Cardiopulmonary Review Questions #5 Flashcards
What method would be the most appropriate to determine a patient’s response to exercise assuming that they recently began taking beta blockers?
respiration rate
blood pressure
heart rate
rating of perceived exertion
RPE
The Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale rates a patient’s perceived level of exertion subjectively according to which numbering system?
1-5
6-20
1-100
10-100
6-20
Which of the following assessment procedures require subjective information rather than objective data?
breath sounds
capillary refill
rating of perceived exertion
superficial reflexes
RPE
According to Borg’s (20-point) Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale, what level would be given to a patient that states the activity is very, very light?
8
11
13
17
8
The rating of perceived exertion scale is considered to be an acceptable method for determining exercise intensity because it correlates well with:
heart rate
respiratory rate
systolic blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure
HR
When using Borg’s (20-point) Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale, what value would most often correlate with the intensity of the warm-up portion of an exercise program?
7
10
13
16
10
A rating of perceived exertion value of 16 using Borg’s (20-point) Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale correlates with which of the following maximum heart rate percentages?
25%
40%
60%
85%
85%
hich of the following patients would most likely need to use a rating of perceived exertion scale when self-monitoring exercise intensity?
a patient taking diuretics
a patient with neuropathy in the hands
a patient with coronary artery disease
a patient with bradycardia
Correct Answer: a patient with neuropathy in the hands
A patient with neuropathy in the hands would likely have sensory loss and therefore would have difficulty palpating a pulse to self-monitor exercise intensity.
A rating of 19 using Borg’s (20-point) Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale would correlate with which of the following subjective ratings?
very light
somewhat hard
hard
extremely hard
extremely hard
When using Borg’s (20-point) Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale, which of the following values would be given to a patient who stated that the exercise was “somewhat hard”?
10
13
16
19
13
Which of the following heart valves prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium during ventricular systole?
semilunar valve
bicuspid valve
tricuspid valve
mitral valve
tricuspid
Which term is a measure of left ventricular contractility?
ejection fraction
atrial kick
preload
stroke volume
ejection fraction
Which term is most consistent with the venous filling pressure that fills the left ventricle during diastole?
afterload
preload
ejection fraction
stroke volume
preload
Which of the following structures carries oxygenated blood?
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
pulmonary vein
alveoli
pulmonary vein
The process of respiration is facilitated by all of the following lung tissue properties except:
elasticity
compliance
surface tension
plasticity
plasticitiy
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs through the process of:
evaporation
condensation
diffusion
osmosis
diffusion
Which of the following is the best indicator of cardiac function?
heart rate
diastolic blood pressure
ejection fraction
stroke volume
ejection fraction
The ratio of pulsatile blood flow to non-pulsatile static blood flow in peripheral tissue is known as the:
perfusion index
diffusion index
time-based index
plethysmographic variability index
perfusion index
In the equation Q = SV x HR, which of the following is represented by Q?
arterial oxygen content
cardiac output
volume of oxygen
heart rate maximum
cardiac output
What function is the nasal concha responsible for?
humidification
cooling
sneezing
coughing
humidification
Red blood cells have a useful life span of:
60 days
120 days
180 days
240 days
120 days
Exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the circulatory system and tissues occurs in the:
arteries
capillaries
veins
platelets
capillaris
According to the Frank-Starling relationship, an increase in which of the following areas will increase cardiac output?
afterload
respiration
preload
parasympathetic activity
preload
Which of the following is a measure of the intrinsic strength of the heart muscle?
cardiac output
contractility
heart rate
stroke volume
contractility
What is the proper description of the path of deoxygenated blood in the body?
vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery
vena cava, right ventricle, right atrium, pulmonary artery
vena cava, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle
vena cava, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, right atrium
vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery
Which pulmonary function test value is not a component of vital capacity?
expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
residual volume
tidal volume
residual volume
Which pulmonary function test value is greatest in a typical adult?
expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
residual volume
tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
The sum of vital capacity plus residual volume is best termed:
forced expiratory volume
functional residual capacity
inspiratory reserve volume
total lung capacity
total lung capacity
Which value best approximates normal tidal volume in an adult?
100 ml
500 ml
1,000 ml
1,500 ml
500 ml
What percentage of the vital capacity is a patient typically able to exhale during the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)?
25%
50%
75%
100%
75%
What are the units associated with maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)?
millimeters
liters
milliliters per minute
liters per minute
liters per minute
Which pulmonary function test value refers to the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal tidal exhalation?
expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
peak expiratory flow
vital capacity
expiratory reserve volume
Which pulmonary function test value refers to the maximal volume of air exhaled in a specific period of time?
expiratory reserve volume
forced expiratory volume
functional residual capacity
peak expiratory flow
forced expiratory volume
Which pulmonary function test value refers to the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration?
expiratory reserve volume
anatomic dead space volume
residual volume
vital capacity
residual volume
Which pulmonary function test value refers to the volume change that occurs between maximal inspiration and maximal expiration?
tidal volume
vital capacity
minute volume ventilation
functional residual capacity
vital capacity
What percentage of total lung capacity is accounted for by vital capacity?
25%
50%
60%
75%
75%
What percentage of total lung capacity is accounted for by tidal volume?
10%
25%
40%
50%
10%
What lung volume does this device measure?
residual volume
tidal volume
peak expiratory flow
inspiratory capacity
peak expiratory flow
The additional air that can be forcibly inhaled at the end of a normal inspiration is known as:
expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
residual volume
inspiratory reserve volume
Which test is used to differentiate between restrictive and obstructive diseases?
x-ray
airway conductance
stress test
static lung volumes
static lung volumes
What term is given to the sum of the expiratory reserve volume and residual volume?
functional residual capacity
vital capacity
total lung capacity
tidal volume
functional residual capacity
Which term describes the volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in gas exchange?
dead space
empty space
negative space
pleural space
dead space
Which value would best reflect the intrapleural pressure during the resting phase of ventilation?
660 millimeters of mercury
760 millimeters of mercury
860 millimeters of mercury
960 millimeters of mercury
760 millimeters of mercury
Functional residual capacity accounts for approximately what percentage of the total lung capacity?
30%
40%
50%
60%
40%
Which portion of tidal volume is typically involved in respiratory exchange?
50 mL
150 mL
250 mL
350 mL
350 mL
Which breathing pattern is used to describe a normal rate and depth of breathing?
Biot’s
eupnea
Kussmaul’s
paradoxical
eupnea
Which range of values is most consistent with the normal respiration rate for an adult?
6-14 breaths per minute
8-16 breaths per minute
10-18 breaths per minute
12-20 breaths per minute
12-20 breaths per minute
A patient that exhibits orthopnea would most likely have difficulty breathing when positioned in:
standing
sitting
modified plantigrade
supine
supine
A common breathing pattern described by deep and fast breathing often associated with metabolic acidosis is termed:
eupnea
hyperpnea
Kussmaul’s
hypopnea
Kussmaul’s
The pressure inside the lungs reduces with inspiration in accordance with which law?
Boyle’s law
Newton’s law
Archimedes’ principle
continuity equation
Boyle’s law
Boyle’s Law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
Which function of the lungs will increase as the oxygen demand and the volume of carbon dioxide in the blood increase?
inspiratory pause time
expiratory positive airway pressure
minute ventilation
expiratory time
minute ventilation
Which respiratory value would be most anticipated for an adult with bradypnea?
8 breaths per minute
12 breaths per minute
16 breaths per minute
20 breaths per minute
8 breaths per minute
What term describes the type of breathing characterized by the prominent outward motion of the abdomen and inward motion of the thorax during inspiration?
paroxysmal breathing
paradoxical breathing
inverse breathing
chest breathing
paradoxical
The most common breathing pattern seen in patients with congestive heart failure is:
hyperventilation
paradoxical
Kussmaul’s
Cheyne-Stokes
Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern is characterized by an increasing then decreasing depth, with periods of apnea interspersed, and a somewhat regular rhythm.
Which group would tend to have the highest resting respiratory rates?
infant
toddler
preschooler
adolescent
infant
