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Transition Block > 09/04/18 > Flashcards

09/04/18 Flashcards

1
Q

How should respiratory function be monitored in patients with Guillain Barre syndrome?

A

regular spirometry

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2
Q

What is the landmark for L3/4?

A

line draw across the superior aspect of hte posterior iliac crests

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3
Q

What space is reached in an LP?

A

subarachnoid apce

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4
Q

What types of vasculitis can cause eosinophilia?

A

espeically Churg-Strauss syndrome but any vasculitis e.g RA

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5
Q

What is hemiparesis in migraine caused by?

A

vasoconstrictive ischaemia

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6
Q

Waht is the MOA of sumatriptan?

A

5HT1 agonst- receptor present in cranial and basilar arteries

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7
Q

Waht position do children with epiglotits typically sit in?

A

tripod position

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8
Q

what age is epiglotitis most common in?

A

children aged 2-3 years

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9
Q

Can PCOS be diagnosed in a psotmenopasual woman?

A

No

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10
Q

What is seen in ovarian stromal hyperthecosis?

A

hyperplasia of the ovarian stroma and clusters of luteinising cells distributed throughout the ovarian stroma

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11
Q

What is seen on hormones with ovarian stromal hyperthecosis?

A

increased androstenedione and testosterone secretion

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12
Q

What is the action of cyclizine?

A

H1 receptor antagonist

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13
Q

What is the action of ondansetron?

A

5-HT3 receptor antagonist

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14
Q

Waht is a partial seizure evolving to generalised called?

A

secondary partial

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15
Q

What are the side effects of valproate ?

A 
Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver toxicity
Pancreatitis and pancytopenia
Retained fat
Oedema
Appetitie
Tremor/teratogenic
Enzyme inhibitor
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16
Q

What are the carbamzepine side effects?

A

HA
Ataxia
Rash
Dizziness

Sexual dysfunction
Aanaemia,agranulocytosis
Nausea
Diplopia

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17
Q

How long are total cholesterol levels falsly lowered for after an MI?

A

24 hours to 6 weeks

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18
Q

What is augmentin?

A

co-amoxiclav

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19
Q

What type of antibiotic cover is needed for abdominal hysterectomy?

A

broad-spectrum e.g co-amox

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20
Q

Which artery is hte most common cause of GI bleeding from peptic ulcer disease?

A

gastroduodenal artery

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21
Q

what is the gastroduodenal artery a branch of?

A

common hepatic artery

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22
Q

Where does the gastroduodenal artery run?

A

psoteiror to hte first part of hte duodenum

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23
Q

why is liver implicated in problems with warfarin?

A

rich natural source of vitamin K- reduces INR

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24
Q

What happens to the platelet count in splenic dysfunction

A

high

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25
What is the significance of median raphe nucleus?
centre for serotonin containing cell bodies
26
What is found in teh locus caerulus?
adrenergic cell bodies
27
What is the function of plasmin?
degradatino of fibrin and fibrinogen
28
What immunodeficiency is assocaited iwth aggressive aspergillus infections?
CGD
29
Waht type of infection is hyper-IgE syndrome assocaited iwth?
S. aureus
30
What is the mnemonic for hyper-IgE syndrome?
``` F-coarse facies Abscesses(staph) Teeth- retained primary E-increased IgE Dermatological problems - severe eczema ```
31
What gestation does the uterus reach the umbilicus?
week 20
32
What should be excluded first in an old patient with back pain; abdo pain and anaemia?
AAA
33
What does turtling of the babies head indicate?
shoulder dystocia
34
What is the liekly diagnosis in a mother in shock and can;t feel the uterine fundus?
uterine inversion
35
What are satellite cells in muscle?
stem cells for regeneration of traumatised SK muscle tissue
36
What disease are anti-microsomal antibodies associated with?
Grave;s
37
What complement pathway is the hydrolysis of C3 the activation step?
alternative pathway
38
What CCB is used in the treament of SAH?
nimodipine
39
Why are fT3 levels no value in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism?
increaed T4 to T3 conversion can maintian fT3 levels
40
what tumour markers are used in medullary thyroid cancer?
CEA and calcitonin
41
What is hte major presenting symptosm in medullary thyroid carcinoma?
diarrhoea and flushing
42
Why is Addison's a cause of preamture menopause?
steroid cell autoantibodies cross react iwth theca interna/granulosa layers of the ovary
43
What is the risk of uterine perforation with an IUD?
1 in 1000
44
What is the nervous innervation to supraspinous and infraspinatus?
suprascpular nerve
45
When would pre-eclampsia be more common in a multigravidae?
changed partner or had pre-edlampsia in a prevp regnancy
46
What are the cardiac problems in myotonic dystorphy?
cardiac conduction abnormalities and/or cardiomyopathy
47
What is a pimrary delusion?
arises out of blue without any precedetn
48
What is folie a deux?
two people are very close and share a delusion
49
What are the treatments for beta-blocker overdose?
glucagon and cardiac pacing
50
Where is a cystic hygroma found?
posterior triangle of hte neck
51
What investigations are used to look at a patients alcohol intake?
MCV; LFTs and gamma GT
52
How does phenytoin toxicity present?
cerebellar syndrome
53
What bone diseases are associated iwth popcorn or cotton wool calcification?
chondrosarcoma and PAgets
54
Which diuretics can cause hyperglycaemia?
thiazides
55
What is the treatebt for methaemoglobinaemia?
methylene blue
56
What is membrane sweeping?
exmining finger passing through the cervix to rotate against the wall of the uterus to separate the chorionic memrbaen from the decidua or amssing cervix aroudn fornices
57
What Bishops score indicates the cervix is favourable?
>8
58
Who should be offered memrbaen sweeping?
prior to formal induction of labour
59
What is the preferred method of induction of labour?
vaginal PGE2
60
What are the options for PGE2?
pessary- one dose over 24 hours; tablets or gel- have upto 2 doses 6 hours apart
61
Whati s the risk with PGE2?
uterine hyperstimulation
62
What patients can have misoprostol to induce labout?
IUD
63
What should be done before induction of labour?
Bishops score and normal fetal HR pattern
64
When is membrane sweep offered?
at 40 and 41 week checks for nulliparous and 41 week chekc for mulitparous
65
Which ribs does the breast sit on?
2nd-6th ribs
66
Whati s a clue cell?
epithelial cell covered in gardenerellla
67
What are the crystals in gout?
negative birefrignence
68
What disease are Aschoff bodies found in?
Rheumatic fever- muscle
69
When are Curschmann spirals seen?
sputum of asthmatic patients
70
When are Call-exner bodies seen?
granulosa cell tumours
71
What is breslow thickness
from granulosa cell layer to deepest tumour cell
72
What is the appearance histologicall in phyllodes tumour?
leaf like
73
Whati s the guidance for 2 or more pills missed generally?
take most recent pill ASAP; condoms for next week
74
What is the guidance for 2 or more pills missed in the first week?
EC should be considered if unprotected sex occurred in the pill-free interval or first week of pill-taking
75
What is the guidance for pille missed in the second week?
no need for EC if in preceding 7 days, pills have been taken correctly)
76
What is the guidance for pills missed in the third week?
omit the pill-free interval
77
What is the lifetime prevalence of an episode of SZ?
1%
78
What drug increases the plasma levels of therophylline and can cause cardiac arrhythmias?
cipro
79
What conditions are myeloblasts seen in?
myeloid leukaemia; leucoerythroblastic syndromes and myelodysplasia
80
What age group gets acute myeloblastic leukaemia?
elderly
81
What is diagnostic on peripheral film of AML?
auer rods in circulating myeloblasts
82
Why would there be an isolated alk phos in pregnancy?
produced by the placenta
83
What conditions are associated iwth HLA-DR3?
coeliac disease; SLE; sjogrens; myasthenia gravis
84
What are prions?
proteinaceous beta sheets
85
Who is continuous HRT suitable for?
post-menopausal
86
Who is suitable for sequential HRT?
perimenopausal
87
does the iliac crest form part of the pelvic inlet?
no

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