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Anatomy theme 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae does the neck contain ?

A

7 cervical vertebrae

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2
Q

What is the structure of the hyoid bone ?

A

body
lesser cornue
greater cornue
from the lateral aspect a concave inferior surface is visible

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3
Q

What are the typical features of a vertebra ?

A 
body
bony pedicle
lamina 
vertebral foramen 
bilateral superior and inferior articulating facets
spinous process 
transverse process
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4
Q

What does C1 not have ?

A

a body

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5
Q

What is different about c2 and c7 ?

A

c2 has a dens - the body of the C1

c7 has a slender spinous process rather than a slender spinous process

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6
Q

What are different about cervical vertebrae ?

A

they have a bifid spinous process

they have a transverse foramen

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7
Q

What is the atlanto occipital joint between ?

A

the occipital condyles and the superior articulating facets of the atlas

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8
Q

How can the atlanto-occipital joint be described ?

A

bilateral , synovial joint

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9
Q

What does the atlanto-occipital joint allow for ?

A

YES movements

lateral flexion

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10
Q

What does the atlanto-axial join ?

A

articulation between the superior articulating facets of the axis and the inferior articulating facets of the atlas
also an articulation between the dens of the axis and the anterior arch of the atlas

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11
Q

What does the atlanto-axial joint allow for ?

A

No movements

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12
Q

What ligament runs between the axis and the atlas ?

A

the transverse band of the cruciform ligament

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13
Q

What does the transverse band of the cruciform ligament run between ?

A

the dens of the axis and the anterior arch of the atlas

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14
Q

What ligament runs between the atlas and the skull ?

A

atlanto-occipital membrane

between the anterior arch of the atlas and the tip of the foramen magnum

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15
Q

Which ligaments run between the axis and the skull ?

A

posterior longitudunal ligament
bilateral alar ligaments
apical ligament

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16
Q

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament run between ?

A

it connects the dens of the axis and the basioccipit

it continues superiorlry as the tectorial membrane

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17
Q

What do the bilateral alar ligaments run between ?

A

tip of the dens to the foramen magnum

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18
Q

What does the apical ligament run between ?

A

in the midline

tip of the dens to the foramen magnum

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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck ?

A

posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
anterior border of trapezius
middle third of the clavicle

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20
Q

Where does the apex of the posterior triangle lie ?

A

on the superior nuchal line

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21
Q

What does the superficial fascia of the neck contain ?

A

the platysma

cutaneous nerves and vessles

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22
Q

What does the deep investing layer of cervial fascia run around in the neck

A

it runs across the whole circumference and splits into 2 to encase the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius

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23
Q

What does the pre-tracheal fasccia encase ?

A

the oesophagus
the thyroid gland
the trachea

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24
Q

What does the pre-vertebral fascia encase ?

A

the cervical vertebrae

the muscles of the roof of the posterior triangle

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25
What does the carotid sheath contain ?
the internal jugular vein the common carotid artery and the vagus nerve
26
What does the sternocleidomastoid arise from ?
medial third of the clavicle | manubrium sterni
27
Where does the sternocleidomastoid insert ?
mastoid process | lateral third of the superior nuchal line
28
What innervates sternocleidomastoid ?
spinal accessory nerve
29
What is the action of sternocleidomastoid ?
acts bilaterally flex the neck | can act individually to rotate the neck and place the mastoid process on the shoulder
30
Where does trapezius originate from ?
medial half of the superior nuchal line | external occipital protuberance
31
Where does trapezius insert ?
into the lateral third of the clavicle | the scapula
32
What innervates the trapezius ?
spinal accessory
33
What is the action of sternocleidomastoid ?
contracts to rotate and elevate the scapula
34
Where does the platysma arise from ?
the superficial fascia of the neck
35
What does the platysma do ?
tightens the skin of the neck
36
What innervates the platysma ?
cervical branches of the facial nerve
37
Where do scalenus anterior and scalenus medius insert into ?
first rib
38
What are the cutaneous nerves of the posterior triangle ?
lesser occipital supraclavicular greater auricular transverse cervical
39
Where is the lesser occipital nerve ?
posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
40
What does the lesser occipital nerve innervate >
skin behind the ear
41
Where is the greater auricular nerve ?
ascends on the sternocleidomastoid
42
What does the greater auricular nerve innervate ?
skin overlying the mastoid process
43
Where is the transverse cervical nerve ?
crosses sternocleidomatoid laterally
44
What does the transverse cervical nerve innervate ?
skin overlying the anterior neck ?
45
Where are the suprclavicular nerves ?
they run over the clavicle
46
What do the supraclavicular nerves innervate ?
the upper chest
47
What is the root value of the lesser occipital nerve ?
C1-C2
48
What is the root value of the gretser auruvualr nerve ?
C2-C3
49
What is the root value of the transverse cervical nerve ?
C2-C3
50
What is the root value of the supraclavicular nerves ?
C3-C4
51
What is the positon of the spinal accessory nerve ?
lies on levator scapulae
52
What is the psotion iof the phrenic nerve ?
lies in scalenus anterior
53
What is the root value of the phrenic nerve ?
c3-c5
54
What does the phrenic nerve innervate ?
the diaphram
55
Where is the brachial plexus and what does it innervate ?
superior to the clavicle | innervates the arm
56
What is the root value of the brachial plexus ?
C5-C8 and T1
57
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck ?
The midline the inferior border of the mandible anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
58
What is the apex of the anterior triangle ?
the sternum
59
What do the infrahyoid muscles do ?
depress the hyoid bone lengthen the vocal tract lower the larynx
60
Where are the infrahyoid muscles ?
they are below the hyoid bone | they are strap muscles
61
What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles ?
omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid
62
Which of the infrahyoid muscles are deep ?
thyrohyoid | sternothyroid
63
Which of the infrahyoid muscles are superficial ?
omohyoid | sternohyoid
64
What are the attachments of the omohyoid muscle ?
the superior belly originates from the lower body of the hyoid bone and inserts into the tendon the inferior belly originates from the tendon and inserts into the scapula
65
What innervates omohyoid ?
Ansa cervicalis | C1-C3
66
What are the origins and insertions of Sternohyoid
originates from the sternum | inserts into the hyoid bone
67
What innervates sternohyoid ?
ansa cervicalis C1-C3
68
Where is sternohyoid ?
anterior to the trachea and medial to omohyoid
69
What are the origins and insertions of the sternothyroid ?
originates from the thyroid cartilage | and inserts into the sternum
70
What innervates sternothyroid ?
Ansa cervicalis - C1-C3
71
Where can sternothyroid be found ?
depp to sternohyoid
72
What are the origins and insertions of thyrohyoid ?
originates from the thyroid cartilage and inserts into the hyoid bone
73
What innervates thyrohyoid ?
C1 fibres that hitchike along the hypoglossal nerve
74
What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles ?
raise the hyoid bone and the larynx | depresses the mandible
75
What are the suprahyoid muscles ?
post/ant bellies of digastric geniohyoid mylohyoid stylohyoid
76
What are the origins and insertions of the ant belly of digastric ?
originates from the digastric fossa of the mandible and inserts into a tendon on the hyoid bone
77
What are the origins and insertions of the post belly of digastric ?
originates from the tendon on the hyoid bone and inserts into the mastoid process
78
What innervates the post belly of digastric ?
cervical branch of the facial nerve
79
What innervates the anterior belly of digastric ?
nerve to mylohyoid
80
What are the origins and insertion of mylohyoid ?
originates from the mylohyoid line on the mandible and inserts into the hyoid bone
81
What innervates mylohyoid ?
nerve to mylohyoid
82
Where does the stylohyoid muscle originate and insert ?
arises from the styloid process and inserts into hyoid bone
83
What is the innervation of stylohyoid ?
cervical branch of the facial nerve
84
What are the origins and insertions of Geniohyoid ?
inferior geniall tubercles on the mandible and inserts into the hyoid bone
85
Where does the common carotid artery arise from ?
aorta
86
At what level does the common carotid artery bifurcate ?
C4 | hyoid bone
87
What is the carotid sinus ?
a control point | contains blood pressure receptors and stretch receptors - homeostasis
88
Does the internal carotid artery give any branches in the neck ?
no - keeps the vblood suppky for the skull oxygen rich
89
What are the branches of the external carotid artery ?
``` superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal lingual facial occipital posterior auricular ```
90
What are the 2 terminal branches of the ext carotid ?
maxillary | superficial temporal
91
Where does the vagus nerve leave the skull ?
jugular fo
92
Is the vagus nerve sensory or motor ?
both
93
What are the 3 main branches in the neck of the Vagus ?
pharyngeal branch of the vagus superior laryngeal nerve right recurrent laryngeal
94
What does the sup laryngeal nerve divide into ?
the int/ext laryngeal nerve
95
What makes the ansa cervicalis ?
descendant hypoglossi - hypoglossal passes over the top descendant cervicalis roots of c1-c3
96
Where does the right subclavian artery come from ?
the right braciocephalic artery
97
Where does the left subclavian artery come from ?
the aorta
98
Where does the subclavian artery pass ?
posterior to the attachment of scalenus anterior to the first rib
99
What are the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery ?
vertebral artery thyrocervical trunk the internal thoracic artery
100
What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk ?
inferior thyroid artery suprascapular artery transverse cervical artery
101
What does the vertebral artery do ?
it ascends in the foramen transversarium from C6 onwards and then passes to the Fo.Magnum
102
What does the internal thoracic artery do ?
runs parallel to the sternum
103
What does the second part of the subclavian artery contain ?
the costocervical trunk
104
Where does the subclavian vein pass >?
anterior the the attachment of scalenus anterior to the first rib
105
Where does the brachial plexus emerge ?
it emerges in the spce between scalenus anterior and scalenus medius
106
Where does the phrenic nerve pass ?
on scalenus anterior
107
What is the root value of the phrenic nerve ?
C3-C5
108
What are the parts of the thyroid gland ?
superior and inferior poles that are joined by an isthmus
109
What part of the trachea does the isthmus of the thyroid gland pass over ?
the 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings
110
What is the arterial supply to the thyroid gland ?
superior thyroid artery - from the external carotid | inferior thyroid artery - from the thyrocervical trunk of the 1st part of the subclavian artery
111
What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland ?
superior middle and inferior thyroid veins
112
What do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain into ?
they drain into the internal jugular vein
113
What does the inferior thyroid vein drain into ?
left braciocephalic vein
114
What do lymph nodes do ?
they act as filters and add lymphocytes to the fluid
115
What are the 2 types of the lymph nodes in the head and neck ?
deep cervical and superficial
116
What are the superficial nodes of the neck ?
``` parotid nodes mastoid nodes occipital nodes submental submandibular nodes ```
117
What are the deep cervical nodes of the chain ?
juulo digastric jugulo omohyoid retropharyngeal
118
What do the submental nodes drain ?
they drian the chin , tip of tongue and lower lip
119
What do the submental nodes drain into ?
jugulo omohyoid nodes
120
What do the submandibular nodes drain into ?
the jugulo-omohyoid nodes
121
What do the parotid nodes drian ?
eyelids temples cheeks external auditory meatus
122
What do the parotid nodes drain into ?
digastric nodes of the deep cerival chain
123
What do the mastoid nodes drain into ?
scalp and the auricle
124
What do the mastoid nodes drain into ?
jugulo-digastric nodes
125
What do the occipital nodes drain into ?
jugulo-omohyoid nodes
126
What are the retropharyngeal nodes ?
they are located between the posterior wall of the pharynx and the pre vertebral fascia
127
What is between fascia ?
spaces that allow infection to develop
128
What can lead to routes to infection ?
venous routes
129
what are effective barriers to infection spread ?
dense fascial layers
130
What unites loose fascial planes and what can this lead to ?
loose connective tissue | infection can destroy the tissue and this leads to spaces fro infection to develop
131
What does the thyrocervical trunk contain ?
transverse cervical inferior thyroid suprascapular arteries
132
What nerve is closely related to the superior thyroid artery ?
external branch of the superior laryngeal

BDS Stage 1 (39 decks)

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