Laryngeal muscles and membranes, Muscles of the soft palate and the pharynx Flashcards
What are the attachments of superior constrictor ?
arises from the Pterygomandibular raphe , alveolar process of the mandible and the medial pterygoid plate and inserts into the pharyngeal raphe
What are the attachments of Middle constrictor ?
Arises from the stylohyoid ligament and the bony interval between the greater and lesser cornu and inserts into the pharyngeal raphe
What are the attachmenets of thyropharyngeus ?
Arises from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage and inserts into the pharyngeal raphe
What are the attachments of cricopharyngeus ?
Arises from the cricoid lamina and inserts into the pharyngeal raphe
What is the innervation of the circular constrictor muscles ?
pharyngeal plexus of the vagus
What are the attachments of Stylopharyngeus ?
Arises from the styloid process and inserts into the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage
What is the role of the stylophaaryngeus ?
elevate the pharynx
What are the attachments of palatopharyngeus ?
Arises from the opening of the opening of the auditory tube and the palatine aponeurosis and inserts into the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone
What are the attachments of the salpingopharyngeus ?
arises from the opening of the auditory tube and inserts into the fibres of palatopharyngeus
What is the innervation of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx ?
pharyngeal plexus of the vagus
EXCEPT for stylopharyngeus which is glossopharyngeal
What is the role of palatopharyngeus ?
elevate the pharynx and the larynx
seal the oral cavity from the oropharynx
What is the role of the salpingopharyngeus ?
control the opening and closing of the auditory tube
What are the attachments of palatopharyngeus ?
Arises from the opening of the auditory tube and the palatine aponeurosis and inserts into the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone
What are the attachments of palatoglossus ?
arises from the palatine aponeurosis and inserts into the lateral aspect of the tongue
What are the attachments of levator veli palatini ?
Arises from the opening of the auditory tube and the petrous part of the temporal bone and inserts into the palatine aponeurosis
What is the role of levator veli palatini ?
contract to raise the soft palate and seal the nasopharynx from the oropharynx q
What are the attachments of tensor veli palatini ?
Arises from the scaphoid fossa, medial pterygoid plate and the opening of the auditory tube and inserts into the tendon that spread across the hamulus
What are the attachments of musculus uvulae ?
Arises from the posterior nasal spine and inserts into the uvula
What is the role of the musculus uvuluae ?
Seal the nasopharynx
What is the innervation of the muscles of the soft palate ?
Pharyngeal plexus of the vagus EXCEPT for tensor veli palatini which is innervated by v3 from the otic ganglion
What are the extrinsic laryngeal membranes ?
thyrohyoid
cricotracheal
What are the intrinsic laryngeal membranes ?
cricothyroid - conus elasticus
quadrangular
What are the attachments of the thyrohyoid membrane ?
joins in the inferior aspect of the hyoid bone
superior border of thyroid cartilage
What are the attachments of the cricotracheal membrane ?
joins the cricoid cartilage to the trachea
What are the attachments of the cricothyroid membrane ?
between the true vocal folds and the superior border of the cricoid cartilage
What are the attachments of the quadrangular membrane ?
from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilage
What do the false vocal folds consist of ?
the free border of the quadrangular membrane
What is the space between the true vocal folds called ?
rima glottidis
What is the cricothyroid joint ?
joint between the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the facets on the cricoid lamina
What does the cricothyroid joint allow ?
gliding of the thyroid cartilage on the cricoid cartilage
lengthens and shortens the vocal folds
What is the cricoarytenoid joint ?
joint between the facet on the base of the arytenoid cartilages and the facet on the cricoid lamina
What does the cricoarytenoid joint allow ?
prevent translatory movements
abduct and adducts the vocal folds
What are the attachments of the aryepiglottic muscle ?
Arises from the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage and inserts into the apex of the opposite arytenoid cartilage and the epiglottis
What is the function of the aryepiglottic muscle ?
close the laryngeal inlet
What are the attachments of the thyroepiglottic muscle ?
Arises from the thyroid cartilage and inserts into the epiglottis
What is the function of thyroepiglottic muscle ?
closes the vestibule
What are the attachments of posterior cricoarytenoid ?
Ariese from the posterior aspect of the cricoid lamina and inserts into the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage ?
What is the fucntion of the posterior cricoarytenoid ?
contracts to spin the arytenoid cartilages and abduct the vocal folds - open the rima glottidis
What are the attachments of the lateral cricoarytenoid ?
Arises from the lateral aspect of the cricoid cartilage and inserts into arytenoid cartilage
What is the role of the lateral cricoarytenoid ?
spins the arytenoid cartilages
abduct the vocal folds
close the rima glottidis
What are the attachments of interarytenoid ?
Arises from the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage and inserts into the opposite one as either transverse or oblique fibres
What is the function of the rima glottidis ?
adduct the vocal folds
close rima glottidis
What are the attachments of cricothyroid ?
Arises from the anterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage and inserts into posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage
What is the action of cricothyroid ?
lengthen the vocal folds- the thyroid cartilage moves over the cricoid cartilage
What are the attachments of thyroarytenoid ?
arises from the internal aspect of the thyroid lamina and inerts into the lateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilage
What is the function of thyroarytenoid ?
closes the vestibule
shorten the vocal folds
What are the attachments of vocalis ?
Arises from the thyroarytenoid but inserts into the vocal process
What is the fucntion of the voclais ?
shorten the vocal folds ]
control the pitch
What is the innervation of the laryngeal muscles ?
recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT for cricothyroid which is the external laryngeal br
What is the innervation of vocal folds and above ?
internal branch of superior laryngeal
What is the innervation of the vocal folds and below ?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Describe the cough reflex ?
The presence of a foreign body in the supraglottic cavity sends impulses to the brain.
There is deep inspiration the vocal folds to adduct tightly
this increases intrathoracic pressure and pressure rises and results in a cough which should dislodge the foreign body
