Neuro I

Question 1

tx of glaucoma

Answer 1

decreased aqueous humor synthesis:
a-agonists
B-blockers
diuretic - acetazolamide

increased aqueous humor outflow:
cholinomimetic
prostaglandin

Question 2

epinephrine

Answer 2

a1 agonist

tx of glaucoma

Question 3

brimonidine

Answer 3

a2 agonist

tx of glaucoma

Question 4

tx emergency glaucoma

Answer 4

pilocarpine - opening meshwork into canal of schlemm

increased outflow -contract ciliary muscle

Question 5

timolol

Answer 5

B-blocker

tx of glaucoma

Question 6

betaxolol

Answer 6

B-blocker

tx of glaucoma

Question 7

carteolol

Answer 7

B-blocker

tx of glaucoma

Question 8

pilocarpine

Answer 8

direct cholinomimetic

tx of glaucoma

Question 9

carbachol

Answer 9

direct cholinomimetic

tx of glaucoma

Question 10

physostigmine

Answer 10

indirect cholinomimetic

tx of glaucoma

Question 11

echothiophate

Answer 11

indirect cholinomimetic

tx of glaucoma

Question 12

latanoprost

Answer 12

PGF2a - prostaglandin

tx of glaucoma - increased outflow aqueous humor

Question 13

adverse latanoprost

Answer 13

darken color of iris - browning

Question 14

morphine

Answer 14

opioid agonist

Question 15

fentanyl

Answer 15

opioid agonist

Question 16

codeine

Answer 16

opioid agonist

Question 17

loperamide

Answer 17

opioid agonist

Question 18

meperidine

Answer 18

opioid agonist

Question 19

dextromethorphan

Answer 19

opioid agonist

Question 20

diphenoxylate

Answer 20

opioid agonist

Question 21

pentazocine

Answer 21

opioid agonist

Question 22

MOA opioid

Answer 22

agonist at mu, delta, kappa receptors

open K channel, close Ca channel - decreased synaptic transmission

inhibit release ACh, NE, 5-HT, glutamate, substance P

Question 23

methadone

Answer 23

long half life opioid

tx of opioid abuse

Question 24

adverse opioid

Answer 24

abuse - miosis

Question 25

tolerance and opioid

Answer 25

not to miosis or constipaion

Question 26

naloxone

Answer 26

opioid antagonist

Question 27

naltrexone

Answer 27

opioid antagonist

Question 28

butorphanol

Answer 28

kappa-opioid agonist mu opioid partial agonist can cause opioid withdrawal in those taking full opioid agonist

Question 29

tramadol

Answer 29

weak opioid agonist inhibit 5-HT and NE reuptake decreased seizure threshold compared to opioids

Question 30

ethosuximide

Answer 30

block thalamic T-type Ca channels

Question 31

tx of absence seizure

Answer 31

ethosuximide

Question 32

adverse ethosuximide

Answer 32

stevens johnson syndrome HA, itching, fatigue, GI distress

Question 33

tx acute status epilepticus

Answer 33

benzos - diazepam and lorazepam

Question 34

benzo MOA

Answer 34

increased GABA-A action

Question 35

tx for eclampsia seizure

Answer 35

MgSO4 - 1st line also benzos

Question 36

first line tx tonic clonic seizures

Answer 36

phenytoin carbamazepine valproic acid

Question 37

phenytoin

Answer 37

increase Na channel inactivation zero-order kinetics

Question 38

adverse phenytoin

Answer 38

gingival hyperplasia teratogen induce P450 stevens johnson

Question 39

first line tx trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 39

carbamazepine

Question 40

carbamazepine

Answer 40

increased Na channel inactivation

Question 41

adverse carbamazepine

Answer 41

agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia liver toxicity teratogen CYP inducer stevens johnson

Question 42

valproic acid

Answer 42

increased Na channel inactivation | increased GABA concentration - inhibit GABA transaminase

Question 43

adverse valproic acid

Answer 43

neural tube defect - CI in pregnancy hepatoxicity

Question 44

gabapentin

Answer 44

inhibit high voltage activated Ca channel GABA analog epilepsy drug -partial seizures

Question 45

phenobarbitol

Answer 45

increased GABA-A action | 1st line in neonates

Question 46

adverse phenobarbitol

Answer 46

sedation tolerance dependence induction P450

Question 47

topiramate

Answer 47

block Na channel | increased GABA activity

Question 48

migraine prevention

Answer 48

topiramate

Question 49

lamotrigine

Answer 49

block voltage gated Na channels

Question 50

adverse lamotrigine

Answer 50

steven johnson syndrome

Question 51

levetiracetam

Answer 51

epilepsy drug modulate GABA and glutamate release

Question 52

tiagabine

Answer 52

increased GABA - inhibit uptake epileptic drug

Question 53

vigabatrin

Answer 53

increased GABA - inrreversible inhibition GABA transaminase epileptic drug

Question 54

steven johnson syndrome

Answer 54

prodrome - malaise and fever - rapid onset itchy erythematous rashes - skin lesions progress skin necrosis and sloughing