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Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology > Cardiovascular I > Flashcards

Cardiovascular I Flashcards

1
Q

tx essential HTN

A

thiazide
ACE I
ARBs
DHP CCBs

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2
Q

tx HTN with heart failure

A 
diureti
ACE I 
ARBs
CCB
aldosterone antagonist
beta-agonist
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3
Q

beta-blocker in heart failure

A

use with caution decompensated HF

CI in cardiogenic shock

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4
Q

protective against diabetic nephropathy

A

ACE I

ARBs

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5
Q

tx HTN in pregnancy

A

hydalazine
labetalol
methyldopa
nifedipine

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6
Q

amlodipine

A

DHP Ca channel blocker

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7
Q

clevidipine

A

DHP Ca channel blocker

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8
Q

nicardipine

A

DHP Ca channel blocker

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9
Q

nifedipine

A

DHP Ca channel blocker

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10
Q

nimodipine

A

DHP Ca channel blocker

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11
Q

diltiazem

A

nonDHP Ca channel blocker

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12
Q

verapamil

A

nonDHP Ca channel blocker

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13
Q

DHP vs. non-DHP

A

DHP - act on vasc smooth m

non-DHP - act on heart

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14
Q

CCB mechanism

A

block voltage dependent L-type Ca channels cardiac and smooth muscle

decreased muscle contractility

heart - non-DHP
vasc smooth m - DHP

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15
Q

tx subarachnoid bleed

A

nimodipine

prevent cerebral vasospasm

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16
Q

tx atrial fib/flutter

A

non-DHP CCB

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17
Q

adverse nonDHP CCB

A

AV block

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18
Q

adverse CCB

A 
cardiac depression
peripheral edema
flushing
dizzy
constipation
gingival hyperplasia
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19
Q

hyperPRL

A

seen with verapamil - adverse effect

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20
Q

hydralazine MOA

A

increase cGMP

  • smooth m relaxation
  • vasodilate arteriole > veins
  • decrease afterload
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21
Q

hydralazine adverse

A 
compensatory tachy
fluid retention
HA
angina
lupus like syndrome
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22
Q

nitroprusside MOA

A

short acting

incraese cGMP - via direct release NO

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23
Q

adverse nitroprusside

A

CN toxicity

-releases cyanide

24
Q

fenoldopam MOA

A

dopamine D1 agonist

coronary, peripheral, renal, splanchnic vasodilation

decreased BP
increased natriureis

25
Q

tx HTN emergency

A 
clevidipine
fenoldopam
labetalol
nicardipine
nitroprusside
26
Q

nitrates MOA

A

increased NO vasc smooth m
increase cGMP
smooth m relaxation

dilate vein > arteries
decreased preload

27
Q

nitroglycerin

28
Q

isosorbide dinitrite

29
Q

isosorbide mononitrite

30
Q

adverse nitrates

A

reflex tachy (tx with beta-blockers)

hypotension
flushing
HA

31
Q

monday disease

A

tolerance for vasodilator during week
-loss of tolerance on weekend

with nitrate use

tachy, dizzy, HA upon reexposure

32
Q

determinants of myocardial O2 consumption

A

end-diastolic volume
BP
HR
contractility

target of antianginal therapy

33
Q

pindolol and acebutolol

A

CI in angina

partial beta-agonists

34
Q

antiangina tx

A

nitrates
beta blockers
combo nitrates/beta blockers

35
Q

statin MOA

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

36
Q

effect of statins

A

greatly decreased LDL**

increased HDL and decreased TG

37
Q

adverse statins

A

hepatotoxic

myoapthy

38
Q

bile acid resin MOA

A

prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids

liver must use cholesterol to make more

39
Q

adverse bile acid resins

A

GI upset
decreased absorption other drugs
decreased absorption fat soluble vits

40
Q

cholestyramine

A

bile acid resin

41
Q

colestipol

A

bile acid resin

42
Q

colesevelam

A

bile acid resin

43
Q

effect of bile acid resin

A

larger decrease LDL

44
Q

ezetimibe MOA

A

prevent cholesterol absorption small intestine brush border

45
Q

effect of ezetimibe

A

decreased LDL

46
Q

adverse ezetimibe

A

diarrhea

increased liver function tests

47
Q

gemfibrozil

48
Q

colfibrate

49
Q

bezafibrate

50
Q

fenofibrate

51
Q

fibrate MOA

A

upregulated LPL - increased TG clearance

activate PPAR-a - induce HDL synthesis

52
Q

adverse fibrates

A

myopathy

cholesterol gallstones

53
Q

effects of fibrates

A

greatly decreased TGs

54
Q

niacin MOA

A

vit B3

inhibit lipolysis

reduced hepatic VLDL synthesis

55
Q

adverse niacin

A

red, flushed face

decreased by NSAIDs

hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia

56
Q

effects of niacin

A

increased HDL
decreased LDL

also slight decrease TG

Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology (26 decks)

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