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BDS Stage 1 > Anatomy theme 4 > Flashcards

Anatomy theme 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior border of the INFTF ?

A

the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid

small part of the squamous of the temporal bone

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2
Q

What is the medial border of the INFTF ?

A

the lateral pterygoid plate

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3
Q

What is the lateral border of the IFTF ?

A

ramus and the cornoid process of the mandible

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4
Q

What is the anterior border of the INFTF ?

A

the posterior wall of the maxilla

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5
Q

What is the posterior border of the INFTF ?

A

styloid process

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6
Q

Where does the deep head of the medial pterygoid arise and insert ?

A

medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate

ramus of the mandible

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7
Q

Where does the superficial head of the medial pterygoid arise and insert ?

A

arises from the maxillary tuberosity

inserts into the ramus of the mandible - they fuse together (deep and superficial head)

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8
Q

Where does the inferior head of lateral pterygoid arise and insert ?

A

arises from the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate
inserts into the pterygoid fovea on the condylar neck

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9
Q

Where does the superior head of lateral pterygoid arise and insert ?

A

arises from the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid and inserts into the pterygoid fovea

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10
Q

What is the innervation of lateral pterygoid ?

A

V3- nerve to lateral pterygoid

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11
Q

What is the innervation Of medial pterygoid ?

A

V3- nerve to medial pterygoid

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12
Q

What does medial pterygoid do ?

A

elevates the mandible

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13
Q

What does lateral pterygoid do ?

A

depresses the mandible in jaw opening

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14
Q

What characteristic of medial pterygoid allows it to move in vectors ?

A

its fibres are perpendicular to the molars

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15
Q

Wheres does V3 enter the INFTTF ?

A

fo. Ovale

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16
Q

What does V3 do after passing through the INFTF ?

A

divides into anterior and posterior divisions

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17
Q

What does the anterior division contain ?

A

nerves to the muscles of mastication

long buccal nerve (sensory)

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18
Q

What does the posterior division contain ?

A

lingual nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
auriculotemporal nerve

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19
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar nerve supply ?

A

below the roots of the mandibular teeth

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20
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve divide into ?

A

the inferior alveolar nerve splits into the nerve to mylohyoid before it enters the mandibular canal
it supplies the mandibular teeth then gives off the mental nerve anteriorly when it enters the mandibular canal

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21
Q

Where does the mental exit the skull ?

A

the mental foramen

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22
Q

What does the mental nerve provide sensory innervation for ?

A

the chin and the lower lip

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23
Q

Where does the auriculotemporal nerve pass ?

A

around the middle meningeal artery as two roots from the post division of the mandibular nerve

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24
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve provide sensory innervation to ?

A

the oracle and the TMJ

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25
Q

Where does the lingual nerve arise from ?

A

the anterior division of v3

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26
Q

Where does the lingual nerve pass ?

A

between the ramus of the mandible and the medial pterygoid muscle

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27
Q

What does the lingual nerve innervate ?

A

it provides sensory innervation for the anterior two thirds of the tongue and carries fibres of the facial nerve in the chorda tympani

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28
Q

What is the maxillary artery a division of ?

A

Terminal branch of the external carotid

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29
Q

What does the maxillary artery pass over ?

A

lateral pterygoid muscle - in 3 parts

before by and beyond

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30
Q

What are the branches of the first part of the maxillary artery ?

A

middle meningeal

inferior alveolar

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31
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar artery pass ?

A

into the mandibular canal via the mandibular Fo.

it gives off the mental artery which passes through the mental foramen

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32
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery ascend into ?

A

Fo. Spinosum

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33
Q

What do the branches of part 2 of the maxillary artery do ?

A

they supply the muscles of mastication and buccinator

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34
Q

What do the branches of part 3 do ?

A

they accompany the maxillary nerve

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35
Q

Where does the sphenopalatine artery pass through ?

A

sphenopalatine fo.

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36
Q

Where does the infraorbital artery pass ?

A

in the infraorbital canal and exits onto the face via the infraorbital foramen

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37
Q

What does the sphenopalatine foramen connect ?

A

the nasal cavity and the pterygopalatine fossa

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38
Q

What do the tributaries of the maxillary vein drain into ?

A

the pterygoid venous plexus

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39
Q

What drains the pterygoid venous plexus ?

A

the short maxillary vein

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40
Q

Where does the maxillary vein pass ?

A

it passess deep to the neck of the mandibular condyle and enters the parotid gland where it unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein

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41
Q

What is the TMJ an articulation between ?

A

the temporal bone of the cranium and the mandible

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42
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the TMJ ?

A

articular tubercle
mandibular fossa
condyle of the mandible

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43
Q

Where are the squamotympanic fissures ?

A

in the mandibular fossa

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44
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ ?

A

bilateral synovial joint

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45
Q

What encloses the joint cavity ?

A

a fibrous capsule that runs from the temporal bone to the mandibular joint surfaces

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46
Q

What is in the joint cavity ?

A

articular disc

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47
Q

What does the articular disc divide the joint cavity into ?

A

the upper and lower compartments

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48
Q

What is the joint cavity lined by ?

A

synovial membrane

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49
Q

What are the ligaments that support the TMJ ?

A

the sphenomandibular ligament ]

the lateral temporomandibular ligament

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50
Q

What is the lateral temporomandibular ligament ?

A

a thickening of the fibrous capsule
it runs from the articular tubercle to the neck of the mandibular condyle
There is only 1

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51
Q

What does the lateral temporomandibular ligament do ?

A

Prevents the jaw moving sideways

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52
Q

Where does the sphenomandibular ligament run from ?

A

from the spine of sphenoid to the lingula of the mandible

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53
Q

Which movements occur in the lower compartments ?

A

the hinge movement
movement between the condyle and the disc
disc is stationary and the condyle moves through a horizontal axis

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54
Q

What movements happen in the upper compartment ?

A

translation movement
the movement is between the mandibular fossa and the disc
the condyle and the disc move forward

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55
Q

What happens in protrusion ?

A

condyles move anteriorly and inferiorly

the disc moves - in the upper compartment

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56
Q

What happens in retrusion ?

A

condyles and disc move upwards and backwards

on the AT

57
Q

What is depression ?

A

condyles move forward and and downward

in the lower compartment

58
Q

What are the right and left movements ?

A

condyles move forward and downward

59
Q

Which muscles are involved in the movements of the jaw ?

A

supramandibular - muscles of mastication - mostly jaw elevators except lateral pterygoid
inframandibular - suprahyoid/infrahyoid muscles , they are jaw depressors

60
Q

Describe the process of opening the jaw ?

A

hinge movement in the lower compartment
inferior head of lateral pterygoid protracts the mandible - slight opening
condyles move forward and sit on the AT
THEN ant.belly of digastric acts to open the jaw further
greater extremities -suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

61
Q

Describe the jaw closing cycle ?

A

jaw opening muscles relax
masseter and medial pterygoid pull mandible back till the condyle is in the mandibular fossa
closing against resistance - temporalis

62
Q

What does the ANS do ?

A

connects the CNS to the smooth muscle , cardiac muscle and glands

63
Q

How many neurones are required to connect the CNS to the target via the ANS ?

A

2 - they synapse in an autonomic ganglion

64
Q

What is the outflow of the sympathetic nervous system ?

A

thoracolumbar

T1-L2

65
Q

Where are the ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system ?

A

they are in the sympathetic chain

66
Q

What is the length of the preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic axons ?

A

preganglionic are short and postganglionic are long

67
Q

Where are the ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system ?

A

they are in the walls of the target

68
Q

What is the length of the postganglionic and preganglionic axons in the parasympathetic nervous system ?

A

the preganglionic axons are long

postganglionic are short

69
Q

Which ganglion supplies sympathetic supply to the head ?

A

superior cervical ganglion

70
Q

What is the outflow of the parasympathetic nervous system ?

A

craniosacral

71
Q

Where is parasympathetic supply to the head from ?

A

otic
pterygopalatine
submandibular
ciliary

72
Q

What are the 3 roots of a parasympathetic ganglion ?

A

parasympathetic motor - from craniosacral
sympathetic - from the ext.carotid arterial tree they have already synapsed in the superior cervical ganglion
sensory - usually rejoins branches of the trigeminal ganglion
branches of distribution to the target

73
Q

Where is the otic ganglion attached to ?

A

the medial aspect of the main trunk of the mandibular nerve as it passes through Fo. Ovale

74
Q

What is the parasympathetic root of the otic ganglion ?

A

the lesser petrosal nerve

75
Q

Where does the lesser petrosal nerve come from ?

A

hypoglossal nerve

76
Q

What is the sympathetic root of the otic ganglion ?

A

Arises from the superior cervical ganglion and passes around the middle meningeal artery

77
Q

What is the sensory root of the otic ganglion ?

A

arises from the otic ganglion and passes to the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve

78
Q

Where do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibres travel to the parotid gland ?

A

they travel to the parotid gland by hitchhiking on the auriculotemporal nerve

79
Q

What is the somatic motor root of the otic ganglion ?

A

travels from the otic ganglion to medial pterygoid and tensor veli palatini

80
Q

How can you see the pterygopalatine ganglion ?

A

through the pterygomaxillary fissure

81
Q

Where is the pterygomaxillary fissure ?

A

between the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the palatine bone

82
Q

What is the anterior border of the PGPF ?

A

posterior wall of the maxilla

83
Q

What is the lateral border of the PGPF ?

A

the pterygomaxillary fissure

84
Q

What is the medial border of the PGPF ?

A

the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

85
Q

What is the posterior border of the PGPF ?

A

pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone

86
Q

What passes through FO. Rotundum ?

A

v2

87
Q

What passes through the sphenopalatine fo. ?

A

sphenopalatine artery

nasopalatine nerves

88
Q

What is the inferior orbital fissure ?

A

below the superior orbital fissure in the posterior wall of the orbit

89
Q

What are the contents of the pteryopalatine fossa ?

A

the 3rd part of the maxillary artery
the pterygopalatine ganglion
the maxillary divison of the trigeminal nerve v2

90
Q

What are the branches of V2 ?

A

zygomatic nerve
posterior superior alveolar nerves
anterior middle superior alveolar nerves
infraorbital nerve

91
Q

Where does the zygomatic nerve leave the PTGF ?

A

the inferior orbital fissure to travel on the floor of the orbit

92
Q

Where does the pterygopalatine nerve hang from ?

A

v2

93
Q

What is the target of the pterygopalatine ganglion ?

A

nasal and pharyngeal mucous glands
the lacrimal glands
hayfever ganglion

94
Q

What is the parasympathetic motor root of the PG?

A

the nerve of the pterygoid canal

fusion of the greater petrosal nerve

95
Q

What does the nerve of the pterygoid canal contain ?

A

preganglionic axons from the facial nerve

96
Q

How do the postganglionic parasympathetic axons reach the mucous/lacrimal glands ?

A

via the greater and lesser palatine nerves

97
Q

What is the sympathetic root of the PG ?

A

arises from the deep petrosal nerve from around the middle meningeal artery
already synapsed in the SCG

98
Q

Where does the sensory root arise from ?

A

arises from the maxillary nerve through Fo.Rotundum and the trigeminal ganglion

99
Q

What are the branches of distribution of the PG ?

A 
greater/lesser palatine nerves 
posterior superior nasal nerves 
nasopalatine nerves 
pharyngeal nerve 
all branches of V2
100
Q

What is the path of the nasopalatine nerve ?

A

enters the nasal cavity through sphenopalatine Fo.
Passes along the roof of the nasal cavity
descends to the roof of the oral cavity
passes through the incisive Fo to the hard palate

101
Q

What does the nasopalatine nerve innervate

?

A

the maxillary anterior teeth

102
Q

What are the functions of the nose ?

A 
ventilation 
olfactory 
filtration of the air 
drainage of secretions from the paranasal air sinuses 
and the nasolacrimal duct
103
Q

What is the external nose pierced by ?

A

2 nasal apertures

104
Q

What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity ?

A

respiratory pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

105
Q

What separates the nasal cavity from the anterior cranial fossa ?

A

the cribriform plate

106
Q

What is lateral to the lateral wall of the nose ?

A

ethmoidal air cells

107
Q

What is lateral to the lower half of the nasal wall ?

A

The maxillary air sinus

108
Q

What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

A

the hard palate

109
Q

What makes up the hard palate ?

A

palatine process of the maxilla

horizontal plane of the palatine bone

110
Q

What do the nostrils lead to anteriorly ?

A

The vestibule

111
Q

What makes the roof of the nasal cavity ?

A

sphenoid bone
cribriform plate
nasal spine of the frontal bone

112
Q

of what bone is the cribriform plate a part of ?

A

the ethmoid bone

113
Q

What are the conchae ?

A

3 scroll like elevations from the lateral wall of the nose

114
Q

The superior and middle conchae are extensions of which bone ?

A

the ethmoid bone

115
Q

What do the conchae overly ?

A

meati

116
Q

What is the space above the superior concha ?

A

the sphenoethmoidal recess

117
Q

What is the nasal septum made of ?

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the

vomer (post)

118
Q

What do secretions from nasal mucosa drain through ?

A

ostia

119
Q

What is hiatus semilunaris ?

A

a curved depression in the middle meatus

120
Q

What is bulla ethmoidalis ?

A

a swelling superior to the hiatus semilunaris

121
Q

Which sinus is the biggest ?

A

maxillary

122
Q

What is the roof of the maxillary sinus ?

A

floor of the orbit

123
Q

What is the floor of the maxillary sinus ?

A

the palatine process of maxilla

124
Q

Why can sinusitis manifest as toothache ?

A

maxillary air sinus and teeth have a common nerve supply

125
Q

What does the maxillary air sinus drain into ?

A

hiatus semilunaris and the middle meatus

126
Q

Where is the ostium of the maxillary air sinus ?

A

high up in the medial wall of the nose

127
Q

Where is the frontal sinus ?L

A

Lies in the frontal bone and behind the supercilairy arches

128
Q

What does the frontal sinus drain into ?

A

hiatus semilunaris

middle meatus

129
Q

What is superior to the sphenoidal air sinus ?

A

the pituitary fossa

130
Q

What does the sphenoidal air sinus drain into ?

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

131
Q

Where are the ostia of the sphenoidal air sinus ?

A

in the body of the sphenoid

132
Q

Where are the ethmoidal air cells ?

A

they are lateral to the lateral wall of the nose and their opening lie under the concha

133
Q

What are the types of ethmoidal air cells ?

A

anterior
middle
posterior

134
Q

Where do the anterior ethmoidal air cells drain into ?

A

middle meatus - hiatus semilunaris

135
Q

Where do the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into ?

A

superior meatus

136
Q

Where do the middle ethmoidal air cells drain into ?

A

middle meatus

137
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the TMJ and the disc made of ?

A

fibrocartilage

138
Q

What are the structures related to the deep surface of the parotid gland ?

A

styloid process and stylopharyngeus , styloglossus and stylohyoid.
upper parts of the carotid sheath

BDS Stage 1 (39 decks)

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