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Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology > Heme/Oncology II > Flashcards

Heme/Oncology II Flashcards

1
Q

azathioprine

A

purine analog

antimetabolite

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2
Q

6-mecaptopurine

A

purine analog

antimetabolite

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3
Q

6-thioguanine

A

purine analog

antimetabolite

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4
Q

purine analog antimetabolites

A

decreased de novo purine synthesis

activated by HGPRT

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5
Q

increased toxicity with allopurinol and febuxostat

A

azathioprine and 6-MP

because metabolized by xanthine oxidase

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6
Q

cladribine

A

purine analog antimetabolite

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7
Q

tx of hairy cell leukemia

A

cladribine

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8
Q

cytarabine

A

pyrimidine analog - antimetabolite

inhibits DNA polymerase

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9
Q

cytarabine adverse

A

pancytopenia

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10
Q

5-fluorouracil

A

pyrimidine analog

complexes folic acid

inhibits thymidylate synthase
-decreased dTMP > decreased DNA

tx basal cell cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer

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11
Q

methotrexate

A

folic acid analog

inhibit dihydrofolate reductase

rediced dTMP > decreased DNA

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12
Q

medical abortion

A

misoprostol and methotrexate

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13
Q

rescue of methotrexate

A

leucovorin

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14
Q

adverse methotrexate

A

hepatotoxic
pulmonary fibrosis
mucosal ulcers
myelosuppression

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15
Q

antimetabolites

A

all S phase specific

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16
Q

bleomycin

A

induce free rad formation

-break DNA strands

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17
Q

adverse bleomycin

A

pulmonary fibrosis
skin hyperpigmentation
mucositis
myelosuppression

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18
Q

dactinomycin

A

intercalate in DNA

for childhood tumors

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19
Q

doxorubicin

A

generate free radicals

-intercalate in DNA - breaks in DNA

20
Q

adverse doxorubicin

A

cardiotoxicity - dilated cardiomyopathy

21
Q

prevent cardiotoxicity with doxorubicin

A

dexrazoxane - iron chelating agent

22
Q

busulfan

A

cross link DNA

23
Q

adverse busulfan

A

pulmonary fibrosis

hyperpigmentation

24
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

cross link DNA - guanine N7

require liver bioactivation

25
Q

ifosfamide

A

cross link DNA - guanine N7

require liver bioactivation

26
Q

adverse cyclophosphamide

A

hemorrhagic cystitis

27
Q

prevent hemorrhagic cystitis with cyclophosphamide

A

mesna

thiol group binds toxic metabolites

28
Q

carmustine

A

nitrosurea

29
Q

lomustine

A

nitrosurea

30
Q

semustine

A

nitrosurea

31
Q

streptozocin

A

nitrosurea

32
Q

nitrosurea

A

require bioactivation
-cross BBB

cross link DNA

tx of brain tumors

33
Q

paclitaxel

A

hyperstabilize polymer microtubule in M phase

anaphase cannot occur

34
Q

vincristine

A

vinka alkaloid
-bind and inhibit beta-tubulin polymerization

prevent mitotic spindle formation
-M phase arrest

35
Q

vinblastine

A

vinka alkaloid
-bind and inhibit beta-tubulin polymerization

prevent mitotic spindle formation
-M phase arrest

36
Q

adverse vincristine

A

neurotoxic - areflexic, peripheral neuritis

37
Q

adverse vinblastine

A

bone marrow suppression

38
Q

cisplatin

A

cross link DNA

39
Q

carboplatin

A

cross link DNA

40
Q

adverse cisplatin

A

nephrotoxicity

ototoxicity

41
Q

reverse cisplatin nephrotoxicity

A

amifostine - free rad scavenger

chloride - saline diuresis

42
Q

etoposide

A

inhibit topoisomerase II - more DNA degradation

43
Q

irinotecan

A

inhibit topoisomerae I - prevent DNA unwinding and replication

44
Q

topotecan

A

inhibit topoisomerae I - prevent DNA unwinding and replication

45
Q

teniposide

A

inhibit topoisomerase II - more DNA degradation

46
Q

hydroxyurea

A

inhibit ribonucleotide reductase

decreased DNA synthesis - S phase specific

Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology (26 decks)

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