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Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology > Antimicrobials IV > Flashcards

Antimicrobials IV Flashcards

1
Q

prophylaxis for TB

A

isoniazid

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2
Q

tx for TB

A

RIPE

rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol

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3
Q

prophylaxis for MAI

A

azithromycin

rifabutin

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4
Q

tx of MAI

A

more drug resistant than TB

azithromycin or clarithromycin and ethambutol

add rifabutin or cipro

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5
Q

tx of m. leprae tuberculoid form

A

long term tx - dapsone and rifampin

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6
Q

tx of m. leprae lepromatous form

A

long term tx - dapsone and rifampin

add clofazimine

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7
Q

rifampin

A

rifamycin

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8
Q

rifabutin

A

rifamycin

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9
Q

rifamycin

A

inhibit DNA dependent RNA polymerase

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10
Q

rifampin in leprosy tx

A

delays resistance to dapsone

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11
Q

adverse of rifampin

A

increase P450

orange body fluids

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12
Q

rifabutin vs. rifampin

A

rifabutin favored in HIV patient - due to less P450 activation

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13
Q

resistance rifamycins

A

mutation reduce drug binding RNA polymerase

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14
Q

isoniazid

A

inhibit synthesis mycolic acid

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15
Q

to activate isoniazid

A

require bacterial catalase-peroxidase (KatG gene)

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16
Q

adverse isoniazid

A

neurotoxic
hepatotoxic
prevent neurotoxic - vit B6 - pyridoxine

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17
Q

prevent neurotoxicity of isoniazid

A

vit B6 - pyridoxine

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18
Q

resistance to isoniazid

A

mutation to underexpression of KatG

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19
Q

pyrazinamide

A

prodrug - converted to active compound pyrazinoic acid

20
Q

adverse pyrazinamide

A

hyperuricemia

hepatotoxicity

21
Q

ethambutol

A

decreased carb polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall - block arabinosyltransferase

22
Q

adverse ethambutol

A

optic neuropathy
-red-green color blindness

“eye” thambutol

23
Q

prophylaxis for pt at risk for endocarditis with dental or surgical procedure

A

amoxicillin

24
Q

prophylaxis for exposure to gonorrhea

A

ceftriaxone

25
Q

prophylaxis for recurrent UTIs

A

TMP-SMX

26
Q

prophylaxis for exposure to meningoccal drugs

A

ceftriaxone
ciprofloxacin
rifampin

27
Q

prophylaxis pregnant women group B strep positive

A

PCN G

28
Q

prophylaxis prevent gonococcal conjunctivitis in newborn

A

erythromycin ointment

29
Q

prophylaxis prevent post surgery infection from staph aureus

A

cefazolin

30
Q

prophylaxis strep pharyngitis in child with prior rheumatic fever

A

benzathine PCN G - or oral PCN V

31
Q

prophylaxis exposure to syphilis

A

benzathine PCN G

32
Q

prophylaxis for pneumo jirovecii

A

CD4 less than 200

TMP-SMX

33
Q

prophylaxis for pneumo jirovecii and toxoplasmosis

A

CD4 less than 100

TMP-SMX

34
Q

prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium complex

A

CD4 less than 50

azithromycin

35
Q

tx of MRSA

A 
vancomycin
daptomycin
linezolid
tigecycline
ceftaroline
36
Q

tx of VRE

A

linezolid

streptogramins - quinupristin, dalfopristin

37
Q

tx of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas

A

polymyxin B and E (colistin)

38
Q

tx of multidrug resistant acinetobacter baumannii

A

polymyxin B and E (colistin)

39
Q

amphotericin B

A

binds ergosterol

form membrane pore - leakage of electrolytes

40
Q

adverse amphotericin B

A 
fever/chills
hypotension
nephrotoxic
arrhythmia
anemia
IV phlebitis
41
Q

decrease nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B

A

hydration

42
Q

tx cryptococcus meningitis

A

amphotericin B with/without flucytosine

43
Q

tx blastomyces

A

amphotericin B

44
Q

tx histoplasma

A

amphotericin B

45
Q

tx candida

A

amphotericin B

46
Q

tx mucor

A

amphotericin B

47
Q

supplement with amphotericin B

A

K and Mg

because of altered renal tubule permeability

Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology (26 decks)

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