29/03/18

Question 1

What is given for lifethreatening rising ICP?

Answer 1

IV mannitol/furosemide

Question 2

What does a unilaterally dilated pupil indicate?

Answer 2

CNIII compression 2o to tentorial herniation

Question 3

What are the symptoms of hypokalaemia?

Answer 3

fatigue; muscle weakness; myalgia; muscle cramps; constipation; hyporeflexia and paralysis

Question 4

What are the features of hypokalaemia?

Answer 4

U waves; small/absent T waves (inversion); prolong PR interval; ST depression; long QT

Question 5

What is Riedel thyroiditis?

Answer 5

fibrous tissue replacing the normal thyroid parenchyma; painless goitre

Question 6

What are the main types of thryoid antibodies?

Answer 6

anti-thryoid peroxidase; TSH receptor; thyroglobulin

Question 7

Which antibody is found in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Answer 7

anti-TPO

Question 8

What antibody is most commonly found in Grave’s?

Answer 8

TSH receptor antibodies

Question 9

Why does hypocalcaemia cause excitability of nerves?

Answer 9

lack of calcium increases permeability of sodium

Question 10

How does changing the pH affect calcium?

Answer 10

affects amount of free calcium in the blood

Question 11

How do sarcomas commonly metastasise?

Answer 11

haematogenously

Question 12

What are the SE of ciprofloaxacin?

Answer 12

reduces threshold for seizure and increases risk of tendon rupture

Question 13

What is the effect of clostridium botulinum?

Answer 13

prevents the release of ACh at the neurmuscualr junction

Question 14

What other name is Wenckebach hart blok known as?

Answer 14

Mobitz type 1

Question 15

What antibiotics are protein synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 15

aminogylcosides; tetrocyclines; chloramphenicol; clindamycin; macrolides

Question 16

What separates the subclavian artery and vein?

Answer 16

scalenus anterior

Question 17

What is the ligamentum teres?

Answer 17

remnant of the umbilical vein

Question 18

What organism is gram-nge; oxidase postiive; non-lactose fermenting bacilli?

Answer 18

pseudomonas

Question 19

What organism is gram-negative. maltose-utilising diplococci?

Answer 19

neisseria menigitides

Question 20

What organism is gram postiive, urease positive catalase postivie cocci?

Answer 20

staph. epidermidis

Question 21

What organism is a gram negative, oxidase positive, catalase positive comma-shaped rods?

Answer 21

H. pylori

Question 22

What is the effect of oestrogen on lactobacilli?

Answer 22

facilitate the conversion of glucose to lactic acid

Question 23

What hormones stimualte the release of prolactin?

Answer 23

PRH and TRH

Question 24

What dermatome is the inguinal ligament?

Answer 24

L1

Question 25

What forms the medial border of the femoral canal?

Answer 25

lacunar ligament

Question 26

What forms the posterior border of hte femoral canal?

Answer 26

pectinlea ligament

Question 27

Where does acetazolamide work in the kidneys?

Answer 27

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 28

Where do thiazides work?

Answer 28

distal tubule

Question 29

Where do loops work?

Answer 29

ascending limb of henle

Question 30

What is the function of CCK?

Answer 30

stimulates digestion of fat and protein

Question 31

What embyrological strucutre is the ureter derived from?

Answer 31

mesonephric duct

Question 32

How does the opthalmic artery enter the orbit?

Answer 32

wit hthe optic nerve

Question 33

Where does the dural sac terminate?

Answer 33

S2