Antimicrobials III Flashcards
azithromycin
macrolide
clarithromycin
macrolide
erythromycin
macrolide
macrolide
inhibit 23S rRNA of 50S subunit
coverage macrolides
atypical pneumoniase
STDs
URIs
adverse macrolides
QT prolongation
GI issues
rash
eosinophilia
clarithromycin and erythromycin
inhibit P450
resistance of macrolides
methylate 23S rRNA binding site
trimetroprim
inhibit bacterial DHFR
used combo with sulfonamide
-sequential block folate synthesis
tx of UTI
TMP-SMX
adverse trimethoprim
megaloblastic anemia
leukopenia
granulocytopenia
sulfamethoxazole
sulfonamide
sulfisoxazole
sulfonamide
sulfadiazine
sulfonamide
sulfonamide
inhibit folate synthesis
PABA antimetabolite - inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
tx of leprosy
dapsone
inhibits folate synthesis
adverse sulfonamide
hemolysis - if G6PD deficient
nephrotoxic
photosensitivity
kernicterus
displace other drugs from albumin (warfarin)
resistance sulfonamides
altered enzyme
-bacterial dihydropteroate synthase
ciprofloxacin
fluoroquinolone
norfloxacin
fluoroquinolone
levofloxacin
fluoroquinolone
ofloxacin
fluoroquinolone
moxifloxacin
fluoroquinolone
gemifloxacin
fluoroquinolone
enoxacin
fluoroquinolone
fluoroquinolone
inhibit prokaryote topoisomerase II
-DNA gyrase
and topoisomerase IV
don’t take with antacids
coverage fluoroquinolone
gram neg rods of urinary and GI tract
some gram positive organs
adverse fluoroquinolone
GI upset
skin rash
HA/dizzy
leg cramp, myalgia
CI in pregnant women
fluoroquinolone
tendonitis and tendon rupture
fluoroquinolone
damage cartilage of children
fluoroquinolone
daptomycin
lipopeptide
disrupt cell membrane of gram positive cocci
coverage daptomycin
staph aureus skin infection
bacteremia
endocarditis
VRE
not used for pneumonia
daptomycin
-avidly binds and inactivated by surfactant
adverse daptomycin
myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
metrondiazole
form toxic free rad metabolite
-damage DNA
bactericidal and antiprotozoal
coverage metrondiazole
giardia entamoeba trichomonas gardnerella vaginalis anaerobes
triple therapy h. pylori
metrondiazole
PPI
clarithromycin
anaerobic infection below diaphragm
metrondiazole
adverse metrondiazole
flushing, tachy, hypotension - with alcohol
HA and metallic taste