New anatomy

Question 1

What is the motor innervation of the tongue ?

Answer 1

XII except for Palatoglossus - pharyngeal plexus of X

Question 2

What is the function of tonsils ?

Answer 2

present antigens to leukocytes

Question 3

What provides sensory innervation to the majority of the pharynx ?

Answer 3

IX

Question 4

What are the 2 regions of the pharynx not innervated by IX ?

Answer 4

Soft palate- V2 (lesser palatine)

Laryngeal inlet- X

Question 5

What are the considerations that must be made when fitting a prosthesis in relation to the soft palate ?

Answer 5

prosthesis must be made far away enough from the vibrating line so that it doesn’t move when the soft palate moves
Burning mouth syndrome- Poorly made prosthesis push on the incisive fossa and cause pain

Question 6

Name 3 ways the airways are protected during swallowing ?

Answer 6

epiglottis is lowered
vocal folds are adducted and the rima glottidis is closed
ventilation is suspended

Question 7

Describe the process of the cough reflex ?

Answer 7

1. Foreign body detected in the supraglottic cavity
2. Deep inspiration and vocal fold adduction
3. Increase in thoracic pressurre
4. Vocal folds forcefully opened and foreign body dislodged.

Question 8

Describe the stages involved in phonation (sound production) ?

Answer 8

1. Vocal folds adducted during expiration
2. Pressure rises
3. Vocal folds abducted
4. Pressure decreases and the vocal folds adduct again.

Question 9

What is the safety muscle ?

Answer 9

Genioglossus

Question 10

Where can you find V3 in the infratemporal fossa ?

Answer 10

between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

Question 11

What does the parotid duct pierce ?

Answer 11

buccinator

Question 12

Where does the long buccal nerve pass ?

Answer 12

between the 2 heads of lateral pterygoid around the masseter and pierces the buccinator

Question 13

Where does the inferior alveolar nerve pass ?

Answer 13

lateral to the lingual nerve and superficial to the lateral pterygoid muscles.

Question 14

What does the pterygoid plexus venus communicate with ?

Answer 14

cavernous sinus

inferior opthalmic vein

Question 15

Where is zygomaticus major in relation to minor ?

Answer 15

major is more lateral than minor

Question 16

What muscle type are the muscles of facial expression derived from ?

Answer 16

panniculus canosus

Question 17

What is the derivation of the muscles of facial expression ?

Answer 17

2nd pharyngeal arch mesoderm

Question 18

What are the attachments of the pterygomandibular raphe ?

Answer 18

arises from the hamulus of the medial pterygoid and inserts into the posterior part of the mylohyoid line

Question 19

What is the importance of buccinator ?

Answer 19

keeps cheeks taught

attachment determines infection spread

Question 20

How can you test the zygomatic branch of VII ?

Answer 20

close eyes tightly

Question 21

How can you test buccal branch of VII ?

Answer 21

blow out

Question 22

How can you test mandibular branch of VII

Answer 22

whistle

Question 23

What are the actions of styloglossus ?

Answer 23

create a trough

Question 24

What are the attachments of thyroarytenoid ?

Answer 24

Arises from the internal aspect of the thyroid cartilage and inserts into the lateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilage

Question 25

What are the attachments of cricothyroid ?

Answer 25

Arise from the anterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage and inserts into posterior aspect thyroid cartilage

Question 26

What are the actions of vocalis ?

Answer 26

shorten the vocal folds

control pitch

Question 27

What are the attachments of LPS ?

Answer 27

arises from the roof of the orbit and inserts into the skn of the upper eyelid

Question 28

What are the attachments of stapedius ?

Answer 28

Arises from the pyramid and inserts into the stapes

Question 29

What are the actions of stapes ?

Answer 29

control stapes movement and modulate the frequency response

Question 30

What are the attachments of tensor tympani ?

Answer 30

Arises from the pharyngotympanic tube and inserts into the manubrium of the malleus

Question 31

What are the actions of tensor tympani ?

Answer 31

Control the movement of the tympanic membrane

Question 32

What is the floor of the anterior cranial fossa made of ?

Answer 32

frontal bone

cribriform pakte of the ethmoid bone

Question 33

What is contained in the anterior cranial fossa ?

Answer 33

frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

olfactory nerve

Question 34

What is the floor of the middle cranial fossa made of ?

Answer 34

laterally - greater wings of sphenoid , squamous temporal , petrous temporal and parietal bone
medially- body of sphenoid, sella turcica and the pituitary fossa.

Question 35

What is contained in the middle cranial fossa ?

Answer 35

pituitary gland 
cavernous sinus
CN II-VI
trigeminal ganglion 
internal carotid arteries 
greater and lesser petrosal nerves

Question 36

What is the floor of the posterior cranial fossa made of ?

Answer 36

occipital bone
clivus
petrous temporal

Question 37

What is contained in the PCF ?

Answer 37

cerebellar hemispheres 
pons and medulla 
CB V-XII
sigmoid sinus
tentorium cerebelli

Question 38

What are the boundaries between the anterior and middle cranial fossa ?

Answer 38

anterior clinoid processes
jugum sphenoidale
lesser wings of sphenoid

Question 39

What are the boundaries between the middle and posterior cranial fossa ?

Answer 39

posterior cranial processes
dorsum sellae
superior border of petrous ridge