New Endo Flashcards
How are peptide hormones released ?
modified by golgi and put into secretory vesicles
What are steroid hormones synthesised from ?
cholesterol
What are biogenic amines derived from ?
tyrosine
Where are posterior pituitary hormones synthesised and released from ?
synthesised in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary
What are oxytocin and ADH made from ?
magnocellular neurones
Which nuclei are oxytocin made from ?
paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
Which nuclei are ADH released from ?
supraoptic nuclei
What are the anterior pituitary hormones ?
FSH LH GH Prolactin TSH ACTH
What is graves disease ?
autoimmune disease whereby antibodies are produced against the thyroid gland
excess thyroxine
low TSH and TRH
What are the forms of extracellular calcium ?
Filterable- free and anion bound
Non-filterable-Protein bound
Where is PTH secreted from ?
chief cells of the parathyroid glands
What are the actions of PTH ?
stimulate osteoclast activity
decrease osteoid formation
increase calcium absorption in the DCT
What does PTH stimulate ?
1,25 DHCC and 1 alpha hydroxylase
What are the actions of 1,25 DHCC ?
increase the amount of calcium binding proteins
allow calcium to be absorbed against the gradient
decrease tubular reabsorption
Where does the paraceullular pathway take place ?
ileum
Where does the transcellular pathway take place ?
dudoenum and the jejunum
Where is calcitonin released from ?
parafolliicualr cells of the thyroid
What are the actions of calcitonin ?
decrease osteoclast activity
decrease tubular reabsorption
What does the adrenal medulla serete ?
catecholamines- noradrenaline
What are the actions of angiotensin II ?
stimulate aldosterone
hypothalamus- ADH
vasconstriction
CVS response- increase HR
What are the stimuli for cortisol release ?
stress
anxiety
diurnal rhythm
What are the actions of cortisol ?
immune supressant
muscle breakdown
lipolysis
liver gluoconeogenesis
