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BDS Stage 1 > Anatomy theme 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy theme 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the facial nerve leave the Skull ?

A

Stylomastoid Foramen

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2
Q

Where does the facial nerve go after leaving the skull ?

A

enters the parotid gland

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3
Q

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve and what do they do ?

A 
motor to the muscles of facial expression and some suprahyoid muscles 
Temporal 
Zygomatic 
Buccal 
Mandibular 
Cervical
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4
Q

What are common features of the Muscles of facial expression ?

A

All innervated by the facial nerve
common embryological origin - 2nd Pharyngeal arch
originate from bine and insert into the skin

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5
Q

What do the muscles of facial expression act as ?

A

sphinctors and dliators

round the facial orifices

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of Obicularis Oculi ?

A

orbital part
Palperabal Part
Lacrimal Part

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7
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Orbital part ?

A

originates from the medial orbital margin

Inserts into the skin around the orbit

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8
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Palperabal part >

A

Originates from the Medial palperabal ligament and inserts into the eyelids

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9
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lacrimal part ?

A

originates from the lacrimal bone

inserts into the medial aspect of the eye lids

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10
Q

What is the innervation of Obicularis Oculi ?

A

Facial nerve - T and Z branches

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11
Q

What is the action of the orbital part ?

A

forcefully closes the eyelids

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12
Q

What is the action of the palperabal part ?

A

gently closes the eyelids

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13
Q

What is the role of the lacrimal part ?

A

tears

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14
Q

What is the role of obicularis oculi ?

A

it is a sphincter that controls the opening and closing of the orbital orifice

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15
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Procerus ?

A

originates from the fascia over the dorsum of the nose

inserts into the skin over the Glabella

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16
Q

What is the innervation of Procerus ?

A

facial nerve - T andZ branches

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17
Q

What is the action of procerus ?

A

contraction produces wrinkling over the bridge of the nose

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Frontalis ?

A

Originates from the aponeurosis of the scalp

Inserts into the skin over the eyebrow

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19
Q

What is the innervation of Frontalis ?

A

Facial nerve - Temporal branch

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20
Q

What is the action of Frontalis ?

A

contraction produces wrinkling over the brow

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21
Q

What is the innervation of mentalis ?

A

Facial nerve - Mandibular branch

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22
Q

What is the action of Mentalis ?

A

protrudes the lip

puckers the skin of the chin

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the Compressor Naris ?

A

Facial Nerve - Zygomatic and Buccal branches

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the Dilator Naris ?

A

Facial Nerve - Zygomatic and Buccal branches

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25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Depressor Septi ?

A

arises from thhe incisive fossa of the maxilla and inserts into the nasal septum

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26
Q

What is the innervation of depressor septi ?

A

Facial nerve - buccal branch

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27
Q

What is the action of depressor septi ?

A

move the apex of the nose

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28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Obicularis Oris ?

A

arises from the incisive fossa of the maxilla and the mandible
inserts into the skin around the lip

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29
Q

What is the innervation of Obicularis Oris ?

A

Facial nerve - zygomatic buccal and mandubular branches

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30
Q

What is the action of orbicularis oris ?

A

sphincter
presses the lips against the teeth
protrudes the lips

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31
Q

What is the innervation of Levator Anguli Oris ?

A

Facial nerve - Zygomatic and Buccal branches

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32
Q

What is the action of levator anguli oris ?

A

it lifts the angle of the mouth

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33
Q

What is the innervation of depressor anguli oris ?

A

facial nerve - buccal and mandibular branches

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34
Q

What is the action of depressor anguli oris ?

A

pull the angle of the mouth downwards

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35
Q

What is the innervation of of Zygomaticus Major ?

A

Facial nerve - Zygomatic and buccal branches

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36
Q

What is the action of zygomaticus major ?

A

it draws the angle of the mouth upwards and backwards

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37
Q

What is the innervation of Zygomaticus minor ?

A

Facial nerve - Zygomatic and buccal branches

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38
Q

What is the action of Zygomaticus minor ?

A

raises the upper lip

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39
Q

What is the function of levator labii superioris ?

A

it elevates the upper lip

alaeque nasi flares the nostril

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40
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Depressor Labii inferioris ?

A

originates from the oblique line of the mandible

Inserts into the lower lip

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41
Q

What is the innervation of depressor labii inferioris ?

A

Facial nerve - Mandibular

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42
Q

What is the action of Depressor Labii inferioris ?

A

depresses the lower lip

43
Q

What is a dermatome ?

A

an area of skin innervated by a single nerve

44
Q

How many dermatomes are there ?

45
Q

Where does V1 enter the head ?

A

Superior orbital fissure

46
Q

Where does V2 enter the head ?

A

Fo. Rotundum

47
Q

Where does V3 enter the head ?

48
Q

What supplies the dermatome posterior the ear ?

A

anterior ramii of C1-C3 spinal nerves

49
Q

What supplies the most posterior dermatome ?

A

posterior ramii of C1-C3 spinal nerves

50
Q

Which nerves supply sensory innervation to the face ?

A 
Supra orbital nerve 
Auriculotemporal nerve 
infraorbital nerve 
long buccal nerve
mental nerve
51
Q

What is the mental nerve a branch of ?

A

inferior alveolar nerve

52
Q

The infraorbital nerve is of which division of the trigeminal ?

53
Q

the supraorbital nerve is of what division of the trigeminal ?

54
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve is of what division of the trigeminal ?

55
Q

The long buccal nerve is of what division of the V ?

56
Q

What are the muscles of mastication ?

A

temporalis
masseter
lateral pteygoid
medial pterygoid

57
Q

Where do the muscles generally arise and insert ?

A

arise form bone
span the TMJ
insert into the mandible

58
Q

What is the common origin of the muscles of mastication ?

A

1st pharyngeal arch

59
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by ?

60
Q

What is the origin and insertion of masseter ?

A

arises from the zygomatic arch

inserts into the ramus of the mandible

61
Q

What is the innervation of masseter ?

A

V3- nerve to masseter

62
Q

What is the action of Masseter ?

A

powerful elevator of the mandible

multipennate

63
Q

What is the origin and insertion of temporalis ?

A 
arises from the temporal fossa and the deep temporal fascia 
Inserts into the 
coronoid process of the mandible 
ramus of Mandible 
Retromolar fossa
64
Q

What is the innervation of temporalis ?

A

v3 - nerve to temporalis

65
Q

What type of muscle is temporalis ?

A

bipennate

short fibres limit jaw opening

66
Q

What is the action of temporalis ?

A

limits jaw opening

elevates and retracts mandible

67
Q

What is the origin and insertion of lateral pterygoid ?

A

Inferior head - arises from lateral pterygoid plate and inserts into pterygoid fovea
Superior head - arises from IFTS of greater wing of Sphenoid and inserts into the Pterygoid Fovea

68
Q

What is the innervation of lateral pterygoid ?

A

v3- nerve to lateral pterygoid

69
Q

What is the origin and insertion of medial pterygoid ?

A

Superficial head arises from the Maxiallary tuberosity
inserts into the Ramus od the Mandible
Deep head - Arises from the medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid late and inserts into the ramus of the mandible

70
Q

What is the action of lateral pterygoid ?

A

inferior head - pulls the jaw forward and protracts the mandible
superior head - elevates the mandible

71
Q

What is the innervation of medial pterygoid ?

A

V3- Nerve to medial pterygoid

72
Q

What is the action of medial pterygoid ?

A

allows the mandible to move to opposite sides

73
Q

What type of gland is the parotid gland ?

74
Q

What is the parotid gland wrapped in ?

A

the parotid capsule - part of the deep investing layer of fascia

75
Q

What is the relationship of the parotid duct to Buccinator ?

A

the parotid duct pierces buccinator in an S shape to prevent substances moing up it in mastication

76
Q

What nerve innervates the Parotid duct ?

A

Glosspharyngeal

77
Q

What is deep to the parotid gland ?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Post. Digastric

78
Q

What is antero-medial to the parotid gland ?

A

masseter
post digastric
stylohyoid

79
Q

What is intermediate to the parotid gland ?

A

styloid apparatus
internal carotid
internal jugular

80
Q

What is within the parotid gland ?

A

retromandibular vein
external carotid artery
facial nerve

81
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate ?

A

in the parotid gland

internal carotid goes behind it

82
Q

What is the facial artery a branch of ?

A

external carotid

83
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery ?

A

sub mental arteries
nasal branches
superior/inferior labial branches
angular arteries

84
Q

Where is the angular artery ?

A

medial corner of the eye

85
Q

What are the branches of the superficial temporal artery

A

transverse facial artery

86
Q

What does the angular vein from from the union of ?

A

supra trochlear

supraorbital

87
Q

How is the retromandibular vein formed ?

A

by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins

88
Q

Where does the retromandibular vein bifurcate ?

A

ramus of the mandible

divides into ant division / post division

89
Q

What unites to form the int jugular ?

A

ant divison of RM

Facial

90
Q

What unites to form the ext.jugular ?

A

posterior auricular and post division of RM

91
Q

What are the attachments of Buccinator ?

A

1st maxillary molar to lateral pterygoid plate and palatine bone
Short ligament from palatine bone to tip of hamulus
The pterygomandibular raphe from the tip of the hamulus to the retromolar fossa
From the retromolar fossa along the oblique line and the alveolar process to the first mandibular molar

92
Q

What is the innervation of buccinator ?

A

facial nerve - buccal branch

93
Q

What is the action of buccinator ?

A

compresses the cheeks keeping them taught

keeps food on occlusal surfaces

94
Q

Where are the terminal branches of the external carotid arteries given off ?

A

in the parotid gland

95
Q

What are the muscles that move the lips ?

A 
orbicualris oris 
levator anguli oris 
levator labii superioris 
depressor anguli oris 
depressor labii inferioris 
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi 
zygomaticus major 
zygomaticus minor
risorius 
menalis 
buccinator
96
Q

What is the inenrvation or orbicualris oris ?

A

zygomatic branch of the facial

97
Q

What is the parotiud gland wrapped in ?

A

deep investing layer of cervical fascia

parotid capsule

98
Q

What is the significance of the parotid duct piercing buccinator in an S shape ?

A

when buccinator contracts to chew

the duct closes so food doesnt enter it

99
Q

What is the parotid gland innervated by ?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

100
Q

What is deep to the parotid gland ?

A

sternocleidomastoid

posterior belly of digastric

101
Q

What is anteromedial to the parotid gland ?

A

masseter
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid

102
Q

What is intermediate to the parotid gland ?

A

styloid apparatus
internal carotid
internal jugular vein

103
Q

What is within the parotid gland ?

A

external carotid artery
retromandibular vein
facial nerve

BDS Stage 1 (39 decks)

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