New anatomy Flashcards
What is the motor innervation of the tongue ?
XII except for Palatoglossus - pharyngeal plexus of X
What is the function of tonsils ?
present antigens to leukocytes
What provides sensory innervation to the majority of the pharynx ?
IX
What are the 2 regions of the pharynx not innervated by IX ?
Soft palate- V2 (lesser palatine)
Laryngeal inlet- X
What are the considerations that must be made when fitting a prosthesis in relation to the soft palate ?
prosthesis must be made far away enough from the vibrating line so that it doesn’t move when the soft palate moves
Burning mouth syndrome- Poorly made prosthesis push on the incisive fossa and cause pain
Name 3 ways the airways are protected during swallowing ?
epiglottis is lowered
vocal folds are adducted and the rima glottidis is closed
ventilation is suspended
Describe the process of the cough reflex ?
- Foreign body detected in the supraglottic cavity
- Deep inspiration and vocal fold adduction
- Increase in thoracic pressurre
- Vocal folds forcefully opened and foreign body dislodged.
Describe the stages involved in phonation (sound production) ?
- Vocal folds adducted during expiration
- Pressure rises
- Vocal folds abducted
- Pressure decreases and the vocal folds adduct again.
What is the safety muscle ?
Genioglossus
Where can you find V3 in the infratemporal fossa ?
between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
What does the parotid duct pierce ?
buccinator
Where does the long buccal nerve pass ?
between the 2 heads of lateral pterygoid around the masseter and pierces the buccinator
Where does the inferior alveolar nerve pass ?
lateral to the lingual nerve and superficial to the lateral pterygoid muscles.
What does the pterygoid plexus venus communicate with ?
cavernous sinus
inferior opthalmic vein
Where is zygomaticus major in relation to minor ?
major is more lateral than minor
What muscle type are the muscles of facial expression derived from ?
panniculus canosus
What is the derivation of the muscles of facial expression ?
2nd pharyngeal arch mesoderm
What are the attachments of the pterygomandibular raphe ?
arises from the hamulus of the medial pterygoid and inserts into the posterior part of the mylohyoid line
What is the importance of buccinator ?
keeps cheeks taught
attachment determines infection spread
How can you test the zygomatic branch of VII ?
close eyes tightly
How can you test buccal branch of VII ?
blow out
How can you test mandibular branch of VII
whistle
What are the actions of styloglossus ?
create a trough
What are the attachments of thyroarytenoid ?
Arises from the internal aspect of the thyroid cartilage and inserts into the lateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilage
What are the attachments of cricothyroid ?
Arise from the anterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage and inserts into posterior aspect thyroid cartilage
What are the actions of vocalis ?
shorten the vocal folds
control pitch
What are the attachments of LPS ?
arises from the roof of the orbit and inserts into the skn of the upper eyelid
What are the attachments of stapedius ?
Arises from the pyramid and inserts into the stapes
What are the actions of stapes ?
control stapes movement and modulate the frequency response
What are the attachments of tensor tympani ?
Arises from the pharyngotympanic tube and inserts into the manubrium of the malleus
What are the actions of tensor tympani ?
Control the movement of the tympanic membrane
What is the floor of the anterior cranial fossa made of ?
frontal bone
cribriform pakte of the ethmoid bone
What is contained in the anterior cranial fossa ?
frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
olfactory nerve
What is the floor of the middle cranial fossa made of ?
laterally - greater wings of sphenoid , squamous temporal , petrous temporal and parietal bone
medially- body of sphenoid, sella turcica and the pituitary fossa.
What is contained in the middle cranial fossa ?
pituitary gland cavernous sinus CN II-VI trigeminal ganglion internal carotid arteries greater and lesser petrosal nerves
What is the floor of the posterior cranial fossa made of ?
occipital bone
clivus
petrous temporal
What is contained in the PCF ?
cerebellar hemispheres pons and medulla CB V-XII sigmoid sinus tentorium cerebelli
What are the boundaries between the anterior and middle cranial fossa ?
anterior clinoid processes
jugum sphenoidale
lesser wings of sphenoid
What are the boundaries between the middle and posterior cranial fossa ?
posterior cranial processes
dorsum sellae
superior border of petrous ridge
