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Transition Block > Neuro Revision > Flashcards

Neuro Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What do you need for a classification of posteiror circulation syndrome?

A

cerebellar or brainstem syndromes; LOC; isolated homonymous hemianopia

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2
Q

What do you need for diagnosis of TCAS?

A

unilateral wekness of face; arm and leg; homonymous hemianopia; higher cerebral dysfunction

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3
Q

What is higher cerebral dysfunction?

A

dysphasia; visuospatial disorder

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4
Q

Why is there LOC with posterior circulation stroke?

A

reticular formation

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5
Q

What do you need for a lacunar syndrome?

A

unilateral wekaness; pure sensory stroke; ataxis hemiparesis

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6
Q

What is medial part of the motor and sensory cortices?

A

motor and sensory areas to foot and leg; also urinary bldder motor

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7
Q

What would microinfarcts suggest?

A

lacunar syndrome

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8
Q

What do you need to rule out for back pain?

A

cauda equina; spinal #; neoplasm; infection

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9
Q

What would suggest spinal #?

A

veterbal body tenderness; hx of traum adn pain releived by lying down SUDDEN onset

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10
Q

What would suggest infective cause of back pain?

A

DM: TB or recent UTI; IVDU; immuno-compromised state- HIV; transplant; FEVER

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11
Q

What would suggest neoplasm cause of back pain?

A

> 50; severe pain; grad onset; localised tenderness; prev malignancy; persistent pain; weight loss

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12
Q

What would suggest cauda equina?

A

BILATERAL leg weakness; incontinence; reduced anal tone; saddle anaesthesia

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13
Q

what should you do when you do straight leg raise?

A

look at patient face for pain

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14
Q

What are 4 midline structures that begin wtih M?

A

motor (CST); medial lemniscus; medial longitudinal fascicullus; motor nucleus(CN) and nerve

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15
Q

What are the 4 structures on the side that begin with S?

A

spinalcerebellar tract; spinothalamic; spinal trigeminal tract; sympathetic tract

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16
Q

What happens in an internuclear opthalmoplegia?

A

ipsiltateral- can’t abduct

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17
Q

What would be seen with a lesion of the spinal trigeminal tract?

A

ipsiltaeral loss of pain and temp

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18
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerves in the medulla?

A

CNIX; CNX; CNXI; CNXII

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19
Q

What happens in a X lesion?

A

uvula away from side of lesion

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20
Q

what happens in a XII lesion?

A

tongue deviated to side of lesion

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21
Q

What are the 4 CNs in pons?

A

CNV; CN VI; CNVII; CNVIII

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22
Q

What are the 4CNs above the pons?

A

CNIV; CNIII; CNII; CNI

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23
Q

What would be seen with a trochlear palsy?

A

hypertropia and vertical diploplia worse on downgaze

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24
Q

When might olfactory lesion occur?

A

severe URTI or head trauma

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25
Where does the optic tract synapse?
lateral geniculate nucleus
26
what is initial visual field defect in craniopharyngioma?
bitemporal inferior quadrantonopia
27
What else is the parietal part of hte optic radiation known as?
Meyer's loop
28
Why do you get macular sparing in occipital?
macular fibres are very posterior in the occipital lobe
29
When would you get a just problem with macula?
trauma from behind
30
What happens when ciliary muscles contract?
lens thick for close vision
31
What is the difference between CNIII palsy caused by microvascular and uncul herniation/aneurysm?
pupil is spared in microvascular but mydriasis is affected first in compression causes
32
What is the position of hte head trochlear palsy?
chin tuck and head tilt
33
What movements can't patients with trochlear palsy?
when reading or walking down the stairs
34
What is the most common cause of CN VI palsy?
microvascular
35
What should always be considered in CN VI palsy?
increased ICP
36
Where would the aneurysm be in CNIII?
posteiror communicating artery
37
What is esotropia?
eye is turned inwards
38
What causes lockedin syndrome?
pontine haemorrhage
39
Other than trauma what can cause trochlear palsy?
congenital
40
What type of injury can cause a horners syndrome?
hyperextension injury to neck
41
What is painful horners?
carotid dissection
42
What is a postural tremor?
when muscle held in one postion against gravity
43
give an examplew of a dopamine agonist?
cabergoline
44
What is carbidopa?
prevents peripheral conversion of the levodopa so more enters the brain
45
Where is the APP gene?
chromosome 21
46
What is mild disease on MMSe?
18-26
47
what is mod disease on MMSE?
10-17
48
Waht is mild disease Alzhemiers tx?
donezpazil; galanatmine-
49
What is given for mod-severe alzhemiers?
memantadine
50
What is the Lewy Bodies?
alph-synuclein
51
What is the difficulty in Lewy body more than
cognitive tasks e.g dyscalculia rather than memory loss
52
What is the treatment?
symptomatic
53
What should be given for psychosis with Lewy bodies?
SGA anti-psychotics
54
What is the treatment for behavioural symptoms in FTD?
SSRIs
55
How many pairs of spinal nerves?
31
56
What is adams apple dermatome?
C2
57
Why is there no C1 dermatome?
no sensory innervation in that spinal nerve
58
On the dosum what does the C7 do?
2nd and 3rd fingers
59
What is the dermatome of the pubic symphysis?
T12
60
What dermatome covers the iliacs?
L1
61
What should you do with dermatome testing?
test lateral for L1 nad L2 and then medial for L3
62
Which toe does S1 do?
little toe
63
What dermatome does the lateral malleolus?
S1
64
What is S3 dermatome?
buttocks
65
What is S5 dermatome ?
perianal skin
66
Waht is the dermatome over the clavicle?
C4
67
What is the dermatome of the xiphoid process?
T8
68
What rami make up the nerve plexuses?
anterior rami
69
What nerve roots make up the sacral plexus?
L5-S4
70
What nerve roots make up the lumbar plexus?
L1-L4
71
What nerve is responsible for the inferior lateral branchial cutanoues nerve?
radial
72
What nerve is the lateral forearm?
musculocutenous
73
What nerves do the medial forearm?
branches of the brachial plexus- medial antebrachila and medial cutaneous
74
lateral cuaneous nerve of thigh roots?
L2,3
75
What does most of the dorsum of the foot?
superifical fibular
76
What innervates the intrinsic muscles of hte back?
posteiror rami of spinal nerves
77
Where does the lateral CST cross over?
medulla
78
Where does anteiror CST corss over?
segmentally- also bilateral innervation
79
What are the features of large lesion causing central cord syndrome?
motor impairment- distal >proximal; upper limb>lower
80
Where is the legs and arms in the CST?
legs are more lateral
81
What is the difference between distal and proximal in the CST?
proximal is more lateral
82
What happens in anterior cord syndrome?
dorsal columns are spared
83
What can cause anterior cord syndrome?
anterior spinal occlusion
84
When is dexamethasone given in meningiits?
with or just before
85
What lobe does herpes simplex encephalitis affect?
temporal
86
When is central cord syndrome typically seen?
elderly patients with hyperextension injury in cervical spine- with longstanding spondylosis
87
What is seen with a small lesion in central cord syndrome?
damage to spinthalamic fibres crossing in ventral commissure first- bilateral sensory loss in cape like distribution (if cervical)

Transition Block (35 decks)

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