Anatomy theme 5 Flashcards
1
Q
What does the mental foramen transmit ?
A
the mental artery and the mental nerve
2
Q
Where does the mylohyoid groove run from ?
A
the mandibular foramen
3
Q
What does the mylohyoid line divide the mandible into ?
A
the sublingual fossa above the line and the submandibular fossa below the line
4
Q
What does the mylohyoid groove transmit ?
A
the nerve to mylohyoid
5
Q
What does the submandibular fossa accommodate ?
A
superficial part of the submandibular gland
6
Q
What is the digastric fossa ?
A
on the internal aspect of the mandible
small depressions above the inferior border of the mandible
7
Q
What muscle arises from the digastric fossa ?
A
the anterior belly of diastric
8
Q
What are the superior and inferior genial tubercles ?
A
they are above the digastric fossa
9
Q
What muscles attach to the genial tubercles ?
A
geniohyoid and genioglossus
10
Q
What is the retromolar fossa ?
A
a depression between the anterior border of the ramus and behind the third mandibular molar
11
Q
What is the mandibular notch ?
A
a concave surface between the condyle and the coronoid process
12
Q
What is the superior border of the submandibular region ?
A
the inferior border of the body of the mandible
13
Q
What is the inferior border of the submandibular region ?
A
anterior and posterior bellies of digastric
14
Q
What is the roof of the submandibular region ?
A
the deep cervical fascia
15
Q
What is the floor of the submandibular region ?
A
mylohyoid and hyoglossus
16
Q
What is the facial artery squeezed between ?
A
medial aspect of the mandible and the mylohyoid
17
Q
Where does the lingual artery pass ?
A
deep to hyoglossus and the posterior belly of digastric
18
Q
What branches the facial artery give ?
A
the submental artery which travels with the nerve to mylohyoid
19
Q
What does the nerve to mylohyoid innervate ?
A
mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
20
Q
Where does the stylohyoid ligament run from ?
A
the tip of the styloid process to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone
21
Q
Where does the superficial part of the submandibular gland lie ?
A
in the submandibular fossa
22
Q
Where does the deep part of the submandibular gland lie ?
A
it wraps around mylohyoid
23
Q
What is the size of the submandibular gland ?
A
it is intermediate in size of the parotid - the largest and the sublingual the smallest
24
Q
What secretions does the submandibular gland secrete ?
A
mixed mucous and serous
25
Where does the submandibular gland open ?
at the sublingual papillae
26
What is the vestibule ?
the space between the buccal mucosa and the cheeks
27
What are the anterior and lateral borders of the oral cavity ?
anterior are the lips
| lateral is the cheeks
28
What is the roof of the oral cavity ?
the hard and soft palates
29
What is the floor of the oral cavity ?
mylohyoid - forms a diaphragm
30
What is the hard palate made of ?
the palatine process of the maxilla
| horizontal plate of the palatine bone
31
Where is the soft palate ?
it is the most posterior third of the palate
32
What is the midline projection of the soft palate ?
uvula
33
Which 2 arches support the soft palate ?
the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch
34
What is the most posterior arch?
the palatopharyngeal arch
35
What is the most anterior arch ?
the palatoglossus arch
36
What are the palatine tonsils ?
a form of mucosal associated lymphoid tissue
37
Where is the floor of the mouth ?
superior to the sublingual fossa and below the base of the tongue
38
What is the floor of the mouth mainly made of ?
mylohyoid
39
What does mylohyoid attach to to form the diaphragm ?
the mylohyoid raphe
40
What are the functions of the tongue ?
speech
manipulation of food
cleansing of the oral cavity
41
What splits the tongue into the anterior two thirds and the posterior third ?
the sulcus terminalis
42
Where does the median sulcus run from ?
the dorsum of the tongue to foramen caecum
43
Why are the anterior two thirds covered in papillae ?
the papillae provide a greater surface area
44
How are the filiform papillae arranged ?
in v shaped rows
45
How are the fungiform papillae arranged ?
they are mushroom shaped , red an d globular and are dotted over the first anterior two thirds
46
What are the foliate papillae arranged ?
they are flower shaped and arranged on the lateral margin
47
What are the circumvallate papillae ?
they are infront of the sulcus terminalis and they respond to bitter flavours
48
Where does formaen caecum lie ?
at the junction between the sulcus terminalis and the median sulcus
49
What supplies taste fibres to the anterior two thirds of the tongue ?
the chorda tympani that branches off the facial nerve and supplies the anterior two thirds with taste via the lingual nerve
50
What supplies the posterior third of the tongue with taste fibres ?
the glossopharyngeal
51
What divides the tongue into 2 halves and what does this mean ?
a fibrous septum - musculature is paired
52
Where do extrinsic muscles generally arise and insert ?
they arise from remote structures and insert into the tongue
53
What do the extrinsic muscles do ?
they contract to change the position of the tongue
54
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue ?
genioglossus
hyoglossus
palatoglossus
styloglossus
55
What is the innervation of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue ?
hypoglossal nerve (except palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus)
56
What is the origin and insertion of the genioglossus ?
it arises from the superior genial tubercle and inserts into the tongue
it is fan shaped from the mandible backwards
57
What is the origin and insertion of the hyoglossus ?
it arises from the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and inserts into the lateral aspect of the tongue
58
What is the action of genioglossus ?
it moves the dorsum and protrudes the tongue
59
What is the shape of hyoglossus ?
it is parallelograms haped
60
What is the action of hyoglossus ?
pulls the sides of the tomgue down
61
What are the origin and insertions of the styloglossus ?
it arises from the tip of the styloid process and inserts into the lateral aspect of the tongue
62
What is the action of styloglossus ?
it draws up the sides of the tongue to make a trough
63
What is the origin and insertion of palatoglossus ?
arises from the soft palate and inserts into the tongue
64
What is the innervation of palatoglossus ?
the pharyngeal plexus
65
What is the action of palatoglossus ?
it acts to lift the tongue
66
What are intrinsic muscles of the tongue ?
they originate from the tongue and inserts into the tongue
67
What do the intrinsic muscles do ?
they act to change the shape of the tongue
68
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue ?
superior and inferior longitudinal fibres
| transverse and vertical fibres
69
Where are the superior longitudinal fibres ?
they are above the dorsum of the tongue in bundles
70
Where are the inferior longitudinal fibres ?
they run between genioglossus and hyoglossus
71
What is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue ?
hypoglossal
72
What do the suo.inf longitudinal fibres do ?
they shorten the length of the tongue and curl it
73
What do the vertical fibres do ?
flatten and broaden the tongue
74
What do the transverse fibres do ?
narrow the tongue to form a trough
75
Where does lingual n arise from ?
the trigeminal ganglion in the infratemporal fossa
76
Where does the lingual nerve pass ?
between lateral and medial pterygoid
77
What joins the lingual nerve ?
The chorda tympani
78
Where does the lingual nerve go ?
it loops on hyoglossus
79
Where does the hypoglossal nerve arise from ?
it descends down the hypoglossal canal and curves at the hyoid bone anteriorly to innervate the muscles of the tongue
80
What does the hypoglossal nerve pick up ?
hitchhiking fibres from C1
81
What is lateral to hyoglossus ?
lingual nerve
hypoglossal nerve
deep lobe of the submandibular gland
82
Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull ?
the jugular foramen
83
Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve go ?
to the posterior third of the tongue
| provide taste fibres
84
Where does the lingual artery pass ?
between genioglossus and hyoglossus
85
What branches does the lingual artery give off ?
the linguale dorsalis
| deep lingual artery - terminal branch
86
What does the deep lingual artery supply ?
anterior two thirds pd the tongue
87
What does the linguale dorsalis supply ?
posterior third
88
Where does the stylohyoid ligament run from ?
tip of the styloid process to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone
89
What is medial to hyoglossus ?
glossopharyngeal
lingual artery and its branches
stylohyoid ligament
90
What is the smallest of the salivary glands ?
the sublingual
91
What is the ratio of mucous:serous secretions ?
3:2
92
Where is the sublingual gland located ?
against the sublingual fossa in the floor of the mouth against the base of the tongue
93
What innervates the sublingual gland ?
submandibular ganglion - postganglionic branches
94
What are the ganglionic branches of the submandibular ganglion ?
come off the facial nerve
95
What is the parasympathetic root of the submandibular ganglion ?
parasympathetic fibres are carried in the chorda tympani via the facial nerve and join with the lingual nerve and they synapse in the ganglion
96
What is the sympathetic root of the submandibular ganglion ?
from the perivascular nerve plexus that arises from the external carotid artery - already synapsed inthe superior cervical ganglion
97
What is the sensory root of the submandibular ganglion ?
the lingual nerve
98
Where do the postganglionic fibres travel to ?
the sublingual and submandibular glands - secretomotor
99
What are all mandibular teeth innervated by ?
inferior alveolar nerve
100
What branch is given off the inferior alveolar nerve to supply the incisors and the canines ?
incisive nerve
101
What does V2 enter through and where does it end up ?
enters through foramen rotundum and enters the pterygopalatine fossa
102
What does v2 finish as ?
infraorbital nerve
103
What are the maxillary incisors and canines innervated by ?
anterior superior alveroalr nerves
104
What are the premolars innervated by ?
the middle superior alveolar nerves
105
Where do the middle superior alveolar nerves pass ?
around the maxillary sinus
106
What innervates the maxillary molars ?
the posterior superior alveoalr nerves
107
What are the branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion ?
the greater and lesser palatine nerves
| the nasopalatine nerve
108
What innervates the lingual gingivae of all mandibular teeth ?
the lingual nerve of v3
109
What innervates the buccal gingivae of mandibular pre molars and molars ?
long buccal nerve
110
What does innervates the buccal ginigivae of mandibular incisors ?
mental nerve
111
What innervates the buccal gingivae of maxillary molars and premolars ?
posterior superior alveolar nerves
112
What innervates the palatal gingivae of premolars and molars in the maxilla ?
greater palatine nerves
113
What innervates the buccal gingivae of maxillary canines and incisors ?
infra orbital nerve
114
What innervates the palatal gingivae of incisors and canines of the maxilla ?
Nasopalatine nerve
115
Name the muscles attached to the inner surface of the mandible ?
```
genioglossus
geniohyoid
ant. belly of digastric
temporalis
mylohyoid
medial pterygoid
```
116
Which palatal muscles elevate the palate ?
levator veli palatini
| tensor veli palatini
117
Which palatal muscles depress the palate ?
palatoglossus
| palatopharyngeus
118
Which muscle aids in palate closure ?
musculus uvulae
