Antimicrobials VI Flashcards

1
Q

oseltamivir

A

inhibit influenza neuraminidase

-decreased release of progeny

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2
Q

tx of influenza A and B

A

oseltamivir

zanamivir

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3
Q

zanamivir

A

inhibit influenza neuraminidase

-decreased release of progeny

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4
Q

acyclovir

A

guanosine analog

monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine inase

triphosphate formed

inhibit viral DNA polymerase - chain termination

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5
Q

famciclovir

A

guanosine analog

monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine inase

triphosphate formed

inhibit viral DNA polymerase - chain termination

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6
Q

valacyclovir

A

guanosine analog

monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine inase

triphosphate formed

inhibit viral DNA polymerase - chain termination

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7
Q

adverse acyclovir

A

obstructive crystal nephropathy

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8
Q

prevent adverse of acyclovir

A

hydration - prevent crystal nephropathy

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9
Q

tx of HSV and VZV

A

acyclovir
famciclovir
valacyclovir

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10
Q

gangciclovir

A

5’-monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase

guanosine analog

triphosphate formed by cellular kinases
-inhibit DNA polymerase

chain termination

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11
Q

tx of CMV

A

gangciclovir

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12
Q

tx for HSV encephalitis

A

temporal lobe

acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

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13
Q

tx genital HSV warts

A

acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

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14
Q

resistance acyclovir

A

mutated viral thymidine kinase

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15
Q

resistance gangciclovir

A

mutated viral kinase

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16
Q

adverse gangciclovir

A

leukopenia
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
renal toxicity

more toxic than acyclovir

17
Q

foscarnet

A

viral DNA/RNA polymerase inhibitor
and HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor

binds pyrophosphate binding site of enzyme

no activation by viral kinases

18
Q

tx of CMV retinitis

A

gangciclovir

if fails - foscarnet

19
Q

resistance to foscarnet

A

mutated DNA polymerase

20
Q

tx acyclovir resistant HSV

21
Q

CMV

A

infect mononuclear cells

22
Q

EBV

A

infect B cells

23
Q

cidofovir

A

inhibit viral DNA polymerase

-does not require activation viral kinases

24
Q

clinical use cidofovir

A

CMV retinitis - immunocompromised

acyclovir resistance HSV

25
adverse cidofovir
nephrotoxic coadmin with probenecid and IV saline - prevent toxicity
26
HIV therapy
high active antiretroviral therapy started - time of diagnosis of HIV infection two NRTIs and one of following -NNRTI, protease inhibitor, integrase inhibitor
27
atazanavir
protease inhibitor
28
darunavir
protease inhibitor
29
fosamprenavir
protease inhibitor
30
indinavir
protease inhibitor
31
lopinavir
protease inhibitor
32
ritonavir
protease inhibitor
33
saquinavir
protease inhibitor
34
protease inhibitor
prevent maturation of new viruses HIV-1 protease - pol gene -cleaves polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into their functional parts
35
ritonavir boost
can enhanced other drug concentration | -inhibit P450
36
rifampin
CI with protease inhibitor - can decrease protease inhibitor concentration