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Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology > Cardiovascular II > Flashcards

Cardiovascular II Flashcards

1
Q

digoxin

A

cardiac glycoside

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2
Q

digoxin MOA

A

inhibit Na/K ATPase

  • indirect inhibition Na/Ca exchanger
  • increased Ca - positive inotropy

stimlate vagus nerve - decreased HR

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3
Q

clinical use digoxin

A

HF - increased contractility

A-fib - decreased conduction at AV and suppression SA node

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4
Q

adverse digoxin

A

cholinergic - N/V, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision, arrythmia, AV block

hyperK - indicator of poor prognosis

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5
Q

antidote for digoxin

A

normalize K
cardiac pacer
anti-digoxin Fab fragments
Mg

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6
Q

class I antiarrhythmics

A

sodium channel blockers

slow phase 0 depolarization
-state dependent

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7
Q

quinidine

A

class IA antiarrhythmic

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8
Q

procainamide

A

class IA antiarrhythmic

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9
Q

disopyramide

A

class IA antiarrhythmic

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10
Q

class IA antiarrhythmic MOA

A

increased AP duration
increased effective refractorr period in ventricular action potential
increased QT interval

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11
Q

tx re-entrant and ectopic SVT and VT

A

class IA antiarrhythmic

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12
Q

adverse class IA antiarrhythmic

A

HA, tinnitus
reversible SLE syndrome
HF
thrombocytopenia

torsades - with long QT

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13
Q

lidocaine

A

class IB antiarrhythmic

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14
Q

mexiletine

A

class IB antiarrhythmic

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15
Q

class IB antiarrhthmic MOA

A

decrease AP duration

preferentially affect ischemic or depolarized purkinje fibers and ventricular tissue

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16
Q

tx ventricular arrythmia post MI

A

class IB antiarrhythmic

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17
Q

adverse class IB antiarrhythmic

A

CNS stimulant/depressant

cardiovasc depression

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18
Q

flecainamide

A

class IC antiarrhythmic

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19
Q

propafenanone

A

class IC antiarrhythmic

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20
Q

class IC antiarrhythmic MOA

A

prolong effective refractory period in AV node

no effect in purkinje and ventricular tissue

minimal effect AP duration

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21
Q

decreased slope of phase 0 depolarization

A

sodium channel blockers - class I antiarrhythmics

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22
Q

adverse class IC antiarrhythmic

A

proarrhythmic

CI post MI and structural heart disease

23
Q

class II antiarrhythmic

A

beta-blocker

24
Q

metoprolol

A

class II antiarrhythmic

25
Q

propranolol

A

class II antiarrhythmic

26
Q

esmolol

A

class II antiarrhythmic

27
Q

atenolol

A

class II antiarrhythmic

28
Q

timolol

A

class II antiarrhythmic

29
Q

carvedilol

A

class II antiarrhythmic

30
Q

MOA class II antiarrhythmic

A

beta-blocker

  • decreased SA and AV node activity
  • decreased cAMP, decreased Ca current

decrease slope phase 4 pacemaker

31
Q

esmolol

A

short acting beta blocker

32
Q

dyslipidemia

A

with metoprolol

33
Q

exacerbate prinzmetal angina vasospasm

A

propranolol

34
Q

unopposed alpha1 agonist

A

if give beta-blocker alone with pheochromocytoma or cocaine toxicity

35
Q

tx beta-blocker overdose

A

saline, atropine, glucagon

36
Q

class III antiarrhythmic

A

potassium channel blocker

37
Q

amiodarone

A

class III antiarrhythmic

38
Q

ibutilide

A

class III antiarrhythmic

39
Q

dofetilide

A

class III antiarrhythmic

40
Q

sotalol

A

class III antiarrhythmic

41
Q

class III antiarrhythmic MOA

A

K channel blocker

increased AP duration
increased effective refractory period
increased QT interval

42
Q

adverse sotalol

A

torsades

excessive beta-blockade

43
Q

adverse ibutilide

A

torsades

44
Q

adverse amiodarone

A 
pulmonary fibrosis
hepatotoxic
hypothyroid/hyperthyroid - 40% iodine
hapten - corneal deposit - skin deposits
neuro effects
constipation
CV effects - brady, heart block HF

monitor pulmonary, liver, thyroid function tests

45
Q

class IV antiarrhythmic

A

calcium channel blocker

46
Q

verapamil

A

class IV antiarrhythmic

47
Q

diltiazem

A

class IV antiarrhythmic

48
Q

class IV antiarrhythmic MOA

A

calcium channel blocker

  • decreased conduction velocity
  • increased effective refractory period
  • increased PR interval
49
Q

adverse class IV antiarrhythmics

A

constipation
flushing
edema
CV effects - HF, AV block, sinus node depression

50
Q

adenosine MOA

A

more K out of cell

-hyperpolarize and decreased Ca in cell

51
Q

DOC for abolishing SVT

A

adenosine

very short acting

52
Q

blunt effects of adenosine

A

theophylline and caffeine

53
Q

adverse of adenosine

A

flushing, hypotension, chest pain, sense impending doom, bronchospasm

54
Q

tx of torsades

A

Mg2+

Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology (26 decks)

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