL

Correct Answer: high-density lipoprotein = 35 mg/dL

High-density lipoprotein is the “good” cholesterol. Recommended high-density lipoprotein levels are greater than 40 mg/dL, with levels greater than 60 mg/dL being considered protective against heart disease.

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Which biochemical markers of cardiac injury are commonly assessed to diagnose or exclude an acute myocardial infarction?

troponin and creatine kinase
creatine kinase and C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein and potassium
potassium and troponin

troponin and creatine kinase

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Lab results showing elevated hematocrit, hypernatremia, and elevated protein levels would be most indicative of:

asthma
hypovolemia
hypervolemia
orthopnea

Correct Answer: hypovolemia

Hypovolemia refers to a decrease in the volume of blood in the body which can be due to loss of blood or loss of body fluids. Hematocrit, hypernatremia, and elevated protein levels are reflective of the decrease in blood volume and the relative increase in concentration of the elements within the blood.

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Which is the main protein found in blood plasma?

albumin
globulin
immunoglobin
keratin

albumin

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A patient with an international normalized ratio (INR) of greater than 4.0 indicates:

a normal value
risk of hemorrhage
risk of clotting
risk of embolism

Correct Answer: risk of hemorrhage

International normalized ratio (INR) is a calculation made to standardize prothrombin time. Prothrombin time is a test to determine how fast the blood clots in patients receiving oral anticoagulation medication. The normal range is 2.0 to 3.0.

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Which condition results in an abnormal excess of erythrocytes that increases blood viscosity?

polycythemia
sickle-cell anemia
hemophilia
leukocytosis

polycythemia

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An individual’s risk for developing heart disease doubles with a serum cholesterol above:

100 mg/dL
140 mg/dL
200 mg/dL
240 mg/dL

240 mg/dL

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An increase in red blood cells as a compensatory response to hypoxemia would be consistent with which term?

anemia
cytopenia
polycythemia
leukoplakia

polycythemia

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A recorded value of 42% would be most indicative of a normal value for which measure?

hematocrit
hemoglobin
platelets
white blood cells

hematocrit

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Which diagnostic test would be most beneficial to screen for the presence of a bleeding disorder?

white blood cell differential
mean corpuscle volume
platelets
prothrombin time

prothrombin time

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Which of the following represents a normal leukocyte count?

8,000/mm3
16,000/mm3
24,000/mm3
32,000/mm3

8,000/mm3

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Which of the following represents a normal platelet count?

50,000/mm3
200,000/mm3
500,000/mm3
800,000/mm3

200,000/mm3

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What is a likely hematologic compensation for individuals with chronic lung disease?

polycythemia
hemoglobinemia
leukopenia
leukocytosis

polycythemia

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What hematologic lab value is carefully monitored in patients taking diuretic medication for renal insufficiency?

electrolytes
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

electrolytes

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Which laboratory measure is most relevant when determining the international normalized ratio?

cardiac biomarkers
complete blood count
hematocrit
prothrombin time

prothrombin time

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What is the age-predicted maximal heart rate for a 46-year-old male?

146
156
174
194

174

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What two variables are manipulated when using the Bruce protocol?

maximum oxygen consumption and speed
metabolic equivalents and distance
speed and elevation
distance and time

speed and elevation

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What effect on the cardiovascular system occurs when exercising in a therapy pool as compared to land exercise?

decreased venous circulation
decreased heart rate
increased systolic blood pressure
increased VO2 response

decreased heart rate

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Which heart rate range would be the most appropriate for aerobic training in an individual with multiple sclerosis?

30-45% of heart rate maximum
45-60% of heart rate maximum
60-75% of heart rate maximum
75-90% of heart rate maximum

60-75% of heart rate maximum

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Which exercise would be least desirable for a severely debilitated patient with cardiopulmonary dysfunction? working on bridging in bed utilizing an upper body ergometer transferring sit to stand from different surfaces walking

using and UBE

Which percentage of the maximum heart rate would be the most appropriate exercise parameter for a 72-year-old in excellent cardiovascular health? 30%-40% of maximum heart rate 50%-60% of maximum heart rate 70%-80% of maximum heart rate 80%-90% of maximum heart rate

70%-80% of maximum heart rate

An appropriate heart rate to be maintained during the peak period in aerobic training, calculated as a percentage of the individual's maximum heart rate, is termed: maximum heart rate target heart rate resting heart rate steady-state heart rate

target heart rate

Healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 65 years old should engage in aerobic activity consisting of: 60 minutes of light aerobic activity 7 days a week 45 minutes of moderate aerobic activity 3 days a week 30 minutes of moderate aerobic activity 5 days a week 15 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity 3 days a week

30 minutes of moderate aerobic activity 5 days a week

Which of the following variables is necessary when calculating the target heart rate zone using the Karvonen formula? maximal oxygen uptake blood pressure age duration of exercise

age

Which of the following acute changes would be considered a normal response to aerobic exercise? a linear decrease in diastolic blood pressure a linear increase in diastolic blood pressure a decrease in tidal volume an increase in tidal volume

an increase in tidal volume

Which of the following is a normal chronic adaptation to aerobic exercise? increase in maximal oxygen uptake decrease in capillary density increase in resting heart rate decrease in mitochondrial number

increase in maximal oxygen uptake

A patient with a cardiovascular disorder should perform resistance training at which of the following intensities? low repetitions at 25% of one-repetition maximum high repetitions at 40% of one-repetition maximum low repetitions at 60% of one-repetition maximum high repetitions at 85% of one-repetition maximum

high repetitions at 40% of one-repetition maximum

Which of the following patients would most likely require medical clearance before beginning an exercise program? 50-year-old male with a family history of cancer 40-year-old female with a body mass index of 33 35-year-old male with bilateral ankle edema 65-year-old female with blood pressure of 140/80 mm Hg

35-year-old male with bilateral ankle edema

Which of the following resistance training exercises would be most effective at improving a patient’s cardiovascular fitness? bench press with barbell long arc quad with ankle weight triceps extension with dumbbells squat with dumbbells

squat with dumbbells

To avoid the risk of heat illness when the humidity is high, it is recommended that a patient: use a lower target heart rate than normal use the same target heart rate as normal use a higher target heart rate than normal use a rating of perceived exertion scale to monitor exercise intensity

use the same target heart rate as normal because the pt will reach the target heart rate with less intensity in the heat

Which group would tend to have the highest resting heart rate? infant toddler preschooler adolescent

infant

Which pulse site is measured by palpating inferior to the angle of the mandible and anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle? brachial carotid radial temporal

carotid

Which pulse site is measured by palpating anterior and adjacent to the ear? brachial carotid radial temporal

temporal

Which pulse site is assessed near the center of the long axis of the foot, between the first and second metatarsal bones? dorsalis pedis posterior tibial brachial radial

dorsalis pedis

Which pulse site is assessed by palpating the lateral volar surface of the wrist, lateral to the flexor carpi radialis tendon? brachial radial ulnar popliteal

radial

Which of the following would be a normal resting heart rate for a four-year-old child? 60 beats/minute 100 beats/minute 140 beats/minute 180 beats/minute

100 beats/minute

Which of the following is defined as the rhythmic dilation of an artery caused by the contraction of the ventricles of the heart? pulse blood pressure heart rate contractility

pulse

A normal sinoatrial initiated heart rate is typically: 20-40 beats per minute 40-60 beats per minute 60-100 beats per minute 100-120 beats per minute

60-100 beats per minute

The normal resting heart rate of a young child would be: lower than an adult's heart rate higher than an adult's heart rate the same as an adult's heart rate constantly fluctuating heart rate

higher than an adult's heart rate

Which assessment time period would produce the most valid measurement of resting heart rate? 15 seconds 30 seconds 45 seconds 60 seconds

60 seconds

Which of the following vital signs is considered within normal limits for a healthy adult? heart rate of 70 beats per minute at rest heart rate of 120 beats per minute at rest blood pressure of 170/110 mmHg at rest respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute at rest

heart rate of 70 beats per minute at rest

Which pulse site is assessed by palpating on the medial aspect of the foot inferior and slightly posterior to the medial malleolus? dorsal pedal artery medial plantar artery popliteal artery posterior tibial artery

posterior tibial

What is the heart rate of a patient whose heart beats 19 times in a 12 second interval? 76 beats per minute 95 beats per minute 114 beats per minute 190 beats per minute

Correct Answer: 95 beats per minute The heart rate per minute would be calculated by multiplying 19 x 5 since the collection period (i.e., 12 seconds) is only 1/5 or 20% of one minute.

Which group would tend to have the lowest resting heart rate? infant toddler preschooler adolescent

adolescent

Which arterial pulse site is located in the midline of the posterior knee between the tendons of the hamstring muscles? popliteal posterior tibial femoral temporal

popliteal

Which auscultatory area would be best assessed over the second intercostal space at the left sternal border? aortic area pulmonic area mitral area tricuspid area

pulmonic area

At what location is the contraction of the left ventricle most pronounced? the jugular notch the second intercostal space the fifth intercostal space the xiphoid process

the fifth intercostal space

Which area of the heart would be assessed by auscultating over the blue marking on the chest wall? mitral area aortic area pulmonic area tricuspid area

aortic area

The S2 heart sound is associated with the closure of the: aortic valve mitral valve tricuspid valve atrioventricular valves

aortic valve

Which abnormal heart sound is associated with congestive heart failure? S1 S2 S3 S4

Which abnormal heart sound is associated with myocardial infarction or hypertension? S1 S2 S3 S4

What area of the heart is the S2 heart sound best heard using auscultation? apex of the heart lateral side of the heart medial side of the heart base of the heart

base of the heart

What finding is most likely to cause a bruit identified during auscultation? narrowing of an artery narrowing of a vein widening of an artery widening of a vein

narrowing of an artery

When auscultating the heart, which of the following would not create audible sound? turbulent blood flow laminar blood flow stenotic valves valvular regurgitation

laminar blood flow

What sound is often heard as blood flows through an insufficient valve? whistling sound gurgling sound swishing sound popping sound

swishing sound

Which of the following procedures involves an incision in the windpipe to relieve an obstruction by creating an airway? endotracheal intubation tracheostomy gastrointestinal tube insertion colonoscopy

tracheostomy

What method is used to revascularize the myocardium if an artery is occluded? coronary artery bypass graft heart transplant abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy pacemaker implantation

CABG

Which device is best described as an electronic pulse generator used to create an artificial action potential to control cardiac arrhythmias? pacemaker shunt echocardiogram ultrasound

pacemaker

Which vein is typically harvested to perform a coronary artery bypass graft? external jugular great saphenous cephalic pulmonary

great saphenous

What is the primary purpose for using an intra-aortic balloon pump? increase cardiac index facilitate cardiac output monitor left ventricle pressure administer medications

facilitate cardiac output

According to the pacemaker classification system, what is the correct order in which a pacemaker is coded? chamber paced, chamber sensed, response, rate responsive pacing chamber sensed, chamber paced, response, rate responsive pacing chamber paced, response, chamber sensed, rate responsive pacing rate responsive pacing, chamber paced, response, chamber sensed

Correct Answer: chamber paced, chamber sensed, response, rate responsive pacing

When a patient receives oxygen administered by a nasal cannula at the rate of 1 liter per minute, what percentage of the air given is pure oxygen? 16% 20% 24% 28%

Correct Answer: 24% Administration of oxygen at 1 liter per minute results in 24% of the air delivered being pure oxygen. This increases at a rate of 4% per liter to the maximum oxygen delivery by nasal cannula at 6 liters per minute. At 6 liters per minute, the air delivered would be 44% oxygen.

Which of the following is a symptom of pacemaker malfunction? tachycardia pupil dilation dyspnea ataxia

Dyspnea

Which of the following devices would most likely be implanted in conjunction with a balloon angioplasty procedure? ventricular assist device cardiac pacemaker metal stent cardioverter defibrillator

metal stent

A patient with which of the following medical conditions would be least likely to require a lung transplant? idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cystic fibrosis emphysema pneumonia

pneumonia

How many milliliters of oxygen per kilogram per minute is an individual consuming if they are engaging in an activity that is described as two metabolic equivalents? 2.0 mL O2/kg/minute 4.0 mL O2/kg/minute 6.0 mL O2/kg/minute 7.0 mL O2/kg/minute

7.0 mL O2/kg/minute

The primary use of metabolic equivalents for therapists is: preserve patient safety during exercise monitor response to exercise prescribe exercise intensity quantify heart rate response

prescribe exercise intensity

Which metabolic equivalent level is most consistent with walking on a treadmill at 3 miles per hour? 1 metabolic equivalent 3 metabolic equivalents 5 metabolic equivalents 7 metabolic equivalents

3 METS

One metabolic equivalent (MET) is equal to: 3.5 ml O2/kg/min 5.0 ml O2/kg/min 7.5 ml O2/kg/min 10 ml O2/kg/min

3.5

The first stage of the Bruce protocol requires roughly how many metabolic equivalents (METs)? 1 5 10 15

What standardized measurement refers to the amount of oxygen consumed at rest by the average person basal metabolic rate resting metabolic rate metabolic equivalent rate of oxygen consumption

metabolic equivalent

Which activity would require the greatest metabolic equivalents (METs) value to complete? walking at 4 miles per hour sleeping general house work jogging a 10 minute mile

jogging a 10 minute mile

Which level of exercise intensity would be the most appropriate for a patient who is nearing discharge from inpatient cardiac rehabilitation? 1 MET 3 METs 5 METs 7 METs

3 METs

When calculating energy expenditure using metabolic equivalents, which of the following variables must be considered? height and weight of the patient height of the patient and duration of activity weight of the patient and duration of activity age of the patient and duration of activity

weight of the patient and duration of activity

Which of the following household activities would have the lowest metabolic equivalent (MET) value? lawn mowing vacuuming gardening cooking

cooking