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Transition Block > Neuro Revision > Flashcards

Neuro Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What do you need for a classification of posteiror circulation syndrome?

A

cerebellar or brainstem syndromes; LOC; isolated homonymous hemianopia

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2
Q

What do you need for diagnosis of TCAS?

A

unilateral wekness of face; arm and leg; homonymous hemianopia; higher cerebral dysfunction

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3
Q

What is higher cerebral dysfunction?

A

dysphasia; visuospatial disorder

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4
Q

Why is there LOC with posterior circulation stroke?

A

reticular formation

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5
Q

What do you need for a lacunar syndrome?

A

unilateral wekaness; pure sensory stroke; ataxis hemiparesis

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6
Q

What is medial part of the motor and sensory cortices?

A

motor and sensory areas to foot and leg; also urinary bldder motor

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7
Q

What would microinfarcts suggest?

A

lacunar syndrome

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8
Q

What do you need to rule out for back pain?

A

cauda equina; spinal #; neoplasm; infection

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9
Q

What would suggest spinal #?

A

veterbal body tenderness; hx of traum adn pain releived by lying down SUDDEN onset

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10
Q

What would suggest infective cause of back pain?

A

DM: TB or recent UTI; IVDU; immuno-compromised state- HIV; transplant; FEVER

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11
Q

What would suggest neoplasm cause of back pain?

A

> 50; severe pain; grad onset; localised tenderness; prev malignancy; persistent pain; weight loss

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12
Q

What would suggest cauda equina?

A

BILATERAL leg weakness; incontinence; reduced anal tone; saddle anaesthesia

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13
Q

what should you do when you do straight leg raise?

A

look at patient face for pain

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14
Q

What are 4 midline structures that begin wtih M?

A

motor (CST); medial lemniscus; medial longitudinal fascicullus; motor nucleus(CN) and nerve

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15
Q

What are the 4 structures on the side that begin with S?

A

spinalcerebellar tract; spinothalamic; spinal trigeminal tract; sympathetic tract

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16
Q

What happens in an internuclear opthalmoplegia?

A

ipsiltateral- can’t abduct

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17
Q

What would be seen with a lesion of the spinal trigeminal tract?

A

ipsiltaeral loss of pain and temp

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18
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerves in the medulla?

A

CNIX; CNX; CNXI; CNXII

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19
Q

What happens in a X lesion?

A

uvula away from side of lesion

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20
Q

what happens in a XII lesion?

A

tongue deviated to side of lesion

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21
Q

What are the 4 CNs in pons?

A

CNV; CN VI; CNVII; CNVIII

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22
Q

What are the 4CNs above the pons?

A

CNIV; CNIII; CNII; CNI

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23
Q

What would be seen with a trochlear palsy?

A

hypertropia and vertical diploplia worse on downgaze

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24
Q

When might olfactory lesion occur?

A

severe URTI or head trauma

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25
Q

Where does the optic tract synapse?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus

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26
Q

what is initial visual field defect in craniopharyngioma?

A

bitemporal inferior quadrantonopia

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27
Q

What else is the parietal part of hte optic radiation known as?

A

Meyer’s loop

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28
Q

Why do you get macular sparing in occipital?

A

macular fibres are very posterior in the occipital lobe

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29
Q

When would you get a just problem with macula?

A

trauma from behind

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30
Q

What happens when ciliary muscles contract?

A

lens thick for close vision

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31
Q

What is the difference between CNIII palsy caused by microvascular and uncul herniation/aneurysm?

A

pupil is spared in microvascular but mydriasis is affected first in compression causes

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32
Q

What is the position of hte head trochlear palsy?

A

chin tuck and head tilt

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33
Q

What movements can’t patients with trochlear palsy?

A

when reading or walking down the stairs

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34
Q

What is the most common cause of CN VI palsy?

A

microvascular

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35
Q

What should always be considered in CN VI palsy?

A

increased ICP

36
Q

Where would the aneurysm be in CNIII?

A

posteiror communicating artery

37
Q

What is esotropia?

A

eye is turned inwards

38
Q

What causes lockedin syndrome?

A

pontine haemorrhage

39
Q

Other than trauma what can cause trochlear palsy?

A

congenital

40
Q

What type of injury can cause a horners syndrome?

A

hyperextension injury to neck

41
Q

What is painful horners?

A

carotid dissection

42
Q

What is a postural tremor?

A

when muscle held in one postion against gravity

43
Q

give an examplew of a dopamine agonist?

A

cabergoline

44
Q

What is carbidopa?

A

prevents peripheral conversion of the levodopa so more enters the brain

45
Q

Where is the APP gene?

A

chromosome 21

46
Q

What is mild disease on MMSe?

A

18-26

47
Q

what is mod disease on MMSE?

A

10-17

48
Q

Waht is mild disease Alzhemiers tx?

A

donezpazil; galanatmine-

49
Q

What is given for mod-severe alzhemiers?

A

memantadine

50
Q

What is the Lewy Bodies?

A

alph-synuclein

51
Q

What is the difficulty in Lewy body more than

A

cognitive tasks e.g dyscalculia rather than memory loss

52
Q

What is the treatment?

A

symptomatic

53
Q

What should be given for psychosis with Lewy bodies?

A

SGA anti-psychotics

54
Q

What is the treatment for behavioural symptoms in FTD?

A

SSRIs

55
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

56
Q

What is adams apple dermatome?

A

C2

57
Q

Why is there no C1 dermatome?

A

no sensory innervation in that spinal nerve

58
Q

On the dosum what does the C7 do?

A

2nd and 3rd fingers

59
Q

What is the dermatome of the pubic symphysis?

A

T12

60
Q

What dermatome covers the iliacs?

A

L1

61
Q

What should you do with dermatome testing?

A

test lateral for L1 nad L2 and then medial for L3

62
Q

Which toe does S1 do?

A

little toe

63
Q

What dermatome does the lateral malleolus?

A

S1

64
Q

What is S3 dermatome?

A

buttocks

65
Q

What is S5 dermatome ?

A

perianal skin

66
Q

Waht is the dermatome over the clavicle?

A

C4

67
Q

What is the dermatome of the xiphoid process?

A

T8

68
Q

What rami make up the nerve plexuses?

A

anterior rami

69
Q

What nerve roots make up the sacral plexus?

A

L5-S4

70
Q

What nerve roots make up the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

71
Q

What nerve is responsible for the inferior lateral branchial cutanoues nerve?

A

radial

72
Q

What nerve is the lateral forearm?

A

musculocutenous

73
Q

What nerves do the medial forearm?

A

branches of the brachial plexus- medial antebrachila and medial cutaneous

74
Q

lateral cuaneous nerve of thigh roots?

A

L2,3

75
Q

What does most of the dorsum of the foot?

A

superifical fibular

76
Q

What innervates the intrinsic muscles of hte back?

A

posteiror rami of spinal nerves

77
Q

Where does the lateral CST cross over?

A

medulla

78
Q

Where does anteiror CST corss over?

A

segmentally- also bilateral innervation

79
Q

What are the features of large lesion causing central cord syndrome?

A

motor impairment- distal >proximal; upper limb>lower

80
Q

Where is the legs and arms in the CST?

A

legs are more lateral

81
Q

What is the difference between distal and proximal in the CST?

A

proximal is more lateral

82
Q

What happens in anterior cord syndrome?

A

dorsal columns are spared

83
Q

What can cause anterior cord syndrome?

A

anterior spinal occlusion

84
Q

When is dexamethasone given in meningiits?

A

with or just before

85
Q

What lobe does herpes simplex encephalitis affect?

A

temporal

86
Q

When is central cord syndrome typically seen?

A

elderly patients with hyperextension injury in cervical spine- with longstanding spondylosis

87
Q

What is seen with a small lesion in central cord syndrome?

A

damage to spinthalamic fibres crossing in ventral commissure first- bilateral sensory loss in cape like distribution (if cervical)

Transition Block (35 decks)

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