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Transition Block > 01/04/18 > Flashcards

01/04/18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the inheritance of ataxia telangiectasia

/

A

AR

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2
Q

What are the immunological consequences of ataxia telangiectasia?

A

variable immunodeficiency and T cell dysfunction

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3
Q

What are the features of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?

A

abnormal immune system function and thrombpyctopenia

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4
Q

What is the inheritance of Wiskott-alrich syndrome?

A

X-linked recessive

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5
Q

What does TX indicate in staging?

A

malignant ells found in bronchail secretions. no other evidence of tujour

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6
Q

What does N1 in lung staging mean?

A

peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilum

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7
Q

What does N2 on lung staging mean?

A

ipsilateral mediastinum or subcarinal

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8
Q

what does N3 on lung staging mean?

A

contralateral mediastinum or hilum, scalene or supraclavicular

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9
Q

What sex has a better prognosis in SZ?

A

female

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10
Q

Waht artery originates from the left posterior aortic sinus?

A

left coronary aretry

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11
Q

What artery supplies the AV node?

A

RCA

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12
Q

What vessel opens into the right atrium?

A

coronary sinus

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13
Q

What artery supplies the apex of the heart?

A

LAD

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14
Q

What artery lies in the anterior atrioventricular groove?

A

RCA

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15
Q

What feature of hte ECG is myotonic dystrophy associated with?

A

prolonged PR intergal

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16
Q

What is the treatment for aspergillus?

A

amphotericin B

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17
Q

What lines the oesophagus in the upper two thirds?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

What lines the oesophagus in the lower third?

A

stratified columnar epithelium

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19
Q

What is a ridge of bone known as?

A

crest

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20
Q

What is the effect of non-dominant temporal love lesions?

A

abnormalities of perception

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21
Q

What virus is responsible for roseola infantum?

A

Human herpes virus 6

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22
Q

What is the effect of human herpes virus 6 in adults?

A

increase risk of transplant rejection

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23
Q

What organisms are responsible for febrile diarrhoeal illnesses in young children?

A

echovirus

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24
Q

Which virus leads to bird flu and human transmission?

A

influenza A

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25
What factors are protein c and S involved in breaking down?
Va and VIIIa
26
What is factor V leiden?
factor V which cannot be inactivated by protein C
27
Which area of the bowel does Hirshprung's afffefct?
large bowel not small
28
How do anticonvulsants cause osteomalacia?
reduced 25 hydroxylation of vtiamin D in the liver
29
What type of virus is HPV?
DNA virus
30
What cells have CD52?
B and T cells; monocytes; macrophages, ddendritic cell and NK cells
31
What is the function of CD52 crosslinking?
costimulatory signal to T cells
32
What are the complications of retinal vein occlusion?
macular oedema and neovascular glaucome
33
What is neovacualr glaucoma characterised by?
prliferation of fibrovascular tissue in the anterior chamber angle
34
What causes neovascular glaucome?
retinal ischaemia
35
Why are handle and short process of malleus more prominent in acute otitis media/
typiamic membraen initially becomes retracted
36
What is the differential for nail fold infarcts?
RA; dermato/polymyositis; scleroderma
37
What is the difference between nail fold infarcts and splinter haemorrhages?
splinter haemorrhages are more linear and more nuemours
38
Why does bleeding occur in the first trimester with molar pregnnacies?
intravascular coagulation
39
What is the significance of trophoblastic disease and contraception?
recent trophoblastic disease is an absolute CI to progeterone contraception as it can be progesterone-responsive
40
What branch of the SMA supplies the transverse colon?
middle colic artery
41
What areas of the body are affected by pityriasis rosea?
trunk, neck and prox. limbs
42
Who does pityriasis rosea affect?
young adults
43
What precedes the rash in pityriasis rosea?
herald patch
44
What does the herald patch in look like in pityriasis rosea?
ovoid red scaly patch with a scaly edge- dark red
45
What are the lesions like in pityriasis versicolour?
mulitple hypo or hyperpigmented scaly macules on the upper trunk and back
46
What causes pityriasis versicolor?
fungi: malassezia furfur
47
What artery supplies the right ventricle and apex?
right marginal artery
48
What artery supplies the left atrium and ventricle?
circumflex artery
49
What stimulates the release of gastrin?
parasympathetics and amino acids
50
What inhibits the secretion of gastrin?
acid in the stomach and somatostatin
51
What hormone stimualtes bicard seretion from the duodenum, pancreas and liver?
secretin
52
When is secretin stimulated?
acid in the small intestine
53
Where is ghrelin produced?
fundus of the stomach
54
What type of deafness is seen with PAgets?
conductive
55
What is the main gene found on the Y chromosome?
SRY gene
56
When does genetic anticipation occur?
mutations caused by trinucleotide repeat expansions
57
What diseases are assoicated iwht genetic anticipiation?
myotonic dystrophy; fragile X and huntingtons
58
When is dexamethasone used as an antiemetic?
after cytotoxic chemo
59
Is AVN associated with SLE?
yes
60
What diagnosis is made using hte tensilon test?
myasthenia gravis
61
What is the tensilon test?
administration of IV edophonium
62
What can cause pulsatile proptosis?
carotid artery aneurysm
63
When is the peak incidence of TTP?
30-40 years
64
What is associated with TTP?
cytotoxic drugs; SLE; pregnnacy; oral contraceptive use
65
What is the difference between TTP and DIC?
clotting screen (fibrinogen level) is normal in TT
66
What type of wound are seen with Ehlers-Danlos syundrome?
fish-mouth wounds
67
What happens to your sleep with propanolol?
vivid dreams
68
What contraceptive is implicated in severe depression?
depo-provera
69
What cancer does Bowens's disease predispose to?
SCC
70
What is seen with SCC
ulcerated lesion with everted edge
71
What is the typical presentation of BCC?
pearly nodule with rolled telangiectactic edge on the face
72
What is the mechanism behind focal neuro signs associate with polycythamia?
thrombosis
73
What are simple manouevres for epistaxis?
grasping alae distally and application of a cold compress to the brdige of the nose
74
What is the next step in stopping epistaxis after anterior nasal packing is unsucessful?
posterior packing
75
What is seen in the hormones with PCOS?
elevated LH and normal or low FHS; increased free oestrogen
76
What may be seen with diabetics commensed on fibrate therapy?
low HDL
77
What happens to cortisol in response to hypoglycameia?
rises
78
What is recommended first line for onychomycosis?
terbinafine
79
What is the inheritance of G6PD deficiency?
x-linked recessive
80
What artery lies in the anterior atroventricular
right coronary artery
81
What part of the ventricular system might a pinealoma compress?
midbrain cerebral aqueduct
82
What effect can midbrain tumours have on the eyes?
compress the edinger westphal nuclei- mydriasis
83
Why are hormonal contraceptives associated with ectopic pregnancy?
progesterone decreases tubal motility and delays ovum transport
84
What is MRI based on?
exciting hydrogen atoms using energy from an oscillating magnetic field and the rate at which excited electrons return back to their resting state
85
Why is Addisons disease associated with premature menopause?
steroid cell autoantibodies cross react with the theca interna/granulosa layers of the ovarian follicles
86
What is the difference between tropicamide and cyclopentolate?
tropicamide has a much shorter acting
87
What are the mainstays of treatment in nephrotic syndrome?
salt restriction and diuretics
88
What artery supplies the cochlear and vestibular nuclei in the brainstem?
anteiror inferior cerebellar artery
89
What are the common pathogens for neonatal bacterial meningitis?
GBS; E.coli and listeria
90
give an example of an enticholinesterase?
pyridostigmine

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