12/04/18

Question 1

What is agnosia?

Answer 1

inability to interpret sensations

Question 2

What may be seen with prosthetic heart valves on blood film?

Answer 2

fragment cells

Question 3

What is Felty’s syndrome?

Answer 3

RA with hypersplenism and neutropenia

Question 4

what is seen on blood film with Felty’s syndrome?

Answer 4

neutropenia with myeloid hyperplasia

Question 5

What is the most common infective cause of IDA worldwide?

Answer 5

hookworm infestation

Question 6

Why is there partial ptosis in Horner’s syndrome?

Answer 6

loss of the msucle of Muller- sympathetic innervation

Question 7

What is anisocoria?

Answer 7

unequal pupil size

Question 8

What is the cause if a patient presentas with pancytopenia and neuro deficit?

Answer 8

B12 deficiency

Question 9

What are Heinz bodies?

Answer 9

RBC inclusions of denatured Hb

Question 10

Why do Heinz bodies arise?

Answer 10

oxidant damage to RBCs

Question 11

When should an event recorder ECG be done to diagnose AF?

Answer 11

symptomatic episodes are more than 24 hours apart

Question 12

What is the HASBLED score?

Answer 12

HT
Abnormal liver/renal function
Stroke
Bleeding tendency
Labile INR
Age >65
Drugs (aspirin/NSAIDs) or alcoho

Question 13

Who should be offered apixaban?

Answer 13

nonvalvular AF wtih 1 or more RF e.g: prior stroke/TIA; age >75; HT; DM; symptomatic HF

Question 14

Who shouldn’t be offered rate control as a first line for Af?

Answer 14

AF has reversible cause; heart failure caused by AF; new onset; atrial flutter who is suitable for ablation

Question 15

What is first line for rate control?

Answer 15

beta-blocker or rate-limiting CCB

Question 16

Who should get digoxin?

Answer 16

non-paroxysmal AF and are sedentary

Question 17

What shoudl be offered if monotherapy rate control isn’t adequate?

Answer 17

combination of 2 of: beta blocker; diltiazem; digoxin

Question 18

Who should get pharma/eletrical rhythym control?

Answer 18

symptoms continue after HR controlled or not been successful

Question 19

What is used for pharma conversion?

Answer 19

flecainide or amiodarone

Question 20

When is thrombolysis with alteplase recommended?

Answer 20

wihtin 4.5 horus of onset of stroke symptosm and CT has excluded haemorrhage

Question 21

How long should warfarin be continued for people with distal DVT?

Answer 21

6 weeks (calf vein)

Question 22

How long should warfarin be continued in people wiht proximal DVT or PE with temporary RFs?

Answer 22

3 monhts

Question 23

How long should warfarin be continued in people with proximal DVT due to unkonw cause?

Answer 23

6 months

Question 24

What should patietns be counselled on when starting warfarin?

Answer 24

should be taken at same time everyday; dose; when appointments are; adverse effects- and whwat to do; factors that can effect INR- medicine; food; alcohol; acute illness

Question 25

When should patients on warfarin seek immediate medial advice?

Answer 25

spontaneous bleeding occurs and doesn't stop or recurs; sudden severe back pain; difficulty breathing; chest pain

Question 26

What score should anticoagulation be offered to patietns?

Answer 26

score of 2 or more

Question 27

When should men be offered anticoag treatment?

Answer 27

score of 1

Question 28

What is the CHA2DS2VASc score?

Answer 28

``` CHF HT Age >75 DM Stroke/TIA/VTE Vascular disease Age 65-74 Sex-female ```

Question 29

What is the treatment for Turner's?

Answer 29

GH injections in childhood and oestrogen replacement therapy at age of 12, oestrogen and progesterone combo to maintain menses

Question 30

What is the ingeritance of haemophilia?

Answer 30

x-ilnked recessive

Question 31

What isthe major indication for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 31

acute open angle closure glaucoma

Question 32

What disease is linked to type I collagen defect?

Answer 32

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 33

What disease is linked to type III collagen defects?

Answer 33

Ehlers-Danlos

Question 34

What disease is linked to mutations in type IV collagen?

Answer 34

Alport disease

Question 35

What type of connective tissue is affected in MArfans?

Answer 35

fibrillin-1

Question 36

What is the problem with amitryptyline and epilepsy?

Answer 36

aggravates epilepsy

Question 37

What CCB cannot be used to treat AF?

Answer 37

amlodipine- has no antiarrhythmic activity

Question 38

What is the inheritance of CGD?

Answer 38

x-linked

Question 39

What type of infectiosn do CGD pateitns typically get?

Answer 39

recurrent staph.