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Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology > Antimicrobials VI > Flashcards

Antimicrobials VI Flashcards

1
Q

oseltamivir

A

inhibit influenza neuraminidase

-decreased release of progeny

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2
Q

tx of influenza A and B

A

oseltamivir

zanamivir

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3
Q

zanamivir

A

inhibit influenza neuraminidase

-decreased release of progeny

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4
Q

acyclovir

A

guanosine analog

monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine inase

triphosphate formed

inhibit viral DNA polymerase - chain termination

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5
Q

famciclovir

A

guanosine analog

monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine inase

triphosphate formed

inhibit viral DNA polymerase - chain termination

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6
Q

valacyclovir

A

guanosine analog

monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine inase

triphosphate formed

inhibit viral DNA polymerase - chain termination

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7
Q

adverse acyclovir

A

obstructive crystal nephropathy

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8
Q

prevent adverse of acyclovir

A

hydration - prevent crystal nephropathy

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9
Q

tx of HSV and VZV

A

acyclovir
famciclovir
valacyclovir

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10
Q

gangciclovir

A

5’-monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase

guanosine analog

triphosphate formed by cellular kinases
-inhibit DNA polymerase

chain termination

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11
Q

tx of CMV

A

gangciclovir

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12
Q

tx for HSV encephalitis

A

temporal lobe

acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

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13
Q

tx genital HSV warts

A

acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

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14
Q

resistance acyclovir

A

mutated viral thymidine kinase

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15
Q

resistance gangciclovir

A

mutated viral kinase

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16
Q

adverse gangciclovir

A

leukopenia
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
renal toxicity

more toxic than acyclovir

17
Q

foscarnet

A

viral DNA/RNA polymerase inhibitor
and HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor

binds pyrophosphate binding site of enzyme

no activation by viral kinases

18
Q

tx of CMV retinitis

A

gangciclovir

if fails - foscarnet

19
Q

resistance to foscarnet

A

mutated DNA polymerase

20
Q

tx acyclovir resistant HSV

A

foscarnet

21
Q

CMV

A

infect mononuclear cells

22
Q

EBV

A

infect B cells

23
Q

cidofovir

A

inhibit viral DNA polymerase

-does not require activation viral kinases

24
Q

clinical use cidofovir

A

CMV retinitis - immunocompromised

acyclovir resistance HSV

25
Q

adverse cidofovir

A

nephrotoxic

coadmin with probenecid and IV saline - prevent toxicity

26
Q

HIV therapy

A

high active antiretroviral therapy

started - time of diagnosis of HIV infection

two NRTIs

and one of following
-NNRTI, protease inhibitor, integrase inhibitor

27
Q

atazanavir

A

protease inhibitor

28
Q

darunavir

A

protease inhibitor

29
Q

fosamprenavir

A

protease inhibitor

30
Q

indinavir

A

protease inhibitor

31
Q

lopinavir

A

protease inhibitor

32
Q

ritonavir

A

protease inhibitor

33
Q

saquinavir

A

protease inhibitor

34
Q

protease inhibitor

A

prevent maturation of new viruses

HIV-1 protease - pol gene
-cleaves polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into their functional parts

35
Q

ritonavir boost

A

can enhanced other drug concentration

-inhibit P450

36
Q

rifampin

A

CI with protease inhibitor - can decrease protease inhibitor concentration

Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology (26 decks)

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